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  • 1
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    Probing vacancy behavior across complex oxide heterointerfaces (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Oxygen vacancies (〈f〉VO••〈/f〉) play a critical role as defects in complex oxides in establishing functionality in systems including memristors, all-oxide electronics, and electrochemical cells that comprise metal-insulator-metal or complex oxide heterostructure configurations. Improving oxide-oxide interfaces necessitates a direct, spatial understanding of vacancy distributions that define electrochemically active regions. We show vacancies deplete over micrometer-level distances in Nb-doped SrTiO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 (Nb:SrTiO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉) substrates due to deposition and post-annealing processes. We convert the surface potential across a strontium titanate/yttria-stabilized zirconia (STO/YSZ) heterostructured film to spatial (T = 500°C) in situ scanning probes and semiconductor analysis. Oxygen scavenging occurring during pulsed laser deposition reduces Nb:STO substantially, which partially reoxidizes in an oxygen-rich environment upon cooling. These results (i) introduce the means to spatially resolve quantitative vacancy distributions across oxide films and (ii) indicate the mechanisms by which oxide thin films enhance and then deplete vacancies within the underlying substrate.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    The gut microbiome from patients with schizophrenia modulates the glutamate-glutamine-GABA cycle and schizophrenia-relevant behaviors in mice (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a devastating mental disorder with poorly defined underlying molecular mechanisms. The gut microbiome can modulate brain function and behaviors through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Here, we found that unmedicated and medicated patients with SCZ had a decreased microbiome α-diversity index and marked disturbances of gut microbial composition versus healthy controls (HCs). Several unique bacterial taxa (e.g., Veillonellaceae and Lachnospiraceae) were associated with SCZ severity. A specific microbial panel (Aerococcaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Brucellaceae, Pasteurellaceae, and Rikenellaceae) enabled discriminating patients with SCZ from HCs with 0.769 area under the curve. Compared to HCs, germ-free mice receiving SCZ microbiome fecal transplants had lower glutamate and higher glutamine and GABA in the hippocampus and displayed SCZ-relevant behaviors similar to other mouse models of SCZ involving glutamatergic hypofunction. Together, our findings suggest that the SCZ microbiome itself can alter neurochemistry and neurologic function in ways that may be relevant to SCZ pathology.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    The structure of cbb3 cytochrome oxidase provides insights into proton pumping (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-06-26
    Description: The heme-copper oxidases (HCOs) accomplish the key event of aerobic respiration; they couple O2 reduction and transmembrane proton pumping. To gain new insights into the still enigmatic process, we structurally characterized a C-family HCO--essential for the pathogenicity of many bacteria--that differs from the two other HCO families, A and B, that have been structurally analyzed. The x-ray structure of the C-family cbb3 oxidase from Pseudomonas stutzeri at 3.2 angstrom resolution shows an electron supply system different from families A and B. Like family-B HCOs, C HCOs have only one pathway, which conducts protons via an alternative tyrosine-histidine cross-link. Structural differences around hemes b and b3 suggest a different redox-driven proton-pumping mechanism and provide clues to explain the higher activity of family-C HCOs at low oxygen concentrations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buschmann, Sabine -- Warkentin, Eberhard -- Xie, Hao -- Langer, Julian D -- Ermler, Ulrich -- Michel, Hartmut -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):327-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1187303. Epub 2010 Jun 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Biophysik, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 3, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20576851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Electron Transport ; Electron Transport Complex IV/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Heme/chemistry ; Histidine/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Periplasm/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proton Pumps/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Protons ; Pseudomonas stutzeri/*enzymology ; Tyrosine/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Transformation of alcohols to esters promoted by hydrogen bonds using oxygen as the oxidant under metal-free conditions (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉One-pot oxidative transformation of alcohols into esters is very attractive, but metal-based catalysts are used in the reported routes. We discovered that the basic ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM] OAc) could effectively catalyze this kind of reaction using O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 as an oxidant without any other catalysts or additives. The oxidative self-esterification of benzylic alcohols or aliphatic alcohols and cross-esterification between benzyl alcohols and aliphatic alcohols could all be achieved with high yields. Detailed study revealed that the cation with acidic proton and basic acetate anion could simultaneously form multiple hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of the alcohols, which catalyzed the reaction very effectively. As far as we know, this is the first work to carry out this kind of reaction under metal-free conditions.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Light emission from silicon (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-04-02
