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  • 11
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-10-16
    Beschreibung: World governments have committed to halting human-induced extinctions and safeguarding important sites for biodiversity by 2020, but the financial costs of meeting these targets are largely unknown. We estimate the cost of reducing the extinction risk of all globally threatened bird species (by 〉/=1 International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List category) to be U.S. $0.875 to $1.23 billion annually over the next decade, of which 12% is currently funded. Incorporating threatened nonavian species increases this total to U.S. $3.41 to $4.76 billion annually. We estimate that protecting and effectively managing all terrestrial sites of global avian conservation significance (11,731 Important Bird Areas) would cost U.S. $65.1 billion annually. Adding sites for other taxa increases this to U.S. $76.1 billion annually. Meeting these targets will require conservation funding to increase by at least an order of magnitude.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCarthy, Donal P -- Donald, Paul F -- Scharlemann, Jorn P W -- Buchanan, Graeme M -- Balmford, Andrew -- Green, Jonathan M H -- Bennun, Leon A -- Burgess, Neil D -- Fishpool, Lincoln D C -- Garnett, Stephen T -- Leonard, David L -- Maloney, Richard F -- Morling, Paul -- Schaefer, H Martin -- Symes, Andy -- Wiedenfeld, David A -- Butchart, Stuart H M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 16;338(6109):946-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1229803. Epub 2012 Oct 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉BirdLife International, Wellbrook Court, Cambridge CB3 0NA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23065904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds ; *Capital Financing ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Extinction, Biological ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-05-01
    Beschreibung: In 2002, world leaders committed, through the Convention on Biological Diversity, to achieve a significant reduction in the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010. We compiled 31 indicators to report on progress toward this target. Most indicators of the state of biodiversity (covering species' population trends, extinction risk, habitat extent and condition, and community composition) showed declines, with no significant recent reductions in rate, whereas indicators of pressures on biodiversity (including resource consumption, invasive alien species, nitrogen pollution, overexploitation, and climate change impacts) showed increases. Despite some local successes and increasing responses (including extent and biodiversity coverage of protected areas, sustainable forest management, policy responses to invasive alien species, and biodiversity-related aid), the rate of biodiversity loss does not appear to be slowing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Butchart, Stuart H M -- Walpole, Matt -- Collen, Ben -- van Strien, Arco -- Scharlemann, Jorn P W -- Almond, Rosamunde E A -- Baillie, Jonathan E M -- Bomhard, Bastian -- Brown, Claire -- Bruno, John -- Carpenter, Kent E -- Carr, Genevieve M -- Chanson, Janice -- Chenery, Anna M -- Csirke, Jorge -- Davidson, Nick C -- Dentener, Frank -- Foster, Matt -- Galli, Alessandro -- Galloway, James N -- Genovesi, Piero -- Gregory, Richard D -- Hockings, Marc -- Kapos, Valerie -- Lamarque, Jean-Francois -- Leverington, Fiona -- Loh, Jonathan -- McGeoch, Melodie A -- McRae, Louise -- Minasyan, Anahit -- Hernandez Morcillo, Monica -- Oldfield, Thomasina E E -- Pauly, Daniel -- Quader, Suhel -- Revenga, Carmen -- Sauer, John R -- Skolnik, Benjamin -- Spear, Dian -- Stanwell-Smith, Damon -- Stuart, Simon N -- Symes, Andy -- Tierney, Megan -- Tyrrell, Tristan D -- Vie, Jean-Christophe -- Watson, Reg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 28;328(5982):1164-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1187512. Epub 2010 Apr 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. stuart.butchart@birdlife.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20430971" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Anthozoa ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/trends ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; *Internationality ; Plants ; Population Dynamics ; Time Factors ; Trees ; Vertebrates
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-06-08
