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  • Articles  (63)
  • Wiley  (26)
  • Oxford University Press  (25)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (12)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 2010-2014  (43)
  • 2000-2004  (20)
  • Medicine  (61)
  • Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science  (2)
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  • Articles  (63)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-02-13
    Description: Motivation: Reliable estimation of the mean fragment length for next-generation short-read sequencing data is an important step in next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines, most notably because of its impact on the accuracy of the enriched regions identified by peak-calling algorithms. Although many peak-calling algorithms include a fragment-length estimation subroutine, the problem has not been adequately solved, as demonstrated by the variability of the estimates returned by different algorithms. Results: In this article, we investigate the use of strand cross-correlation to estimate mean fragment length of single-end data and show that traditional estimation approaches have mixed reliability. We observe that the mappability of different parts of the genome can introduce an artificial bias into cross-correlation computations, resulting in incorrect fragment-length estimates. We propose a new approach, called mappability-sensitive cross-correlation (MaSC), which removes this bias and allows for accurate and reliable fragment-length estimation. We analyze the computational complexity of this approach, and evaluate its performance on a test suite of NGS datasets, demonstrating its superiority to traditional cross-correlation analysis. Availability: An open-source Perl implementation of our approach is available at http://www.perkinslab.ca/Software.html . Contact: tperkins@ohri.ca Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-09-20
    Description: Keratoconus, a common inherited ocular disorder resulting in progressive corneal thinning, is the leading indication for corneal transplantation in the developed world. Genome-wide association studies have identified common SNPs 100 kb upstream of ZNF469 strongly associated with corneal thickness. Homozygous mutations in ZNF469 and PR domain-containing protein 5 ( PRDM5 ) genes result in brittle cornea syndrome (BCS) Types 1 and 2, respectively. BCS is an autosomal recessive generalized connective tissue disorder associated with extreme corneal thinning and a high risk of corneal rupture. Some individuals with heterozygous PRDM5 mutations demonstrate a carrier ocular phenotype, which includes a mildly reduced corneal thickness, keratoconus and blue sclera. We hypothesized that heterozygous variants in PRDM5 and ZNF469 predispose to the development of isolated keratoconus. We found a significant enrichment of potentially pathologic heterozygous alleles in ZNF469 associated with the development of keratoconus ( P = 0.00102) resulting in a relative risk of 12.0. This enrichment of rare potentially pathogenic alleles in ZNF469 in 12.5% of keratoconus patients represents a significant mutational load and highlights ZNF469 as the most significant genetic factor responsible for keratoconus identified to date.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-10-22
    Description: Niemann–Pick C1 (NPC1) disease is a rare, neurodegenerative lysosomal cholesterol storage disorder, typified by progressive cognitive and motor function impairment. Affected individuals usually succumb to the disease in adolescence. 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) has emerged as a promising intervention that reduces lipid storage and prolongs survival in NPC1 disease animal models. A barrier to the development of HP-β-CD and other treatments for NPC disease has been the lack of validated biochemical measures to evaluate efficacy. Here we explored whether cholesterol homeostatic responses resulting from HP-β-CD-mediated redistribution of sequestered lysosomal cholesterol could provide biomarkers to monitor treatment. Upon direct CNS delivery of HP-β-CD, we found increases in plasma 24( S )-HC in two independent NPC1 disease animal models, findings that were confirmed in human NPC1 subjects receiving HP-β-CD. Since circulating 24( S )-HC is almost exclusively CNS-derived, the increase in plasma 24( S )-HC provides a peripheral, non-invasive measure of the CNS effect of HP-β-CD. Our findings suggest that plasma 24( S )-HC, along with the other cholesterol-derived markers examined in this study, can serve as biomarkers that will accelerate development of therapeutics for NPC1 disease.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2012-07-28
    Description: Niemann–Pick disease type C (NPC) is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by liver disease and progressive neurodegeneration. Deficiency of either NPC1 or NPC2 leads to the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids in late endosomes and early lysosomes. In order to identify pathological mechanisms underlying NPC and uncover potential biomarkers, we characterized liver gene expression changes in an Npc1 mouse model at six ages spanning the pathological progression of the disease. We identified altered gene expression at all ages, including changes in asymptomatic, 1-week-old mice. Biological pathways showing early altered gene expression included: lipid metabolism, cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in arachidonic acid and drug metabolism, inflammation and immune responses, mitogen-activated protein kinase and G-protein signaling, cell cycle regulation, cell adhesion and cytoskeleton remodeling. In contrast, apoptosis and oxidative stress appeared to be late pathological processes. To identify potential biomarkers that could facilitate monitoring of disease progression, we focused on a subset of 103 differentially expressed genes that encode secreted proteins. Further analysis identified two secreted proteins with increased serum levels in NPC1 patients: galectin-3 (LGALS3), a pro-inflammatory molecule, and cathepsin D (CTSD), a lysosomal aspartic protease. Elevated serum levels of both proteins correlated with neurological disease severity and appeared to be specific for NPC1. Expression of Lgals3 and Ctsd was normalized following treatment with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, a therapy that reduces pathological findings and significantly increases Npc1 –/– survival. Both LGALS3 and CTSD have the potential to aid in diagnosis and serve as biomarkers to monitor efficacy in therapeutic trials.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2010-02-19
