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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (8)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)  (2)
  • 2010-2014  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (5)
  • 1975-1979  (3)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1
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    Increasing Efficiency of Fuel Ethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass by Process Integration (2013)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: Energy & Fuels DOI: 10.1021/ef301952u
    Print ISSN: 0887-0624
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5029
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 2
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    Structure and Mechanism of Styrene Monooxygenase Reductase: New Insight into the FAD-Transfer Reaction (2013)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-22
    Description: Biochemistry DOI: 10.1021/bi400763h
    Print ISSN: 0006-2960
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-4995
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [1-(Aryl-bzw. Alkylcarbonyloxy)alkyl]phosphonium-Salze, 4. Herstellungsmethoden (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 124-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: [1-(Aryl- and Alkylcarbonyloxy)alkyl]phosphonium Salts, 4 Synthetic MethodsFour syntheses A  -  D are described for the phosphonium salts 1, which are precursors of the highly reactive phosphoranes 3. Whereas the usual method B fails in some cases it is now possible to prepare 1 with a wide variety of substitutents R1, R2, and R3 and anions X-.
    Notes: Für die Phosphoniumsalze 1, Vorstufen der hochreaktiven Phosphorane 3, werden vier Synthesemöglichkeiten A  -  D beschrieben. Während das bisherige Verfahren B in einigen Fällen versagt, sind die Salze 1 nunmehr bei großer Variationsbreite der Reste R1, R2 und R3 sowie der Anionen X- herstellbar.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19851180113
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N-[1-(Acyloxy)alkyl]heteroaryliumsalze in der Synthese, 3. Intramolekulare ortho-Acylierung einiger N-heteroaromatischer Ringsysteme (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 119 (1986), S. 279-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: N[1-(Acyloxy)alkyl]heteroarylium Salts in Synthesis, 3. Intramolecular ortho-Acylation of Some N-Heteroaromatic Ring SystemsThe title compounds 17 (prepared by methods A—C) have been reacted with sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (18) in a heterogeneous mixture (-80°C, 2-60 h). The ortho-substituted N-heteroaromatic compounds 4 are isolated exclusively after an intramolecular and regiospecific reaction [Scheme 1, Eq. (5)]. This method represents the first widely applicable acylation technique for N-heteroaromatic compounds in which the incoming substituent (R1CO) functions as an internal electrophile and in which the formation of isomeric or polyacylated products has not yet been observed. Both experimental and theoretical (MNDO) investigations show that the substitution reaction (5) is primarily determined by the conformational and electronic properties of the deprotonation product 25 [Eq. (7)], which is formed preferentially.
    Notes: Die Titelverbindungen 17 (Herstellungsmethoden A—C) werden in heterogener Phase mit Natrium-bis(trimethylsilyl)amid (18) umgesetzt (-80°C, 2-60 h). Nach einem intramolekular und regiospezifisch verlaufenden Folgeschritt werden ausschließlich die ortho-substituierten N-heteroaromatischen Verbindungen 4 isoliert [Schema 1, Gl. (5)]. Diese Methode repräsentiert das erste breit anwendbare Acylierungsverfahren in der N-heteroaromatischen Reihe, bei dem der hinzukommende Substituent (R1CO) als internes Elektrophil eingesetzt wird und die Entstehung isomerer oder mehrfach acylierter Substitutionsprodukte bisher nicht beobachtet wurde. Aus experimentellen und theoretischen Untersuchungen (MNDO-Methode) folgt übereinstimmend, daß der Verlauf der Substitutionsreaktion (5) maßgeblich von den konformativen und elektronischen Eigenschaften des bevorzugt entstehenden Deprotonierungsprodukts 25 [Gl. (7)] bestimmt wird.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19861190125
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanistische Untersuchungen zur dephosphorylierenden Ylid-Diketon-Umlagerung der [(Arylcarbonyloxy)alkyliden]phosphorane (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 119 (1986), S. 1350-1360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanistic Studies on the Dephosphorylating Ylide-Diketone Rearrangement of [(Arylcarbonyloxy)alkylidene]phosphoranesA new rearrangement of the phosphoranes 8 to 1,2-diketones 15 can be classified as an intramolecular 3-exo-trig process on the basis of experimental results. The mechanism is discussed in terms of a polar (Route a) or alternatively a carbene (Route b) reaction. The transition state for carbene formation from the model compound 17 [(hydroxymethylene)- phosphorane] has been determined using the ab-initio RHF/6-31G*/6-31G* method. The results indicate that π-donor/σ-acceptor-substituted phosphoranes 1a and 8 can be considered as potential carbene precursors by analogy with the model compounds 16 and 17.