    Beschreibung: The intestinal microflora, typically equated with bacteria, influences diseases such as obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. Here, we show that the mammalian gut contains a rich fungal community that interacts with the immune system through the innate immune receptor Dectin-1. Mice lacking Dectin-1 exhibited increased susceptibility to chemically induced colitis, which was the result of altered responses to indigenous fungi. In humans, we identified a polymorphism in the gene for Dectin-1 (CLEC7A) that is strongly linked to a severe form of ulcerative colitis. Together, our findings reveal a eukaryotic fungal community in the gut (the "mycobiome") that coexists with bacteria and substantially expands the repertoire of organisms interacting with the intestinal immune system to influence health and disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3432565/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3432565/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iliev, Iliyan D -- Funari, Vincent A -- Taylor, Kent D -- Nguyen, Quoclinh -- Reyes, Christopher N -- Strom, Samuel P -- Brown, Jordan -- Becker, Courtney A -- Fleshner, Phillip R -- Dubinsky, Marla -- Rotter, Jerome I -- Wang, Hanlin L -- McGovern, Dermot P B -- Brown, Gordon D -- Underhill, David M -- 086558/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- AI071116/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01-DK046763/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK093426/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR033176/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000124/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- UL1RR033176/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 8;336(6086):1314-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1221789. Epub 2012 Jun 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22674328" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antibodies, Fungal/blood ; Candida tropicalis/immunology/isolation & purification/pathogenicity/physiology ; Colitis, Ulcerative/chemically induced/*immunology/*microbiology ; Colon/immunology/*microbiology ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Dextran Sulfate ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; Fungi/classification/*immunology/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology/*microbiology ; Intestines/immunology/microbiology ; Lectins, C-Type/deficiency/*genetics/*metabolism ; Metagenome ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-10-05
    Beschreibung: Interpreting variants, especially noncoding ones, in the increasing number of personal genomes is challenging. We used patterns of polymorphisms in functionally annotated regions in 1092 humans to identify deleterious variants; then we experimentally validated candidates. We analyzed both coding and noncoding regions, with the former corroborating the latter. We found regions particularly sensitive to mutations ("ultrasensitive") and variants that are disruptive because of mechanistic effects on transcription-factor binding (that is, "motif-breakers"). We also found variants in regions with higher network centrality tend to be deleterious. Insertions and deletions followed a similar pattern to single-nucleotide variants, with some notable exceptions (e.g., certain deletions and enhancers). On the basis of these patterns, we developed a computational tool (FunSeq), whose application to ~90 cancer genomes reveals nearly a hundred candidate noncoding drivers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3947637/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3947637/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Khurana, Ekta -- Fu, Yao -- Colonna, Vincenza -- Mu, Xinmeng Jasmine -- Kang, Hyun Min -- Lappalainen, Tuuli -- Sboner, Andrea -- Lochovsky, Lucas -- Chen, Jieming -- Harmanci, Arif -- Das, Jishnu -- Abyzov, Alexej -- Balasubramanian, Suganthi -- Beal, Kathryn -- Chakravarty, Dimple -- Challis, Daniel -- Chen, Yuan -- Clarke, Declan -- Clarke, Laura -- Cunningham, Fiona -- Evani, Uday S -- Flicek, Paul -- Fragoza, Robert -- Garrison, Erik -- Gibbs, Richard -- Gumus, Zeynep H -- Herrero, Javier -- Kitabayashi, Naoki -- Kong, Yong -- Lage, Kasper -- Liluashvili, Vaja -- Lipkin, Steven M -- MacArthur, Daniel G -- Marth, Gabor -- Muzny, Donna -- Pers, Tune H -- Ritchie, Graham R S -- Rosenfeld, Jeffrey A -- Sisu, Cristina -- Wei, Xiaomu -- Wilson, Michael -- Xue, Yali -- Yu, Fuli -- 1000 Genomes Project Consortium -- Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T -- Yu, Haiyuan -- Rubin, Mark A -- Tyler-Smith, Chris -- Gerstein, Mark -- 085532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095908/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- CA167824/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- G12 MD007579/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/ -- G12 RR003050/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- GM104424/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG005718/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG007000/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P20 MD006899/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA166661/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002898/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA152057/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01HG4719/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA111275/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG005718/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG6513/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U41 HG007000/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000457/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- WT085532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- WT095908/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 4;342(6154):1235587. doi: 10.1126/science.1235587.