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  • Animals  (7)
  • *Methane  (1)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (8)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 2005-2009  (7)
  • 1990-1994  (1)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (8)
  • Nature Publishing Group
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Microbiology. Mosquitoes cut short (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Read, Andrew F -- Thomas, Matthew B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):51-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1168659.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. a.read@psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119208" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/genetics/*microbiology/physiology/virology ; Animals ; Dengue/prevention & control/transmission ; Dengue Virus/*growth & development ; Female ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/genetics/*microbiology/physiology/virology ; Longevity ; Malaria/prevention & control/transmission ; Male ; Pest Control, Biological ; Selection, Genetic ; Virulence ; Wolbachia/genetics/pathogenicity/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Titan's atmospheric temperatures, winds, and composition (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-17
    Description: Temperatures obtained from early Cassini infrared observations of Titan show a stratopause at an altitude of 310 kilometers (and 186 kelvin at 15 degrees S). Stratospheric temperatures are coldest in the winter northern hemisphere, with zonal winds reaching 160 meters per second. The concentrations of several stratospheric organic compounds are enhanced at mid- and high northern latitudes, and the strong zonal winds may inhibit mixing between these latitudes and the rest of Titan. Above the south pole, temperatures in the stratosphere are 4 to 5 kelvin cooler than at the equator. The stratospheric mole fractions of methane and carbon monoxide are (1.6 +/- 0.5) x 10(-2) and (4.5 +/- 1.5) x 10(-5), respectively.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flasar, F M -- Achterberg, R K -- Conrath, B J -- Gierasch, P J -- Kunde, V G -- Nixon, C A -- Bjoraker, G L -- Jennings, D E -- Romani, P N -- Simon-Miller, A A -- Bezard, B -- Coustenis, A -- Irwin, P G J -- Teanby, N A -- Brasunas, J -- Pearl, J C -- Segura, M E -- Carlson, R C -- Mamoutkine, A -- Schinder, P J -- Barucci, A -- Courtin, R -- Fouchet, T -- Gautier, D -- Lellouch, E -- Marten, A -- Prange, R -- Vinatier, S -- Strobel, D F -- Calcutt, S B -- Read, P L -- Taylor, F W -- Bowles, N -- Samuelson, R E -- Orton, G S -- Spilker, L J -- Owen, T C -- Spencer, J R -- Showalter, M R -- Ferrari, C -- Abbas, M M -- Raulin, F -- Edgington, S -- Ade, P -- Wishnow, E H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 13;308(5724):975-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15894528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Carbon Monoxide ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Hydrocarbons ; *Methane ; *Nitriles ; *Saturn ; Spacecraft ; Temperature ; Wind
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Ecology. North Atlantic right whales in crisis (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kraus, Scott D -- Brown, Moira W -- Caswell, Hal -- Clark, Christopher W -- Fujiwara, Masami -- Hamilton, Philip K -- Kenney, Robert D -- Knowlton, Amy R -- Landry, Scott -- Mayo, Charles A -- McLellan, William A -- Moore, Michael J -- Nowacek, Douglas P -- Pabst, D Ann -- Read, Andrew J -- Rolland, Rosalind M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 22;309(5734):561-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Edgerton Research Laboratory, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA 02110-3399, USA. skraus@neaq.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16040692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; Fisheries ; Male ; Mortality ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Public Policy ; Reproduction ; Ships ; *Whales/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Soil invertebrates disrupt carbon flow through fungal networks (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-16
    Description: Annual carbon flux through soil respiration is ten times greater than fossil fuel combustion, but its component parts are poorly understood because they are the product of complex multitrophic interactions between soil organisms. A major component of carbon flux from plants to soil occurs through networks of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Here, using 13CO2 pulse labeling, we show that natural densities of the numerically dominant fungal feeding invertebrate Protaphorura armata (order Collembola) reduces 13C enrichment of mycorrhizosphere respiration by 32%. Our findings emphasize the importance of multitrophic interactions in regulating respiration of recent plant photosynthate from soil.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, David -- Krsek, Martin -- Wellington, Elizabeth M H -- Stott, Andrew W -- Cole, Lisa -- Bardgett, Richard D -- Read, David J -- Leake, Jonathan R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 12;309(5737):1047.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK. D.Johnson@abdn.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16099977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthropods/*physiology ; Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism ; Carbon Isotopes ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fatty Acids/analysis ; Feeding Behavior ; Food Chain ; Mycorrhizae/metabolism/*physiology ; Oxygen Consumption ; Phospholipids/analysis ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Scotland ; *Soil/analysis ; *Soil Microbiology ; Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Fungal pathogen reduces potential for malaria transmission (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-11