    Description: The possibility induction of light emission from silicon, an indirect bandgap material in which radiative transitions are unlikely, raises several interesting and technologically important possibilities, especially the fabrication of a truly integrated optoelectronic microchip. In this article, the natural considerations that constrain silicon from emitting light efficiently are examined, as are several engineered solutions to this limitation. These include intrinsic and alloy-induced luminescence; radiatively active impurities; quantum-confined structures, including zone folding and the recent developments in porous silicon; and a hybrid approach, the integration of direct bandgap materials onto silicon.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iyer, S S -- Xie, Y H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Apr 2;260(5104):40-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17793532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Fuel-powered artificial muscles (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-18
    Description: Artificial muscles and electric motors found in autonomous robots and prosthetic limbs are typically battery-powered, which severely restricts the duration of their performance and can necessitate long inactivity during battery recharge. To help solve these problems, we demonstrated two types of artificial muscles that convert the chemical energy of high-energy-density fuels to mechanical energy. The first type stores electrical charge and uses changes in stored charge for mechanical actuation. In contrast with electrically powered electrochemical muscles, only half of the actuator cycle is electrochemical. The second type of fuel-powered muscle provides a demonstrated actuator stroke and power density comparable to those of natural skeletal muscle and generated stresses that are over a hundred times higher.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ebron, Von Howard -- Yang, Zhiwei -- Seyer, Daniel J -- Kozlov, Mikhail E -- Oh, Jiyoung -- Xie, Hui -- Razal, Joselito -- Hall, Lee J -- Ferraris, John P -- Macdiarmid, Alan G -- Baughman, Ray H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 17;311(5767):1580-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083-0688, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16543453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Artificial Organs ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; *Biomimetic Materials ; Bionics ; Electric Power Supplies ; Electrochemistry ; *Electrodes ; Hydrogen/chemistry ; Lifting ; *Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; *Nanotubes, Carbon ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/chemistry ; Robotics ; Stress, Mechanical
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Stratified ubiquitination of RIG-I creates robust immune response and induces selective gene expression (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-23
    Description: The activation of retinoic acid–inducible gene I (RIG-I), an indispensable viral RNA sensor in mammals, is subtly regulated by ubiquitination. Although multiple ubiquitination sites at the amino terminus of RIG-I have been identified, their functional allocations in RIG-I activation remain elusive. We identified a stratified model for RIG-I amino-terminal ubiquitination, in which initiation at either Lys 164 or Lys 172 allows subsequent ubiquitination at other lysines, to trigger and amplify RIG-I activation. Experimental and mathematical modeling showed that multisite ubiquitination provides robustness in RIG-I–mediated type I interferon (IFN) signaling. Furthermore, the flexibly controlled ultrasensitivity and IFN activation intensity determine the specificity of the IFN-stimulated gene transcription and manipulate cell fate in antiviral immune response. Our work demonstrates that tunable type I IFN signaling can be regulated through multisite RIG-I ubiquitination and elucidates a new paradigm for dynamic regulation in RIG-I–mediated antiviral signaling.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Three-dimensional genome structures of single diploid human cells (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-31
    Description: Three-dimensional genome structures play a key role in gene regulation and cell functions. Characterization of genome structures necessitates single-cell measurements. This has been achieved for haploid cells but has remained a challenge for diploid cells. We developed a single-cell chromatin conformation capture method, termed Dip-C, that combines a transposon-based whole-genome amplification method to detect many chromatin contacts, called META (multiplex end-tagging amplification), and an algorithm to impute the two chromosome haplotypes linked by each contact. We reconstructed the genome structures of single diploid human cells from a lymphoblastoid cell line and from primary blood cells with high spatial resolution, locating specific single-nucleotide and copy number variations in the nucleus. The two alleles of imprinted loci and the two X chromosomes were structurally different. Cells of different types displayed statistically distinct genome structures. Such structural cell typing is crucial for understanding cell functions.
    Keywords: Molecular Biology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Transformation of alcohols to esters promoted by hydrogen bonds using oxygen as the oxidant under metal-free conditions (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-06
    Description: One-pot oxidative transformation of alcohols into esters is very attractive, but metal-based catalysts are used in the reported routes. We discovered that the basic ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM] OAc) could effectively catalyze this kind of reaction using O 2 as an oxidant without any other catalysts or additives. The oxidative self-esterification of benzylic alcohols or aliphatic alcohols and cross-esterification between benzyl alcohols and aliphatic alcohols could all be achieved with high yields. Detailed study revealed that the cation with acidic proton and basic acetate anion could simultaneously form multiple hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of the alcohols, which catalyzed the reaction very effectively. As far as we know, this is the first work to carry out this kind of reaction under metal-free conditions.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deregulation by zinc of the sodium efflux in barnacle muscle fibers
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 1153 (1993), S. 219-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (B. nubilus) ; Inhibitory effect ; Muscle fiber ; Sodium ion efflux ; Zinc ion
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2736(93)90408-R
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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