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24092746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Binding Sites/genetics ; *Genetic Variation ; Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Annotation/*methods ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Population/genetics ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-01-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Butchart, Stuart H M -- McCarthy, Donal P -- Balmford, Andrew -- Bennun, Leon A -- Buchanan, Graeme M -- Burgess, Neil D -- Donald, Paul F -- Fishpool, Lincoln D C -- Garnett, Stephen T -- Leonard, David L -- Maloney, Richard F -- Schaefer, H Martin -- Scharlemann, Jorn P W -- Symes, Andy -- Wiedenfeld, David A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 18;339(6117):271-2. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6117.271-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23329031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds ; *Capital Financing ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; *Extinction, Biological ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-13
    Beschreibung: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is an inhibitory receptor found on immune cells. The consequences of mutations in CTLA4 in humans are unknown. We identified germline heterozygous mutations in CTLA4 in subjects with severe immune dysregulation from four unrelated families. Whereas Ctla4 heterozygous mice have no obvious phenotype, human CTLA4 haploinsufficiency caused dysregulation of FoxP3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells, hyperactivation of effector T cells, and lymphocytic infiltration of target organs. Patients also exhibited progressive loss of circulating B cells, associated with an increase of predominantly autoreactive CD21(lo) B cells and accumulation of B cells in nonlymphoid organs. Inherited human CTLA4 haploinsufficiency demonstrates a critical quantitative role for CTLA-4 in governing T and B lymphocyte homeostasis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4371526/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4371526/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuehn, Hye Sun -- Ouyang, Weiming -- Lo, Bernice -- Deenick, Elissa K -- Niemela, Julie E -- Avery, Danielle T -- Schickel, Jean-Nicolas -- Tran, Dat Q -- Stoddard, Jennifer -- Zhang, Yu -- Frucht, David M -- Dumitriu, Bogdan -- Scheinberg, Phillip -- Folio, Les R -- Frein, Cathleen A -- Price, Susan -- Koh, Christopher -- Heller, Theo -- Seroogy, Christine M -- Huttenlocher, Anna -- Rao, V Koneti -- Su, Helen C -- Kleiner, David -- Notarangelo, Luigi D -- Rampertaap, Yajesh -- Olivier, Kenneth N -- McElwee, Joshua -- Hughes, Jason -- Pittaluga, Stefania -- Oliveira, Joao B -- Meffre, Eric -- Fleisher, Thomas A -- Holland, Steven M -- Lenardo, Michael J -- Tangye, Stuart G -- Uzel, Gulbu -- 5R01HL113304-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- AI061093/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI071087/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI095848/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HHSN261200800001E/PHS HHS/ -- P01 AI061093/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI071087/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL113304/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI095848/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 26;345(6204):1623-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1255904. Epub 2014 Sep 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. tfleishe@cc.nih.gov lenardo@nih.gov guzel@niaid.nih.gov. ; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. tfleishe@cc.nih.gov lenardo@nih.gov guzel@niaid.nih.gov. ; Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. NIAID Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. tfleishe@cc.nih.gov lenardo@nih.gov guzel@niaid.nih.gov. ; Immunology and Immunodeficiency Group, Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. St. Vincent's Clinical School Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Immunology and Immunodeficiency Group, Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. ; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; NIAID Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Immunological Diseases Unit, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Radiology and Imaging and Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Clinical Research Directorate, Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. ; Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. NIAID Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. ; Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Division of Immunology and Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 10217, USA. ; Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Boston, MA 02130, USA. ; Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira-IMIP, 50070 Recife-PE, Brazil. ; NIAID Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. tfleishe@cc.nih.gov lenardo@nih.gov guzel@niaid.nih.