    Notes: Die zu den 1,2-Diketonen 15 führende neue Umlagerung der Phosphorane 8 wird auf der Basis experimenteller Ergebnisse als intramolekularer 3-exo-trig-Prozeß klassifiziert und alternativ im Sinne eines polaren (Weg a) und carbenischen (Weg b) Mechanismus diskutiert, Der Übergangszustand der Carbenbildung aus einer charakterisierenden Modellverbindung 17 [(Hydroxymethylen)phosphoran] wurde ab-initio nach der RHF/6-31G*/6-31G*-Methode mit dem Resultat berechnet, daß π-Donor/σ-Donor/σ-Akzeptor-substituierte Phosphorane 1a, 8 bzw. deren Modelle 16 und 17 als potentielle Carben-Vorstufen zu interpretieren sind.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19861190422
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Durch veränderliche Betriebslasten in Kerben erzeugte Eigenspannungen und ihre Bedeutung für die Anwendbarkeit der linearen Schadensakkumulations-HypotheseBericht aus dem Laboratorium für Betriebsfestigkeit (LBF), Gemeinnütziges Forschungsinstitut der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, dem die Autoren angehören (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 194-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Residual Stresses Due to Variable Service Loads and Their Importance Regarding the Applicability of the Linear Damage Accumulation Hypothesis.The linear damage accumulation hypothesis often provides unreliable life estimations. To improve its application, residual stresses at the notch root of open hole specimens (Kt = 2,5) of the aluminium alloys AlCuMg 2 (US equivalent 2024 T 3) and AlZnMgCuAg (US equivalent 7075 T 6) were continuously measured during the macro-crack-free life range. Based on the residual stress history a corrected hypothesis was applied.
    Notes: Die lineare Schadensakkumulations-Hypothese liefert häufig sehr ungenaue Schätzwerte der Lebensdauer. Um zu einer Klärung beizutragen, wurden an gelochten Stäben, Formzahl ak = 2,5, aus den Leichtmetallegierungen AlCuMg 2 und AlZnMgCuAg im Kerbgrund während des ersten von Makrorissen freien Lebensdauerabschnittes die Eigenspannungen gemessen und darauf aufbauend eine bezüglich der Eigenspannungen korrigierte Hypothese angewendet.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19750060604
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bedeutung der Unregelmäßigkeit Gauß'scher Zufallsfolgen für die BetriebsfestigkeitÜberarbeitete Fassung der FB-124 (1976) (32) (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 246-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Significance of Irregularity of Gaussian Random Sequences on Random FatigueThe results of investigations concerning the influence of the irregularity factor which are found in the literature are often contradicting. The cause may be, that with the variation of the irregularity factor in some cases other influencing parameters were unintentionally varied too. To help clarify the situation a test program was conducted. Notched specimen and single shear lap joints of the aluminium alloy 2024 were tested under axial random loading sequences to determine the influence of irregularity on fatigue life. The irregularity factors (l = 0,99, 0,7, 0,3) cover the range interesting in practice. The method to generate random sequences ensures that the factor of irregularity is the only variate among the usual parameters of the random sequence.
