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  • 2010-2014  (143)
  • 2005-2009  (119)
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  • 1
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    An Examination of the Feasibility of Linear Deterministic Sea Wave Prediction in Multidirectional Seas Using Wave Profiling Radar: Theory, Simulation, and Sea Trials (2014)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-01
    Description: For a number of maritime tasks there is a short time period, typically only a few tens of seconds, where a critical event occurs that defines a limiting wave height for the whole operation. Examples are the recovery of fixed and rotary winged aircraft, cargo transfers, final pipe mating in fluid transfer operations, and launch/recovery of small craft. The recovery of a 30-t rescue submersible onto a mother ship in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Submarine Rescue System is a prime example. In such applications short-term deterministic sea wave prediction (DSWP) can play a vital role in extending the sea states under which the system can be safely deployed. DSWP also has great potential in conducting experimental sea wave research at full scale. This report explores the feasibility of using data from an experimental wave profiling radar in achieving DSWP. The report includes theory, simulation, and field testing. Two forms of DSWP are employed: a fixed point system based upon a restricted set of wave directions from which some success is obtained and the other a fully two-dimensional technique that requires further development. The main finding is that using wave profiling radar for DSWP offers promise but requires improvements both to the spatial reliability and the resolution of the wave profiling radar and to the temporal resolution of its sweep before the technique can be considered to be viable as a usable tool.
    Print ISSN: 0739-0572
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0426
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    CryoSat‐2 estimates of Arctic sea ice thickness and volume (2013)
    AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 40(4), pp. 732-737, ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-17
    Description: Satellite records show a decline in ice extent over more than three decades, with a record minimum in September 2012. Results from the Pan-Arctic Ice-Ocean Modelling and Assimilation system (PIOMAS) suggest that the decline in extent has been accompanied by a decline in volume, but this has not been confirmed by data. Using new data from the European Space Agency CryoSat-2 (CS-2) mission, validated with in situ data, we generate estimates of ice volume for the winters of 2010/11 and 2011/12. We compare these data with current estimates from PIOMAS and earlier (2003–8) estimates from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ICESat mission. Between the ICESat and CryoSat-2 periods, the autumn volume declined by 4291 km3 and the winter volume by 1479 km3. This exceeds the decline in ice volume in the central Arctic from the PIOMAS model of 2644 km3 in the autumn, but is less than the 2091 km3 in winter, between the two time periods.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 3
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    CryoSat-2 estimates of Arctic sea ice thickness and volume (2013)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 40 (2013): 732–737, doi:10.1002/grl.50193.
    Description: Satellite records show a decline in ice extent over more than three decades, with a record minimum in September 2012. Results from the Pan-Arctic Ice-Ocean Modelling and Assimilation system (PIOMAS) suggest that the decline in extent has been accompanied by a decline in volume, but this has not been confirmed by data. Using new data from the European Space Agency CryoSat-2 (CS-2) mission, validated with in situ data, we generate estimates of ice volume for the winters of 2010/11 and 2011/12. We compare these data with current estimates from PIOMAS and earlier (2003–8) estimates from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ICESat mission. Between the ICESat and CryoSat-2 periods, the autumn volume declined by 4291 km3 and the winter volume by 1479 km3. This exceeds the decline in ice volume in the central Arctic from the PIOMAS model of 2644 km3 in the autumn, but is less than the 2091 km3 in winter, between the two time periods.
    Description: This work was funded by the UK’s Natural Environment Research Council, the European Space Agency, the German Aerospace Center (DLR), Alberta Ingenuity, National Science Foundation (NSF).
