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  • 1
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    Recent segmental duplications in the human genome (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-10
    Description: Primate-specific segmental duplications are considered important in human disease and evolution. The inability to distinguish between allelic and duplication sequence overlap has hampered their characterization as well as assembly and annotation of our genome. We developed a method whereby each public sequence is analyzed at the clone level for overrepresentation within a whole-genome shotgun sequence. This test has the ability to detect duplications larger than 15 kilobases irrespective of copy number, location, or high sequence similarity. We mapped 169 large regions flanked by highly similar duplications. Twenty-four of these hot spots of genomic instability have been associated with genetic disease. Our analysis indicates a highly nonrandom chromosomal and genic distribution of recent segmental duplications, with a likely role in expanding protein diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bailey, Jeffrey A -- Gu, Zhiping -- Clark, Royden A -- Reinert, Knut -- Samonte, Rhea V -- Schwartz, Stuart -- Adams, Mark D -- Myers, Eugene W -- Li, Peter W -- Eichler, Evan E -- CA094816/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM58815/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG002318/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):1003-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Center for Computational Genomics, and Center for Human Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Exons ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; *Gene Duplication ; Gene Rearrangement ; *Genes, Duplicate ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proteome ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Alignment
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Strand-specific postreplicative processing of mammalian telomeres (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-29
    Description: Telomeres are specialized nucleoprotein structures that stabilize the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. In mammalian cells, abrogation of telomeric repeat binding factor TRF2 or DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) activity causes end-to-end chromosomal fusion, thus establishing an essential role for these proteins in telomere function. Here we show that TRF2-mediated end-capping occurs after telomere replication. The postreplicative requirement for TRF2 and DNA-PKcs, the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK, is confined to only half of the telomeres, namely, those that were produced by leading-strand DNA synthesis. These results demonstrate a crucial difference in postreplicative processing of telomeres that is linked to their mode of replication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bailey, S M -- Cornforth, M N -- Kurimasa, A -- Chen, D J -- Goodwin, E H -- AG-917709/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- CA50519/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA76260/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 28;293(5539):2462-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11577237" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Chromatids/physiology/ultrastructure ; Chromosomes/physiology/ultrastructure ; *DNA Replication ; DNA-Activated Protein Kinase ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Mice ; Mitosis ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency/metabolism ; Telomere/*metabolism ; Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2 ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Evolved Gas Analysis at Mars Ambient Conditions Using the Thermal Evolved Gas Analyser (TEGA) (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) combined with evolved gas analysis (EGA) is a well developed technique for the analysis of a wide variety of sample types with broad application in material and soil sciences. However, the use of the technique for samples under conditions of pressure and temperature as found on other planets is one of current development and cutting edge research. The Thermal Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA), which was designed, built and tested at the University of Arizona's Lunar and Planetary Lab (LPL), utilizes DSC/EGA. TEGA, which was sent to Mars on the ill-fated Mars Polar Lander, was to be the first application of DSC/EGA on the surface of Mars as well as the first direct measurement of the volatile-bearing mineralogy in martian soil. Additional information is available in the original extended abstract.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration; 133-134; LPI-Contrib-1057
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  • 4
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    The Search for Water and Other Volatiles in Martian Surface Materials: The Thermal Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA) (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Volatile-bearing minerals and phases (e.g., Fe-oxyhydroxides, phyllosilicates, carbonates, sulfates, palagonites, glasses) may be important components of the Martian regolith. However, essentially no information exists on the mineralogical composition of volatile-bearing phases in the regolith. The Thermal Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA), which was part of the Mars Polar Lander payload, was to determine the abundances of two of the most important volatile compounds (i.e., water and carbon dioxide) in the martian soil and to identify the minerals or phases that harbor these volatiles. The TEGA instrument was composed of a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) interfaced with evolved gas analysis (EGA). The EGA consisted of a Herriott cell of a tunable-diode laser (TDL) spectrometer that determines CO2 and H2O abundances. The sample chamber was to operate at about 100 mbar (-76 torr) with a N2 carrier gas flow of 0.4 sccm. Specifications of TEGA are described in detail elsewhere in this volume.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration; Part 2; 225-226; LPI-Contrib-1062-Pt-2