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25213377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CTLA-4 Antigen/*genetics ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; *Haploinsufficiency ; Humans ; Immune System Diseases/*genetics ; Immunity/*genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Pedigree ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-07-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grayson, D K -- Meltzer, D J -- Buikstra, J E -- Flannery, K V -- Fowler, C S -- Marcus, J -- O'Connell, J F -- Piperno, D R -- Sabloff, J A -- Smith, B D -- Thomas, D H -- Willerslev, E -- Zeder, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):390. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6195.390-b. Epub 2014 Jul 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology and Quaternary Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98185, USA. grayson@uw.edu. ; Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA. ; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ; Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA. ; Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. ; Program in Human Ecology and Archaeobiology and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (Panama), National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA. ; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA. ; Program in Human Ecology and Archaeobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA. ; Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biological Evolution ; Humans ; Indians, North American/*genetics ; *Skeleton
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-22
    Beschreibung: We introduce the antibody landscape, a method for the quantitative analysis of antibody-mediated immunity to antigenically variable pathogens, achieved by accounting for antigenic variation among pathogen strains. We generated antibody landscapes to study immune profiles covering 43 years of influenza A/H3N2 virus evolution for 69 individuals monitored for infection over 6 years and for 225 individuals pre- and postvaccination. Upon infection and vaccination, titers increased broadly, including previously encountered viruses far beyond the extent of cross-reactivity observed after a primary infection. We explored implications for vaccination and found that the use of an antigenically advanced virus had the dual benefit of inducing antibodies against both advanced and previous antigenic clusters. These results indicate that preemptive vaccine updates may improve influenza vaccine efficacy in previously exposed individuals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4246172/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4246172/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fonville, J M -- Wilks, S H -- James, S L -- Fox, A -- Ventresca, M -- Aban, M -- Xue, L -- Jones, T C -- Le, N M H -- Pham, Q T -- Tran, N D -- Wong, Y -- Mosterin, A -- Katzelnick, L C -- Labonte, D -- Le, T T -- van der Net, G -- Skepner, E -- Russell, C A -- Kaplan, T D -- Rimmelzwaan, G F -- Masurel, N -- de Jong, J C -- Palache, A -- Beyer, W E P -- Le, Q M -- Nguyen, T H -- Wertheim, H F L -- Hurt, A C -- Osterhaus, A D M E -- Barr, I G -- Fouchier, R A M -- Horby, P W -- Smith, D J -- 087982/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 089276/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- DP1-OD000490-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- HHSN266200700010C/PHS HHS/ -- HHSN272201400008C/PHS HHS/ -- MR/K021885/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- WT087982MA/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 21;346(6212):996-1000. doi: 10.1126/science.1256427.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, Netherlands. ; Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. ; Oxford University Clinical Research Unit and Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam. ; Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. ; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia. ; National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam. ; Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK. ; Insect Biomechanics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. ; Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, Netherlands. ; World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK. ; bobblewire.com, Saint Louis, MO 63112, USA. ; Abbott Laboratories, Weesp 1380 DA, Netherlands. ; Oxford University Clinical Research Unit and Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam. Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK. ; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia. Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia. ; Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, Netherlands. dsmith@zoo.cam.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25414313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Antibodies, Viral/blood/*immunology ; Antigenic Variation/genetics/immunology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics/*immunology ; Influenza Vaccines/*immunology ; Influenza, Human/blood/*immunology/prevention & control ; *Vaccination