    Notes: Die zum Teil widersprüchlichen Angaben im Schrifttum über den Einfluß des Unregelmäßigkeitsfaktors sind vermutlich darauf zurückzuführen, daß bei einschlägigen Untersuchungen neben dem Unregelmäßigkeitsfaktor auch noch andere Parameter unbeabsichtigt variiert wurden. Um zu einer Klärung beizutragen, wurden unter Zufallsfolgen von Axiallasten mit Merkmalen eines stationären Gaußprozesses Betriebsfestigkeits- Versuche an einem Kerbstab und an einer einschnittigen Fügung aus der Legierung AlCuMg2 durchgeführt und der Einfluß der Unregelmäßigkeit auf die Lebensdauer bestimmt. Die untersuchten Unregelmäßigkeitsfaktoren überdecken mit l = 0,99,0,7 und 0,3 den für die Betriebsfestigkeit interessanten Anwendungsbereich. Das gewählte Verfahren zur Generierung der Zufallsfolgen gewährleistet, daß der Unregelmäßigkeitsfaktor die einzige Variable unter den üblichen Parametern der Zufallsfolge bleibt.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090706
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemische Modifikation von Kanamycin A Derivate mit 4,5-Doppelbindung im Kanosamin-Teil (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1985 (1985), S. 644-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemical Modification of Kanamycin A. - Derivatives Containing a 4,5-Double Bond in the Kanosamine PartOxidation of the primary alcohol group in the kanamycin A derivative 2b with simultaneous β-elimination gave the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde 3a of which the derivatives 3b - e were prepared by acetalisation, oxidation, or reduction. Hydrogenation of the double bond led to 4 ‚-deoxy-5‘-epi-kanamycin A derivatives.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198519850327
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaktionen der D-Glucuronsäure, X. Eliminierungen an D-Glucofuranurono-6,3-lacton und seinen DerivatenHerrn Prof. Dr. L. Horner zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet. (1977)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1977 (1977), S. 169-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of D-Glucuronic Acid, X.  -  Elimination Reactions of D-Glucofuranurono-6,3-lactone and its DerivativesIn the presence of bases D-glucofuranurono-6,3-lactone, its glycosides, and their 2,5-di-O-alkyl derivatives, respectively, form doubly unsaturated products. This reaction is initiated by proton abstraction at C-5 causing β-elimination with opening of the tetrahydrofuran ring and liberation of the aldehyde function. In a subsequent second elimination (2E, 4Z)-2,5-dihydroxy-and (2E, 4Z)-2,5-dialkoxy-6-oxo-2,4-hexadienoic acid, respectively, are formed, of which the former spontaneously isomerizes to the thermodynamically more stable (2Z, 4Z)-conformer.
    Notes: D-Glucofuranurono-6,3-lacton, seine Glykoside und deren 2,5-Di-O-alkylderivate reagieren mit Basen unter Bildung doppelt ungesättigter Produkte. Diese Reaktion wird durch Protonabstraktion an C-5 eingeleitet, wobei der Tetrahydrofuranring durch β-Eliminierung geöffnet und die Aldehydgruppe in Freiheit gesetzt wird. In der daran anschließenden Aldoleliminierung bilden sich (2E, 4Z)-2,5-Dihydroxy-oder (2E, 4Z)-2,5-Dialkoxy-6-oxo-2,4-hexadiensäure, von denen die erstere spontan zum thermodynamisch stabileren (2Z, 4Z)-Konformeren isomeriiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.197719770117
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A measuring grid for the analysis of isoelectrically focused proteins in polyacrylamide gel slabs (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 6 (1985), S. 206-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An overlay grid was constructed to facilitate the measurement of densiometric scans of proteins in pH gradients formed by electrofocusing. The overlay procedure provides a rapid way for data collection. The relationship between pH and gel distance closely fit a straight line, (R 〉0.99). The reliability of the system was shown by the close agreement of the linear regressions from six different sets of data. Also, the feasibility of using a similar grid for a nonlinear system was established.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150060504
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