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  • Springer  (252)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (22)
  • 2010-2014  (198)
  • 1985-1989  (76)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Applications of the different formulations of garnet-clinopyroxene geothermometers to crustal granulites and particularly to metamorphosed manganese formations show a wide scatter of estimates. This is primarily related to the uncertainty associated with the formulation of the activity-composition relationship in garnet solid solution besides that in the clinopyroxene solid solution. The largest uncertainty appears to have resulted from the adopted Mg-Mn interaction parameter in garnet which is yet to be experimentally determined. A fresh statistical regression of eleven pairs of garnet and clinopyroxene equilibrated at identical P-T conditions from a manganese formation in India yields W Mg-Mn Gt (=WMn-Mg) value of 1600±500 cal/mols. An extension of the Ellis and Green (1979) geothermometer, known to work well in normal granulites, incorporating terms associated with the activity coefficients of the exchangeable cations, now yields consistent temperature estimation from normal granulites as well as from metamorphosed manganese formations. The geothermometer, however, will not work well for garnet having XFe≥0.65 and clinopyroxenes containing appreciable Na, Al and/or Fe3+.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 24 (1989), S. 169-175 
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde eine theoretische Untersuchung der Wärme-, Massen- und Impulsübertragung eines verdampfenden kugelförmigen Fluidtropfens, welcher plötzlich in eine gleichgerichtete Fluidströmung höherer Temperatur eingeleitet wird, untersucht. Das Geschwindigkeitsprofil um den Fluidtropfen herum wurde als konstant und als ein Hadamard-Rybczynski-Profil angenommen. Unter Benutzung eines ADI-Schemas der Finiten-Differenzen-Methode wurden numerische Lösungen der Erhaltungsgleichungen für Energie und Dampfmasse gewonnen. Zeitliche Gesetzmäßigkeiten der durchschnittlichen Nusselt und Sherwood-Zahlen (Nu, Sh) und des Widerstandsbeiwertes (C D ) bis zur vollständigen Verdampfung des Tropfens wurden in Abhängigkeit von den zugehörigen Eingabeparametern nämlich der Anfangs-und momentanen Peclet-Zahl (Pe i ,Pe) der Lewis-Zahl und dem Verhältnis von freier Strömungstemperatur zur Eintrittstemperatur des Tropfens (T a ′ /T i ) berechnet. Ebenso werden die lokalen Nusselt und Sherwood-Zahlen in Abhängigkeit von der Peclet-Zahl im Bereich der stationären Verdampfung dargestellt. Es wurde festgestellt, daß Werte der Nusselt-Zahl im Bereich der stationären Verdampfung von Tropfen in guter Übereinstimmung mit den entsprechenden berechneten Größen aus der empirischen Gleichung von Eisenklam liegen.
    Notes: Abstract A theoretical analysis is made of the heat, mass and momentum transfer from an evaporative liquid sphere which is suddenly introduced into a parallel stream of fluid at a higher temperature. The velocity field around the liquid sphere is assumed to be steady and of the Hadamard-Rybczynski type. Numerical solutions of energy and the vapour mass continuity equations have been carried out using the alternate direction implicit scheme of finite difference method. Temporal histories of the average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers (Nu, Sh) alongwith the drag coefficient (C D ) during the life time of an evaporating drop have been predicted in terms of the pertinent input parameters, namely, initial and instantaneous Peclet number (Pe i ,Pe), Lewis number (Le), and the ratio of free stream to initial droplet temperature (T a ′ /T i ). Variations of local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers withPe, in the region of steady state evaporation, have also been presented. Values ofNu for steady state droplet evaporation are found to be in fair agreement with the corresponding values evaluated from the empirical equation of Eisenklam [5].
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Distributed computing 2 (1987), S. 45-59 
    ISSN: 1432-0452
    Keywords: Database systems ; Concurrency ; Optimistic protocols ; Distributed algorithms ; Rollbacks ; Transactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Concurrency control algorithms have traditionally been based on locking and timestamp ordering mechanisms. Recently optimistic schemes have been proposed. In this paper a distributed, multi-version, optimistic concurrency control scheme is described which is particularly advantageous in a query-dominant environment. The drawbacks of the original optimistic concurrency control scheme, namely that inconsistent views may be seen by transactions (potentially causing unpredictable behavior) and that read-only transactions must be validated and may be rolled back, have been eliminated in the proposed algorithm. Read-only transactions execute in a completely asynchronous fashion and are therefore processed with very little overhead. Furthermore, the probability that read-write transactions are rolled back has been reduced by generalizing the validation algorithm. The effects of global transactions on local transaction processing are minimized. The algorithm is also free from dedlock and cascading rollback problems.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-901X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The reactions of MCl3·3H2O (M=Ru, Rh or Ir) with hydrazones have been studied by three different methods and complexes of the types [M(LH2)(H2O)2]Cl3, [M(L)Cl(H2O)] and [M(LH2)Cl2]Cl·H2O have been isolated. Tentative structural conclusions are drawn for these products based upon elemental analysis, electrical conductance, magnetic moment, and i.r. and1H n.m.r. data. The thermal stability and mode of decomposition for the complexes have been studied by t.g.a., d.t.g. and d.s.c. techniques.