    Description: Using a rodent malaria model, we found that exposure to surfaces treated with fungal entomopathogens following an infectious blood meal reduced the number of mosquitoes able to transmit malaria by a factor of about 80. Fungal infection, achieved through contact with both solid surfaces and netting for durations well within the typical post-feed resting periods, was sufficient to cause 〉90% mortality. Daily mortality rates escalated dramatically around the time of sporozoite maturation, and infected mosquitoes showed reduced propensity to blood feed. Residual sprays of fungal biopesticides might replace or supplement chemical insecticides for malaria control, particularly in areas of high insecticide resistance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blanford, Simon -- Chan, Brian H K -- Jenkins, Nina -- Sim, Derek -- Turner, Ruth J -- Read, Andrew F -- Thomas, Matt B -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1638-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institutes of Evolution, Immunology, and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT Scotland, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/*microbiology/*parasitology/physiology ; Blood ; Feeding Behavior ; *Hypocreales/pathogenicity/physiology ; Insect Vectors/microbiology/parasitology/physiology ; Malaria/parasitology/prevention & control/*transmission ; Mice ; *Mitosporic Fungi/pathogenicity/physiology ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Plasmodium chabaudi/*growth & development/physiology ; Spores, Fungal ; Virulence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    GTF2IRD1 in craniofacial development of humans and mice (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-19
    Description: Craniofacial abnormalities account for about one-third of all human congenital defects, but our understanding of the genetic mechanisms governing craniofacial development is incomplete. We show that GTF2IRD1 is a genetic determinant of mammalian craniofacial and cognitive development, and we implicate another member of the TFII-I transcription factor family, GTF2I, in both aspects. Gtf2ird1-null mice exhibit phenotypic abnormalities reminiscent of the human microdeletion disorder Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS); craniofacial imaging reveals abnormalities in both skull and jaws that may arise through misregulation of goosecoid, a downstream target of Gtf2ird1. In humans, a rare WBS individual with an atypical deletion, including GTF2IRD1, shows facial dysmorphism and cognitive deficits that differ from those of classic WBS cases. We propose a mechanism of cumulative dosage effects of duplicated and diverged genes applicable to other human chromosomal disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tassabehji, May -- Hammond, Peter -- Karmiloff-Smith, Annette -- Thompson, Pamela -- Thorgeirsson, Snorri S -- Durkin, Marian E -- Popescu, Nicholas C -- Hutton, Timothy -- Metcalfe, Kay -- Rucka, Agnes -- Stewart, Helen -- Read, Andrew P -- Maconochie, Mark -- Donnai, Dian -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1184-7. Epub 2005 Nov 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Academic Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Manchester, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. m.tassabehji@manchester.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16293761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 ; Craniofacial Abnormalities/*genetics ; Face/*embryology ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Goosecoid Protein/genetics/physiology ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muscle Proteins/*physiology ; Nuclear Proteins/*physiology ; Skull/*embryology ; Trans-Activators/*physiology ; Transcription Factors, TFII/physiology ; Williams Syndrome/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    In vivo gene therapy of hemophilia B: sustained partial correction in factor IX-deficient dogs (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-10-01
    Description: The liver represents a model organ for gene therapy. A method has been developed for hepatic gene transfer in vivo by the direct infusion of recombinant retroviral vectors into the portal vasculature, which results in the persistent expression of exogenous genes. To determine if these technologies are applicable for the treatment of hemophilia B patients, preclinical efficacy studies were done in a hemophilia B dog model. When the canine factor IX complementary DNA was transduced directly into the hepatocytes of affected dogs in vivo, the animals constitutively expressed low levels of canine factor IX for more than 5 months. Persistent expression of the clotting factor resulted in reductions of whole blood clotting and partial thromboplastin times of the treated animals. Thus, long-term treatment of hemophilia B patients may be feasible by direct hepatic gene therapy in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kay, M A -- Rothenberg, S -- Landen, C N -- Bellinger, D A -- Leland, F -- Toman, C -- Finegold, M -- Thompson, A R -- Read, M S -- Brinkhous, K M -- DK 44080/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL 40162/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-01648-46/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Oct 1;262(5130):117-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8211118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Dogs ; Factor IX/analysis/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; *Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Hemophilia B/blood/genetics/*therapy ; Hepatectomy ; Liver/*metabolism ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Retroviridae/genetics ; Whole Blood Coagulation Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Disentangling genetic variation for resistance and tolerance to infectious diseases in animals (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-11-03
    Description: Hosts can in principle employ two different strategies to defend themselves against parasites: resistance and tolerance. Animals typically exhibit considerable genetic variation for resistance (the ability to limit parasite burden). However, little is known about whether animals can evolve tolerance (the ability to limit the damage caused by a given parasite burden). Using rodent malaria in laboratory mice as a model system and the statistical framework developed by plant-pathogen biologists, we demonstrated genetic variation for tolerance, as measured by the extent to which anemia and weight loss increased with increasing parasite burden. Moreover, resistance and tolerance were negatively genetically correlated. These results mean that animals, like plants, can evolve two conceptually different types of defense, a finding that has important implications for the understanding of the epidemiology and evolution of infectious diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raberg, Lars -- Sim, Derek -- Read, Andrew F -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 2;318(5851):812-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. lars.raberg@zooekol.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17975068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia/genetics/physiopathology ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Disease Models, Animal ; Erythrocyte Count ; *Genetic Variation ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Immunity, Innate/*genetics ; Malaria/*genetics/physiopathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; *Plasmodium chabaudi ; Statistics as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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