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  • 5
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    Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Evolved Gas Analysis at Mars Ambient Conditions Using the Thermal Evolved Gas Analyser (TEGA) (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: We are conducting DSC/EGA experiments at Mars ambient temperature and pressure using the TEGA engineering model. These tests illustrate the outstanding capabilities of a TEGA-like instrument on the surface of Mars.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXI; LPI-Contrib-1000
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  • 6
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    Hypervelocity Microparticle Impact Studies: Simulating Cosmic Dust Impacts on the Dustbuster (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Iron and copper microparticles accelerated to 2-20 km/s in a 2 MV Van de Graaff accelerator were used to test a recently-developed cosmic dust mass spectrometer, known as the Dustbuster. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIII; LPI-Contrib-1109
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  • 7
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    Metal/Silicate Partitioning of P, Ga, and W at High Pressures and Temperatures: Dependence on Silicate Melt Composition (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: The distinctive pattern of element concentrations in the upper mantle provides essential evidence in our attempts to understand the accretion and differentiation of the Earth (e.g., Drake and Righter, 2002; Jones and Drake, 1986; Righter et al., 1997; Wanke 1981). Core formation is best investigated through use of metal/silicate partition coefficients for siderophile elements. The variables influencing partition coefficients are temperature, pressure, the major element compositions of the silicate and metal phases, and oxygen fugacity. Examples of studies investigating the effects of these variables on partitioning behavior are: composition of the metal phase by Capobianco et al. (1999) and Righter et al. (1997); silicate melt composition by Watson (1976), Walter and Thibault (1995), Hillgren et al. (1996), Jana and Walker (1997), and Jaeger and Drake (2000); and oxygen fugacity by Capobianco et al. (1999), and Walter and Thibault (1995). Here we address the relative influences of silicate melt composition, pressure and temperature.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Terrestrial Planets: Building Blocks and Differentiation; LPI-Contrib-1197
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  • 8
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    MN Carbonates in the Martian Meteorite Nakhla: Possible Evidence of Brine Evaporation (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: The importance of secondary phases in martian meteorites lies in their potential to provide clues about the martian environments responsible for their formation. During this study, we analyzed a number of carbonate-bearing fracture surfaces from the Nakhla meteorite. Here we describe the physical and chemical properties of several manganese-calcium-rich siderites. Additionally, we describe a potential model for the formation and alteration of these carbonates, and we suggest constraints on the conditions responsible for their precipitation. Nakhla is an olivine-bearing clinopyroxenite with minor amounts of feldspar, FeS, and Fe oxides. Secondary mineral assemblages include vein filling clay with embedded iron oxides, a calcium sulfate, amorphous silica, chlorapatite, halite and carbonates. Bridges and Grady suggested that the carbonates in Nakhla formed from brine evaporation. Isotope studies of the Mn rich siderite are also consistent with formation from hydrothermal fluids with an upper T constraint of ~170 C.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-CN-7833 , Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIV; LPI-Contrib-1156
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  • 9
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    Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Evolved Gas Analysis at Mars Ambient Conditions Using the Thermal Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA) (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) combined with evolved gas analysis (EGA) is a well developed technique for the analysis of a wide variety of sample types with broad application in material and soil sciences. However, the use of the technique for samples under conditions of pressure and temperature as found on other planets is one of current C development and cutting edge research. The Thermal Evolved Gas Analyzer (MGA), which was designed, built and tested at the University of Arizona's Lunar and Planetary Lab (LPL), utilizes DSC/EGA. TEGA, which was sent to Mars on the ill-fated Mars Polar Lander, was to be the first application of DSC/EGA on the surface of Mars as well as the first direct measurement of the volatile-bearing mineralogy in martian soil.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science; Mar 13, 2000 - Mar 17, 2000; Houston, TX; United States
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  • 10
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    Distinctive Carbonates in Five Martian Meteorites: Search for Water on Mars (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: Recently published results from Mars orbital data strongly support both the idea that large bodies of water were present at the surface in the past and the possibility that significant amounts of water ice are currently present in the regolith just below the planet's surface. These new findings increase the significance of the evidence in martian meteorites that some low-temperature aqueous alteration and secondary mineral deposition occurred on Mars.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Paper 12639 , JSC-CN-7745 , Living Links Through Time and Space: Meeting the Challenges of Interdisciplinary Science; 373-374
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