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-01-16
    Beschreibung: Artemisinin is a plant natural product produced by Artemisia annua and the active ingredient in the most effective treatment for malaria. Efforts to eradicate malaria are increasing demand for an affordable, high-quality, robust supply of artemisinin. We performed deep sequencing on the transcriptome of A. annua to identify genes and markers for fast-track breeding. Extensive genetic variation enabled us to build a detailed genetic map with nine linkage groups. Replicated field trials resulted in a quantitative trait loci (QTL) map that accounts for a significant amount of the variation in key traits controlling artemisinin yield. Enrichment for positive QTLs in parents of new high-yielding hybrids confirms that the knowledge and tools to convert A. annua into a robust crop are now available.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Graham, Ian A -- Besser, Katrin -- Blumer, Susan -- Branigan, Caroline A -- Czechowski, Tomasz -- Elias, Luisa -- Guterman, Inna -- Harvey, David -- Isaac, Peter G -- Khan, Awais M -- Larson, Tony R -- Li, Yi -- Pawson, Tanya -- Penfield, Teresa -- Rae, Anne M -- Rathbone, Deborah A -- Reid, Sonja -- Ross, Joe -- Smallwood, Margaret F -- Segura, Vincent -- Townsend, Theresa -- Vyas, Darshna -- Winzer, Thilo -- Bowles, Dianna -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 15;327(5963):328-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1182612.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5YW, UK. iag1@york.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20075252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Antimalarials/*metabolism ; Artemisia/*genetics/*metabolism ; Artemisinins/*metabolism ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA, Complementary ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Genes, Plant ; Genetic Association Studies ; Humans ; Malaria/drug therapy ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Quantitative Trait Loci ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-05-08
    Beschreibung: Neandertals, the closest evolutionary relatives of present-day humans, lived in large parts of Europe and western Asia before disappearing 30,000 years ago. We present a draft sequence of the Neandertal genome composed of more than 4 billion nucleotides from three individuals. Comparisons of the Neandertal genome to the genomes of five present-day humans from different parts of the world identify a number of genomic regions that may have been affected by positive selection in ancestral modern humans, including genes involved in metabolism and in cognitive and skeletal development. We show that Neandertals shared more genetic variants with present-day humans in Eurasia than with present-day humans in sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting that gene flow from Neandertals into the ancestors of non-Africans occurred before the divergence of Eurasian groups from each other.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, Richard E -- Krause, Johannes -- Briggs, Adrian W -- Maricic, Tomislav -- Stenzel, Udo -- Kircher, Martin -- Patterson, Nick -- Li, Heng -- Zhai, Weiwei -- Fritz, Markus Hsi-Yang -- Hansen, Nancy F -- Durand, Eric Y -- Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo -- Jensen, Jeffrey D -- Marques-Bonet, Tomas -- Alkan, Can -- Prufer, Kay -- Meyer, Matthias -- Burbano, Hernan A -- Good, Jeffrey M -- Schultz, Rigo -- Aximu-Petri, Ayinuer -- Butthof, Anne -- Hober, Barbara -- Hoffner, Barbara -- Siegemund, Madlen -- Weihmann, Antje -- Nusbaum, Chad -- Lander, Eric S -- Russ, Carsten -- Novod, Nathaniel -- Affourtit, Jason -- Egholm, Michael -- Verna, Christine -- Rudan, Pavao -- Brajkovic, Dejana -- Kucan, Zeljko -- Gusic, Ivan -- Doronichev, Vladimir B -- Golovanova, Liubov V -- Lalueza-Fox, Carles -- de la Rasilla, Marco -- Fortea, Javier -- Rosas, Antonio -- Schmitz, Ralf W -- Johnson, Philip L F -- Eichler, Evan E -- Falush, Daniel -- Birney, Ewan -- Mullikin, James C -- Slatkin, Montgomery -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Kelso, Janet -- Lachmann, Michael -- Reich, David -- Paabo, Svante -- GM40282/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 7;328(5979):710-22. doi: 10.1126/science.1188021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. green@eva.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20448178" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Animals ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Bone and Bones ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Extinction, Biological ; Female ; *Fossils ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Flow ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Haplotypes ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Alignment ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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