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-901X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Ruthenium(III) complexes of types [Ru(L)3], [Ru(L′)Cl(H2O)2], [Ru(L″)Cl2]n, [Ru(L‴)Cl(H2O)]n(LH =Schiff bases derived from anthranilic acid and benzaldehyde, acetophenone, vanillin, cinnamaldehyde orm-hydroxyacetophenone; L′H2=Schiff bases derived from anthranilic acid and salicylaldehyde oro-hydroxyacetophenone; L″H=Schiff bases derived fromp-aminobenzoic acid and benzaldehyde, acetophenone, vanillin, cinnamaldehyde orm-hydroxyacetophenone; L‴H2=Schiff bases derived fromp-aminobenzoic acid and salicylaldehyde oro-hydroxyacetophenone) have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, conductance, magnetic moment and spectral (electronic, i.r. and1H n.m.r.) data. The wavelengths of the principal electronic absorption peaks have been accounted for quantitatively in terms of crystal field theory and various parameters have been evaluated. On the basis of the electronic spectra, an octahedral geometry has been established for all these complexes except [Ru(L″)Cl2]n. The complexes [Ru(L″)Cl2]n are pentacoordinate and a trigonal-bipyramidal environment, D3h, is suggested for the ruthenium(III) ion. The thermal behaviour of these complexes has also been studied by t.g., d.t.g and d.s.c techniques. Heats of reaction for the decomposition steps were calculated from the d.s.c. curves. The antifungal and antiviral activities of the complexes with Schiff bases derived from anthranilic acid were also investigated.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 51 (1988), S. 657-676 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Neutron transport equation ; Fokker-Planck equation ; Brownian motion ; boundary layer ; half- and full-range expansions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The half-range weight function, orthogonality integrals, and completeness theorems in the theory of kinetic equations are often not known, or when they are, are too complicated to be of much practical use. This suggests the use of full-range relations to solve half-range problems, and in this paper we investigate the adaptability of such an approach in the theory of one-speed neutron transport by a discretized spectral approximation formulated recently.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 266 (1988), S. 501-508 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Amorphous polymers ; mechanical properties ; birefringence ; thermal condcutivity ; thermal expansivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Uptil now it has not been possible to explain the different physical properties of amorphous polymers using a model based on a single conceptual scheme. In this paper, a phenomenological model is proposed which tries to explain the mechanical, optical and thermal properties (both thermal conductivity and expansivity) of amorphous polymers. The model has similarities with the composite model, proposed by the present authors, which has proved to be successful in interpreting the different physical properties of semicrystalline polymers. The present model considers the bulk form of the polymer as an aggregate of microscopic units possessing intrinsic physical properties. On drawing, the development of anisotropy in different physical properties is supposed to be due to the development of preferred orientation of these units. The development of the preferred orientation has been estimated directly from birefringence data. The agreement between the calculated and experimental values of the elastic modulus, thermal conductivity and thermal expansivity of PVC, PMMA and PS is found to be reasonable good.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Orientation of polymer chains ; mechanical properties ; birefringence ; deformation scheme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The computation of the orientational averages is a great problem in the case of semicrystalline polymers. In a previous communication [1] it has been shown that sinθ=f(λ) sinθ′ describes the orientational changes satisfactorily for a certain class of polymers. In this paper some alternative deformation schemes are also discussed. It has been concluded that birefringence provides a useful guideline in the choice of a deformation scheme.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 116 (1985), S. 431-436 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Cyclopentadienyl ; Titanium(IV) complexes ; Conductometric ; IR ; 1H-NMR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden Titan(IV)-dithiocarbamat-Komplexe vom TypCpTi(S2CNHR)Cl2 undCpTi(S2CNHR)2Cl mitR=C8H5N2S, C9H5N2SCl2 und C9H7N2S mittels der Reaktion von Monocyclopentadienyltitan(IV)trichlorid mit dem Kaliumsalz der entsprechenden Dithiocarbaminsäure in wasserfreiem Dichlormethan dargestellt. Leitfähigkeitsmessungen und IR-Untersuchungen zeigen, daß diese Komplexe Nichtelektrolyte sind, bei denen alle Dithiocarbamat-Liganden zweizähnig sind. Demnach können 5-, bzw. 6-koordinierte Strukturen für die Komplexe des TypsCpTi(S2CNHR)Cl2, bzw.CpTi(S2CNHR)2Cl angenommen werden. Die1H-NMR Spektren zeigen eine rasche Rotation des Cyclopentadienylrings um die Metall-Ring Achse an.
    Notes: Abstract Titanium(IV) dithiocarbamato complexes of the typesCpTi(S2CNHR)Cl2 andCpTi(S2CNHR)2Cl, whereR=C8H5N2S, C9H5N2SCl2 and C9H7N2S, have been prepared by the reaction of monocyclopentadienyl titanium(IV) trichloride with the potassium salt of the appropriate dithiocarbamic acid in anhydrous dichloromethane. Conductance and infrared studies indicate that these complexes are non-electrolytes in which all dithiocarbamate ligands are bidentate. Therefore, 5 and 6 coordinate structures can be assigned toCpTi(S2CNHR)Cl2 andCpTi(S2CNHR)2Cl complexes, respectively.1H-NMR spectra indicate that there is rapid rotation of the cyclopentadienyl ring about the metal ring axis.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 36 (1987), S. 45-50 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The inelastic interactions of 150 GeV positive muons produced at Fermi Laboratory have been studied in nuclear emulsion. Secondary particles produced in these interactions have been identified, the energy spectra and angular distributions for pions and protons are given. The inclusive pionproduction reaction is studied and the relative shape ofp t 2 distribution is discussed. The average charged multiplicity relations are determined as a function of different parameters and are compared with the multiplicities produced in pure hadronic interactions. The integral cross sections have been measured and are compared with the first and second powers of 1/(1+q 2/m p 2 ) forσ exp(q 2,v), the quantity commonly called the “virtualphoton-nucleon total cross section”. The values of the structure function νW 2 are calculated for 0.02≤q 2≤0.5. The present data are compared with other muon data at the same energy.
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