    Description: A powerful way to discover key genes with causal roles in oncogenesis is to identify genomic regions that undergo frequent alteration in human cancers. Here we present high-resolution analyses of somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs) from 3,131 cancer specimens, belonging largely to 26 histological types. We identify 158 regions of focal SCNA that are altered at significant frequency across several cancer types, of which 122 cannot be explained by the presence of a known cancer target gene located within these regions. Several gene families are enriched among these regions of focal SCNA, including the BCL2 family of apoptosis regulators and the NF-kappaBeta pathway. We show that cancer cells containing amplifications surrounding the MCL1 and BCL2L1 anti-apoptotic genes depend on the expression of these genes for survival. Finally, we demonstrate that a large majority of SCNAs identified in individual cancer types are present in several cancer types.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2826709/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2826709/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beroukhim, Rameen -- Mermel, Craig H -- Porter, Dale -- Wei, Guo -- Raychaudhuri, Soumya -- Donovan, Jerry -- Barretina, Jordi -- Boehm, Jesse S -- Dobson, Jennifer -- Urashima, Mitsuyoshi -- Mc Henry, Kevin T -- Pinchback, Reid M -- Ligon, Azra H -- Cho, Yoon-Jae -- Haery, Leila -- Greulich, Heidi -- Reich, Michael -- Winckler, Wendy -- Lawrence, Michael S -- Weir, Barbara A -- Tanaka, Kumiko E -- Chiang, Derek Y -- Bass, Adam J -- Loo, Alice -- Hoffman, Carter -- Prensner, John -- Liefeld, Ted -- Gao, Qing -- Yecies, Derek -- Signoretti, Sabina -- Maher, Elizabeth -- Kaye, Frederic J -- Sasaki, Hidefumi -- Tepper, Joel E -- Fletcher, Jonathan A -- Tabernero, Josep -- Baselga, Jose -- Tsao, Ming-Sound -- Demichelis, Francesca -- Rubin, Mark A -- Janne, Pasi A -- Daly, Mark J -- Nucera, Carmelo -- Levine, Ross L -- Ebert, Benjamin L -- Gabriel, Stacey -- Rustgi, Anil K -- Antonescu, Cristina R -- Ladanyi, Marc -- Letai, Anthony -- Garraway, Levi A -- Loda, Massimo -- Beer, David G -- True, Lawrence D -- Okamoto, Aikou -- Pomeroy, Scott L -- Singer, Samuel -- Golub, Todd R -- Lander, Eric S -- Getz, Gad -- Sellers, William R -- Meyerson, Matthew -- K08 AR055688/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 AR055688-03/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 AR055688-04/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA122833/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA122833-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA122833-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA122833-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA134931/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08CA122833/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01CA 098101/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01CA085859/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA90578/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA109038/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074024/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01CA109038/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA109467/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA126546/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 18;463(7283):899-905. doi: 10.1038/nature08822.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Program and Medical and Population Genetics Group, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20164920" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Apoptosis/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival/genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations/*genetics ; Gene Amplification/genetics ; Gene Dosage/*genetics ; Genomics ; Humans ; Multigene Family/genetics ; Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein ; Neoplasms/classification/*genetics/pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; bcl-X Protein/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2010-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Porter, John R -- Wollenweber, Bernd -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 18;463(7283):876. doi: 10.1038/463876b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20164901" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*methods ; Crops, Agricultural/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; *Food Supply/statistics & numerical data ; Food, Genetically Modified ; *Genetic Engineering ; Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-01-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Porter, John R -- Deutsch, Lisa -- Dumaresq, David -- Dyball, Rob -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jan 6;469(7328):34. doi: 10.1038/469034d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21209650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Cities/*statistics & numerical data ; Food Supply/*statistics & numerical data ; *Population Growth ; Urban Population/*statistics & numerical data/trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-12-14
