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  • Humans  (5)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (5)
  • 2005-2009  (3)
  • 1985-1989  (2)
  • 1
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    Pre-Columbian urbanism, anthropogenic landscapes, and the future of the Amazon (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-30
    Description: The archaeology of pre-Columbian polities in the Amazon River basin forces a reconsideration of early urbanism and long-term change in tropical forest landscapes. We describe settlement and land-use patterns of complex societies on the eve of European contact (after 1492) in the Upper Xingu region of the Brazilian Amazon. These societies were organized in articulated clusters, representing small independent polities, within a regional peer polity. These patterns constitute a "galactic" form of prehistoric urbanism, sharing features with small-scale urban polities in other areas. Understanding long-term change in coupled human-environment systems relating to these societies has implications for conservation and sustainable development, notably to control ecological degradation and maintain regional biodiversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heckenberger, Michael J -- Russell, J Christian -- Fausto, Carlos -- Toney, Joshua R -- Schmidt, Morgan J -- Pereira, Edithe -- Franchetto, Bruna -- Kuikuro, Afukaka -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 29;321(5893):1214-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1159769.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. mheck@ufl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18755979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/history ; *Archaeology ; Biodiversity ; Brazil ; Cities/*history ; *Culture ; Ecosystem ; Environment Design ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Residence Characteristics ; Rivers ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Antigen recognition determinants of gammadelta T cell receptors (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-12
    Description: The molecular basis of gammadelta T cell receptor (TCR) recognition is poorly understood. Here, we analyze the TCR sequences of a natural gammadelta T cell population specific for the major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecule T22. We find that T22 recognition correlates strongly with a somatically recombined TCRdelta complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) motif derived from germ line-encoded residues. Sequence diversity around these residues modulates TCR ligand-binding affinities, whereas V gene usage correlates mainly with tissue origin. These results show how an antigen-specific gammadelta TCR repertoire can be generated at a high frequency and suggest that gammadelta T cells recognize a limited number of antigens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shin, Sunny -- El-Diwany, Ramy -- Schaffert, Steven -- Adams, Erin J -- Garcia, K Christopher -- Pereira, Pablo -- Chien, Yueh-Hsiu -- AI33431/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 8;308(5719):252-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15821090" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens ; Binding Sites ; Gene Rearrangement, gamma-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*immunology ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Ligands ; Protein Conformation ; Proteins/*immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Reproducibility distinguishes conscious from nonconscious neural representations (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: What qualifies a neural representation for a role in subjective experience? Previous evidence suggests that the duration and intensity of the neural response to a sensory stimulus are factors. We introduce another attribute--the reproducibility of a pattern of neural activity across different episodes--that predicts specific and measurable differences between conscious and nonconscious neural representations independently of duration and intensity. We found that conscious neural activation patterns are relatively reproducible when compared with nonconscious neural activation patterns corresponding to the same perceptual content. This is not adequately explained by a difference in signal-to-noise ratio.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schurger, Aaron -- Pereira, Francisco -- Treisman, Anne -- Cohen, Jonathan D -- MH075342/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):97-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1180029. Epub 2009 Nov 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. schurger@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Awareness/*physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Consciousness/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Temporal Lobe/physiology ; Unconscious (Psychology) ; Visual Cortex/physiology ; *Visual Perception ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Lectin activation in Giardia lamblia by host protease: a novel host-parasite interaction (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-04
    Description: A lectin in Giardia lamblia was activated by secretions from the human duodenum, the environment where the parasite lives. Incubation of the secretions with trypsin inhibitors prevented the appearance of lectin activity, implicating proteases as the activating agent. Accordingly, lectin activation was also produced by crystalline trypsin and Pronase; other proteases tested were ineffective. When activated, the lectin agglutinated intestinal cells to which the parasite adheres in vivo. The lectin was most specific to mannose-6-phosphate and apparently was bound to the plasma membrane. Activation of a parasite lectin by a host protease represents a novel mechanism of host-parasite interaction and may contribute to the affinity of Giardia lamblia to the infection site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lev, B -- Ward, H -- Keusch, G T -- Pereira, M E -- P-1-P30-AM 39428-01/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 4;232(4746):71-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3513312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agglutination ; Animals ; Duodenum/enzymology/parasitology ; Giardia/*metabolism ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; Humans ; Intestine, Small/enzymology/*parasitology ; Lectins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Peptide Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Sheep ; Species Specificity ; Trypsin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Existence of high abundance antiproliferative mRNA's in senescent human diploid fibroblasts (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-18
    Description: Polyadenylated RNA isolated from senescent human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) inhibited DNA synthesis in proliferation-competent cells after microinjection, whereas polyadenylated RNA from young HDF had no inhibitory effect. Polyadenylated RNA from young cells made quiescent by removal of serum growth factors had a slight inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis. The abundance level of inhibitor messenger RNA (mRNA) from senescent cells was estimated at 0.8 and that of quiescent cells at 0.005 percent. These results demonstrate the existence of one or more antiproliferative mRNA's in nonproliferating normal human cells; these RNA's code for factors that either work antagonistically to initiators of DNA synthesis or regulate the expression of the initiators in some way. The abundance level of the inhibitory mRNA in senescent cells indicates the feasibility of developing a complementary DNA probe that will be useful in studying cell cycle control mechanisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lumpkin, C K Jr -- McClung, J K -- Pereira-Smith, O M -- Smith, J R -- AG-04749/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG-05333/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- T32-CA-09197/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 18;232(4748):393-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2421407" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cell Division/drug effects ; *Cell Survival ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Diploidy ; Fibroblasts/*physiology ; Humans ; Oncogenes ; Poly A/*isolation & purification/pharmacology/physiology ; RNA/*isolation & purification/pharmacology/physiology ; RNA, Messenger/*isolation & purification/pharmacology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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