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  • Articles  (425)
  • 2005-2009  (226)
  • 1995-1999  (199)
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 393-402 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: PbZrxTi1−xO3 films have been grown heteroepitaxially onto (001)SrTiO3 and SrRuO3/(001)SrTiO3 by organometallic chemical vapor deposition. As a start, the microstructure of PbZrxTi1−xO3 films on (001)SrTiO3 was studied as a function of the zirconium fraction, x. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, including channeling experiments, and transmission electron microscopy have shown that the microstructure is dominated by the crystal structure of the PbZrxTi1−xO3. In the case of tetragonal PbZrxTi1−xO3 the films may contain a-axis oriented regions. These regions have not been observed for films with a composition giving a rhombohedral unit cell. Despite the rather large mismatch of rhombohedral PbZrxTi1−xO3 with the (001)SrTiO3, values as low as 4% for the minimum channeling yield have been obtained. For a rhombohedral film the ferroelectric properties have been measured. To this end a single crystalline PbZr0.8Ti0.2O3 film was grown onto (001)SrTiO3 provided with a heteroepitaxial SrRuO3 electrode grown by pulsed-laser deposition. A heteroepitaxial top electrode was grown onto the PbZrxTi1−xO3 using the same technique. The channeling minimum yield of the heteroepitaxial stack was 11%. The hysteresis loop saturates already at 1 V. Endurance up to 1012 cycles was observed without severe degradation of the ferroelectric properties. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 2136-2138 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors have been constructed with pentacene as the active semiconductor. The pentacene is processed by spin coating from a soluble precursor. A simple thermal conversion yields transistors with carrier mobilities as high as 9×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and current modulations of the order of 105. Depletion of charge is essential to the device operation. Data for an invertor exhibiting voltage amplification are presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 6289-6294 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Conductivity and field-effect mobility measurements using metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect-transistor devices and acceptor density measurements using metal-insulator- semiconductor (MIS) diodes are presented. The measurements were made on thin polymer films of the organic semiconductor, poly(β'-dodecyloxy-α,α',-α',α‘terthienyl), which were doped to different conductivities using 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) as an oxidizing agent. It is found that both the field-effect mobility and the conductivity of these films increases superlinearly upon doping while the transistor amplification, the on/off ratio, decreases. Acceptor densities as obtained from MIS diode measurements are in close agreement with the bulk charge density as calculated from the DDQ content. However, the product of this bulk charge density, field-effect mobility, and the elementary charge e is a factor of 100 larger than the polymer conductivity. This indicates that the average mobility for charge carriers in the bulk is considerably lower than the field-effect mobility. It is considered that the bulk charge carriers are trapped by the Coulomb interaction with their parent charge compensating counter-ions, whereas charges in accumulation have no associated counter-ions and, therefore, are more mobile. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 3537-3542 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The formation of a Schottky barrier between an eutectic (Ga,In) alloy and a highly doped thiophene oligomer is followed as a function of time using current density–voltage and capacitance–voltage measurements. Within 1 h, the diode characteristics change from almost nonrectifying, leaky behavior into a rectification ratio of 104 with a considerably reduced leakage current. Measurements and energy band diagram calculations show that the depletion width increases with time due to a decrease in the ionizable acceptor density of the semiconductor at the Schottky interface. This is probably caused by a chemical reaction between the in-diffusing metals and the doped oligomer. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 108-110 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A technology has been developed to make all polymer integrated circuits. It involves reproducible fabrication of field-effect transistors in which the semiconducting, conducting and insulating parts are all made of polymers. The fabrication on flexible substrates uses spin-coating of electrically active precursors and patternwise exposure of the deposited films. In the whole process stack integrity is maintained. Vertical interconnects are made mechanically. As a demonstrator functional 15-bit programmable code generators are fabricated. These circuits still operate when the foils are sharply bent. Due to the limited number of process steps the technology is potentially inexpensive. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 17219-17225 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 8734-8745 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Model systems of sodium iodide dissolved in dimethyl ether were studied in order to investigate the structural and dynamic properties of ionic solutions in small and polymeric ethers having low dielectric constants. Full molecular dynamics simulations were performed at ion charges ranging from 0.5 to 0.1 e, and an algorithm designed to assign ions to clusters and calculate all the terms contributing to ionic conductivity was implemented. Quantitative results were obtained for the contributions of various ionic species to the conductivity. These model systems are stable for ion charges at or below 0.3 e, and a maximum in conductivity is observed at 0.3 e. A range of ion cluster sizes is observed in each system, but the current giving rise to ionic conductivity is due primarily to the movement of free ions and the relative movement of ions within loosely bound pairs. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 8746-8755 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular dynamics simulations of sodium iodide dissolved in dimethyl ether or 1,2-dimethoxyethane (glyme) were studied at a range of salt concentrations. The interactions among the species were represented with Lennard-Jones and Coulomb forces. Dimethyl ether and glyme were represented by a rigid three-site model and a six-site model with flexible dihedral angles, respectively. Glyme is demonstrated to be a much better solvent than dimethyl ether, although both are low-dielectric solvents. At the highest concentration studied in glyme, which corresponds to an oxygen/cation ratio of 16:1, free ions make up about 50% of the total ion concentration, and neutral pairs make up about 20%. A quantitative analysis of the species important in conductivity shows that the current is primarily the result of the movement of free ions and the relative movement of ions within loosely bound ion pairs. At higher salt concentrations, many different ionic species can make contributions to the conductivity. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 2828-2836 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed for methanol/carbon tetrachloride mixtures over the whole composition range at 323 K and zero pressure. The OPLS (optimized potentials for liquid simulation) potential energy parameters by Jorgensen were used to model the methanol potential. Both a non-polarizable carbon tetrachloride model taken from McDonald, Bounds, and Klein [Mol. Phys. 45, 521 (1982)] as well as a polarizable model were used. The latter model was devised by combining the model of McDonald, Bounds, and Klein with the atomic polarizabilities proposed by Applequist, Carl, and Fung [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 2952 (1972)]. We show that the role of the methanol–carbon tetrachloride interactions are very important in discussing the thermodynamic mixing properties. In order to reproduce the asymmetric behavior of the excess enthalpies with respect to composition it is necessary to include the non-additive polarization interaction. The structure and especially hydrogen bonding properties are discussed. Radial distribution functions show a strong tendency of methanol to preserve the local order similar to the one in the pure fluid. The deviations from random mixing are more pronounced at the lower mole fractions. This is explained by a frustration model. At low methanol concentrations the molecules get more freedom to align themselves in energetically favorable (hydrogen bonded) configurations. Throughout the composition range, the majority of the methanol molecules is found to be engaged in two hydrogen bond, As in the pure fluid, this leads to the pattern of hydrogen bonded winding chains. Upon dilution the degree of cross-linking between the chains diminishes whereas the free monomer fraction rises. Furthermore a significant number of the remaining chains close to form cyclic polymers. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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