    Description: 2013-08-28
    Keywords: Sea Ice ; Volume ; CryoSat ; Altimetry
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 4
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    Shipboard acoustic doppler current profiling during cruise MV9912 (SAC ID 00441) (2005)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-24
    Keywords: Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler; ADCP; Current velocity, east-west; Current velocity, north-south; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Melville; MV9912; MV9912_00441; Shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profiling (SADCP); Ship velocity, absolute east-west, standard deviation; Ship velocity, absolute east-west components means; Ship velocity, absolute north-south components mean; Ship velocity, absolute north-south standard deviation; Temperature, technical; Temperature, technical, standard deviation; WOCE; World Ocean Circulation Experiment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6942 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of soil inoculum level and environmental factors on potato powdery scab caused by Spongospora subterranea (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 54 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of soil inoculum level and three environmental factors (soil type, soil moisture regime and temperature) on the incidence and severity of powdery scab caused by Spongospora subterranea were investigated in potato plants grown under controlled environmental conditions. Symptoms of powdery scab on tubers were assessed visually, after which DNA was extracted from tuber peelings and quantified in a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay using primers and a TaqMan® probe specific to S. subterranea to establish tuber infection levels. Soil inoculum concentration of S. subterranea did not significantly affect the incidence and severity of either tuber infection or powdery scab symptoms at maturity. No significant differences in disease incidence and severity were found between sandy, loamy and clay soils, although the two lighter soils yielded more powdery scab than clay soil. Constant dampness of the soil resulted in significantly more disease than a fluctuating moisture regime. Infection and disease levels were high at all three temperatures tested (9, 12 and 17°C), but symptoms were most severe at 12°C. The percentage of plants with infected tubers did not increase after tuber initiation, although the amount of S. subterranea DNA detected in tubers and the severity of powdery scab symptoms increased in mature plants. Latent tuber infections were found to be common, especially under conditions suboptimal for disease development. This new information may be important for the prevention of powdery scab in potato-growing areas around the world.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01111.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a species-specific and sensitive detection assay for Phytophthora infestans and its application for monitoring of inoculum in tubers and soil (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 54 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A specific and sensitive PCR assay for the detection of Phytophthora infestans, the cause of late blight of potato, in soil and plant tissues was developed. A P. infestans-specific primer pair (INF FW2 and INF REV) was designed by comparing the aligned sequences of rDNA internal transcribed spacer regions of most of the known Phytophthora species. PCR amplification of P. infestans DNA with primers INF FW2 and INF REV generated a 613 bp product, and species specificity was demonstrated against DNA from nine other Phytophthora species and seven potato-blemish pathogens. In a single-round PCR assay, 0·5 pg pure P. infestans DNA was detectable. Sensitivity was increased to 5 fg DNA in a nested PCR assay using Peronsporales-specific-primers in the first round. As few as two sporangia or four zoospores of P. infestans could be detected using the nested assay. Procedures are described for detection of P. infestans in leaves, stem and seed potato tubers before expression of symptoms. A soil assay in which 10 oospores per 0·5 g soil were detectable was developed and validated using samples of field soil. The PCR assay was used to examine the long-term survival of sexual (oospores) and asexual (sporangia and mycelium) inoculum of P. infestans in leaf material buried in a replicated experiment under natural field conditions. Oospores were consistently detected using the PCR assay up to 24 months (total length of the study) after burial in soil, whereas the sporangial inoculum was detected for only 12 months after burial. Sporangial inoculum was shown to be nonviable using a baiting assay, whereas leaf material containing oospores remained viable up to 24 months after burial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01175.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato: an international evaluation (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 54 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Ten institutions in nine countries joined together to test the stability of resistance of 14 potato genotypes to the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans in three separate trials. Seven of the genotypes were tested in one trial involving seven locations, and all 14 were tested in two subsequent trials, each involving eight locations. Stability of resistance was tested with nonparametric tests and with an additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. Overall, resistance to P. infestans was robust; resistant genotypes were consistently resistant in all locations and trials. The nonparametric analysis indicated that specific genotypes were basically stable across sites for resistance. In trial 3, the Z statistic for overall stability was significant at 0·05%, indicating a significant level of interaction across the trial, but there were no significant interactions for specific genotypes in this trial. The genotype by environment (G × E) effect of the AMMI model was highly significant in both trials, but the mean square of G × E was less than 10% of the genotype effect in each trial. The first two principal components (PCA1 and PCA2) of the AMMI analyses together explained 75 and 80% of the interaction effects in trials 2 and 3, respectively. Based on both nonparametric and AMMI analyses, Ecuador and Argentina were locations of relatively high interaction effects for both trials 2 and 3, although in Ecuador this interaction was not associated with any particular potato genotype. Other locations also had high interaction effects, but these occurred in only one trial. The genotypes Chata Blanca and, to a lesser extent, Torridon were relatively unstable in trials 2 and 3, but in the case of Torridon, resistant, this did not represent a significant loss of resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01187.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A twenty-first century science (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 445 (2007), S. 489-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Few would deny that many of the major problems currently facing humanity are social and economic in nature. From the apparent wave of religious fundamentalism sweeping the Islamic world (and parts of the Western world), to collective economic security, global warming and the great epidemics of our ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/445489a
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boundary lubrication under water (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 444 (2006), S. 191-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Boundary lubrication, in which the rubbing surfaces are coated with molecular monolayers, has been studied extensively for over half a century. Such monolayers generally consist of amphiphilic surfactants anchored by their polar headgroups; sliding occurs at the interface between the layers, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05196
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid discharge connects Antarctic subglacial lakes (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 440 (2006), S. 1033-1036 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The existence of many subglacial lakes provides clear evidence for the widespread presence of water beneath the East Antarctic ice sheet, but the hydrology beneath this ice mass is poorly understood. Such knowledge is critical to understanding ice flow, basal water transfer to the ice margin, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04660
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