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  • Humans  (2)
  • *Biological Evolution  (1)
  • 2010-2014  (3)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1960-1964
  • 1950-1954
  • 1
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    Recent synchronous radiation of a living fossil (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-25
    Description: Modern survivors of previously more diverse lineages are regarded as living fossils, particularly when characterized by morphological stasis. Cycads are often cited as a classic example, reaching their greatest diversity during the Jurassic-Cretaceous (199.6 to 65.5 million years ago) then dwindling to their present diversity of ~300 species as flowering plants rose to dominance. Using fossil-calibrated molecular phylogenies, we show that cycads underwent a near synchronous global rediversification beginning in the late Miocene, followed by a slowdown toward the Recent. Although the cycad lineage is ancient, our timetrees indicate that living cycad species are not much older than ~12 million years. These data reject the hypothesized role of dinosaurs in generating extant diversity and the designation of today's cycad species as living fossils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nagalingum, N S -- Marshall, C R -- Quental, T B -- Rai, H S -- Little, D P -- Mathews, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 11;334(6057):796-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1209926. Epub 2011 Oct 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. nathalie.nagalingum@rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22021670" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bayes Theorem ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate Change ; *Cycadophyta/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics ; Extinction, Biological ; *Fossils ; Genes, Plant ; *Genetic Speciation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Access to stem cells and data: persons, property rights, and scientific progress (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-12
    Description: Many fields have struggled to develop strategies, policies, or structures to optimally manage data, materials, and intellectual property rights (IPRs). There is growing recognition that the field of stem cell science, in part because of its complex IPRs landscape and the importance of cell line collections, may require collective action to facilitate basic and translational research. Access to pluripotent stem cell lines and the information associated with them is critical to the progress of stem cell science, but simple notions of access are substantially complicated by shifting boundaries between what is considered information versus material, person versus artifact, and private property versus the public domain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mathews, Debra J H -- Graff, Gregory D -- Saha, Krishanu -- Winickoff, David E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 11;331(6018):725-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1201382.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Deering Hall, 208, 1809 Ashland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. dmathews@jhu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Access to Information ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Confidentiality ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; *Intellectual Property ; *Ownership ; Public Sector ; *Stem Cell Research ; *Stem Cells ; Tissue Donors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    The upper limb of Australopithecus sediba (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: The evolution of the human upper limb involved a change in function from its use for both locomotion and prehension (as in apes) to a predominantly prehensile and manipulative role. Well-preserved forelimb remains of 1.98-million-year-old Australopithecus sediba from Malapa, South Africa, contribute to our understanding of this evolutionary transition. Whereas other aspects of their postcranial anatomy evince mosaic combinations of primitive (australopith-like) and derived (Homo-like) features, the upper limbs (excluding the hand and wrist) of the Malapa hominins are predominantly primitive and suggest the retention of substantial climbing and suspensory ability. The use of the forelimb primarily for prehension and manipulation appears to arise later, likely with the emergence of Homo erectus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Churchill, Steven E -- Holliday, Trenton W -- Carlson, Kristian J -- Jashashvili, Tea -- Macias, Marisa E -- Mathews, Sandra -- Sparling, Tawnee L -- Schmid, Peter -- de Ruiter, Darryl J -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):1233477. doi: 10.1126/science.1233477.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. churchy@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arm Bones/anatomy & histology ; Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bones of Upper Extremity/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Clavicle/anatomy & histology ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Male ; Principal Component Analysis ; Scapula/anatomy & histology ; South Africa ; Upper Extremity/*anatomy & histology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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