    Description: Highly charged iron (Fe(16+), here referred to as Fe XVII) produces some of the brightest X-ray emission lines from hot astrophysical objects, including galaxy clusters and stellar coronae, and it dominates the emission of the Sun at wavelengths near 15 angstroms. The Fe XVII spectrum is, however, poorly fitted by even the best astrophysical models. A particular problem has been that the intensity of the strongest Fe XVII line is generally weaker than predicted. This has affected the interpretation of observations by the Chandra and XMM-Newton orbiting X-ray missions, fuelling a continuing controversy over whether this discrepancy is caused by incomplete modelling of the plasma environment in these objects or by shortcomings in the treatment of the underlying atomic physics. Here we report the results of an experiment in which a target of iron ions was induced to fluoresce by subjecting it to femtosecond X-ray pulses from a free-electron laser; our aim was to isolate a key aspect of the quantum mechanical description of the line emission. Surprisingly, we find a relative oscillator strength that is unexpectedly low, differing by 3.6sigma from the best quantum mechanical calculations. Our measurements suggest that the poor agreement is rooted in the quality of the underlying atomic wavefunctions rather than in insufficient modelling of collisional processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bernitt, S -- Brown, G V -- Rudolph, J K -- Steinbrugge, R -- Graf, A -- Leutenegger, M -- Epp, S W -- Eberle, S -- Kubicek, K -- Mackel, V -- Simon, M C -- Trabert, E -- Magee, E W -- Beilmann, C -- Hell, N -- Schippers, S -- Muller, A -- Kahn, S M -- Surzhykov, A -- Harman, Z -- Keitel, C H -- Clementson, J -- Porter, F S -- Schlotter, W -- Turner, J J -- Ullrich, J -- Beiersdorfer, P -- Lopez-Urrutia, J R Crespo -- England -- Nature. 2012 Dec 13;492(7428):225-8. doi: 10.1038/nature11627.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. sven.bernitt@mpi-hd.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23235875" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2013-05-15
    Description: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequent birth defect, affecting 0.8% of live births. Many cases occur sporadically and impair reproductive fitness, suggesting a role for de novo mutations. Here we compare the incidence of de novo mutations in 362 severe CHD cases and 264 controls by analysing exome sequencing of parent-offspring trios. CHD cases show a significant excess of protein-altering de novo mutations in genes expressed in the developing heart, with an odds ratio of 7.5 for damaging (premature termination, frameshift, splice site) mutations. Similar odds ratios are seen across the main classes of severe CHD. We find a marked excess of de novo mutations in genes involved in the production, removal or reading of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation, or ubiquitination of H2BK120, which is required for H3K4 methylation. There are also two de novo mutations in SMAD2, which regulates H3K27 methylation in the embryonic left-right organizer. The combination of both activating (H3K4 methylation) and inactivating (H3K27 methylation) chromatin marks characterizes 'poised' promoters and enhancers, which regulate expression of key developmental genes. These findings implicate de novo point mutations in several hundreds of genes that collectively contribute to approximately 10% of severe CHD.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3706629/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3706629/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zaidi, Samir -- Choi, Murim -- Wakimoto, Hiroko -- Ma, Lijiang -- Jiang, Jianming -- Overton, John D -- Romano-Adesman, Angela -- Bjornson, Robert D -- Breitbart, Roger E -- Brown, Kerry K -- Carriero, Nicholas J -- Cheung, Yee Him -- Deanfield, John -- DePalma, Steve -- Fakhro, Khalid A -- Glessner, Joseph -- Hakonarson, Hakon -- Italia, Michael J -- Kaltman, Jonathan R -- Kaski, Juan -- Kim, Richard -- Kline, Jennie K -- Lee, Teresa -- Leipzig, Jeremy -- Lopez, Alexander -- Mane, Shrikant M -- Mitchell, Laura E -- Newburger, Jane W -- Parfenov, Michael -- Pe'er, Itsik -- Porter, George -- Roberts, Amy E -- Sachidanandam, Ravi -- Sanders, Stephan J -- Seiden, Howard S -- State, Mathew W -- Subramanian, Sailakshmi -- Tikhonova, Irina R -- Wang, Wei -- Warburton, Dorothy -- White, Peter S -- Williams, Ismee A -- Zhao, Hongyu -- Seidman, Jonathan G -- Brueckner, Martina -- Chung, Wendy K -- Gelb, Bruce D -- Goldmuntz, Elizabeth -- Seidman, Christine E -- Lifton, Richard P -- 5U54HG006504/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- F30 HL123238/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD018655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG006546/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098123/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098147/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098153/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098162/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098163/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098123/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098147/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098153/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098162/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098163/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098188/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG006504/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jun 13;498(7453):220-3. doi: 10.1038/nature12141. Epub 2013 May 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23665959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Chromatin/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics ; Exome/genetics ; Female ; Genes, Developmental/genetics ; Heart Diseases/*congenital/*genetics/metabolism ; Histones/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lysine/chemistry/metabolism ; Male ; Methylation ; Mutation ; Odds Ratio ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-02-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Porter, John R -- Wratten, Steve -- England -- Nature. 2014 Feb 20;506(7488):295. doi: 10.1038/506295a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Lincoln University, New Zealand.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24553231" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Gross Domestic Product/*trends ; Humans ; *Quality of Life ; Sociology/*methods
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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