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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (36)
  • 2010-2014  (7)
  • 2005-2009  (8)
  • 1980-1984  (17)
  • 1975-1979  (4)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1950-1954
  • 11
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    Role of land-surface changes in arctic summer warming (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-24
    Description: A major challenge in predicting Earth's future climate state is to understand feedbacks that alter greenhouse-gas forcing. Here we synthesize field data from arctic Alaska, showing that terrestrial changes in summer albedo contribute substantially to recent high-latitude warming trends. Pronounced terrestrial summer warming in arctic Alaska correlates with a lengthening of the snow-free season that has increased atmospheric heating locally by about 3 watts per square meter per decade (similar in magnitude to the regional heating expected over multiple decades from a doubling of atmospheric CO2). The continuation of current trends in shrub and tree expansion could further amplify this atmospheric heating by two to seven times.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chapin, F S 3rd -- Sturm, M -- Serreze, M C -- McFadden, J P -- Key, J R -- Lloyd, A H -- McGuire, A D -- Rupp, T S -- Lynch, A H -- Schimel, J P -- Beringer, J -- Chapman, W L -- Epstein, H E -- Euskirchen, E S -- Hinzman, L D -- Jia, G -- Ping, C-L -- Tape, K D -- Thompson, C D C -- Walker, D A -- Welker, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 28;310(5748):657-60. Epub 2005 Sep 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Arctic Biology; University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA. terry.chapin@uaf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16179434" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Arctic Regions ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Picea ; Seasons ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 12
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    Comment on "Computational improvements reveal great bacterial diversity and high metal toxicity in soil" (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-19
    Description: Gans et al. (Reports, 26 August 2005, p. 1387) provided an estimate of soil bacterial species richness two orders of magnitude greater than previously reported values. Using a re-derived mathematical model, we reanalyzed the data and found that the statistical error exceeds the estimate by a factor of 26. We also note two potential sources of error in the experimental data collection and measurement procedures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bunge, John -- Epstein, Slava S -- Peterson, Daniel G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 18;313(5789):918; author reply 918.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Statistical Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. jab18@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16917045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/genetics/*growth & development ; *Biodiversity ; DNA, Bacterial/*analysis ; Kinetics ; Mathematics ; Metals, Heavy/analysis/*toxicity ; Models, Biological ; Nucleic Acid Renaturation ; *Soil Microbiology ; Soil Pollutants/analysis/*toxicity ; Statistics as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 13
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    Chemistry. Can droplets and bubbles think? (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Epstein, Irving R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 9;315(5813):775-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and the Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA. epstein@brandeis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289966" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Capillary Action ; Chemistry, Physical ; *Computing Methodologies ; *Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ; *Microfluidics ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Surface Tension
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 14
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    Chemistry. Emergent or just complex? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balazs, Anna C -- Epstein, Irving R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 25;325(5948):1632-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1178323.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. balazs@pitt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biochemical Phenomena ; Cells ; *Chemical Phenomena ; DNA/chemistry ; *Evolution, Chemical ; Origin of Life ; Software
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 15
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    Live attenuated malaria vaccine designed to protect through hepatic CD8(+) T cell immunity (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-10
    Description: Our goal is to develop a vaccine that sustainably prevents Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria in 〉/=80% of recipients. Pf sporozoites (PfSPZ) administered by mosquito bites are the only immunogens shown to induce such protection in humans. Such protection is thought to be mediated by CD8(+) T cells in the liver that secrete interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). We report that purified irradiated PfSPZ administered to 80 volunteers by needle inoculation in the skin was safe, but suboptimally immunogenic and protective. Animal studies demonstrated that intravenous immunization was critical for inducing a high frequency of PfSPZ-specific CD8(+), IFN-gamma-producing T cells in the liver (nonhuman primates, mice) and conferring protection (mice). Our results suggest that intravenous administration of this vaccine will lead to the prevention of infection with Pf malaria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Epstein, J E -- Tewari, K -- Lyke, K E -- Sim, B K L -- Billingsley, P F -- Laurens, M B -- Gunasekera, A -- Chakravarty, S -- James, E R -- Sedegah, M -- Richman, A -- Velmurugan, S -- Reyes, S -- Li, M -- Tucker, K -- Ahumada, A -- Ruben, A J -- Li, T -- Stafford, R -- Eappen, A G -- Tamminga, C -- Bennett, J W -- Ockenhouse, C F -- Murphy, J R -- Komisar, J -- Thomas, N -- Loyevsky, M -- Birkett, A -- Plowe, C V -- Loucq, C -- Edelman, R -- Richie, T L -- Seder, R A -- Hoffman, S L -- 5R44AI055229-07/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 5R44AI058375-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 5R44AI058499-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 28;334(6055):475-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1211548. Epub 2011 Sep 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Protozoan/blood/immunology ; Antigens, Protozoan/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis/immunology ; Liver/*immunology ; Macaca mulatta ; Malaria Vaccines/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*immunology ; Malaria, Falciparum/*prevention & control ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Plasmodium falciparum/*immunology ; Rabbits ; Sporozoites/*immunology ; Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage/adverse effects/immunology ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Carbon isotopic evidence for different feeding patterns in two hyrax species occupying the same habitat (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-08
    Description: The carbon-13/carbon-12 ratios of the carbonate and collagen fractions of bone of the sympatric hyrax species Procavia johnstoni and Heterohyrax brucei indicate that the former obtains most of its diet by grazing while the latter is primarily a browser. The carbon-13/carbon-12 ratios of these fractions in fossil bone will record information about diet if they have not been altered during diagenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deniro, M J -- Epstein, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 8;201(4359):906-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17729570" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Enhanced dexamethasone resistance in cystic fibrosis cells: potential use for heterozygote detection and prenatal diagnosis (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-14
    Description: Cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are more resistant to dexamethasone toxicity than are normal cells. We now report that, when fibroblasts cultured from obligate CF heterozygotes are exposed to dexamethasone, they have an intermediate survival compared to normal and homozygous CF cells. When dexamethasone survival was tested on cells from four patients undergoing amniocentesis, cells from a woman at risk of producing a child with CF showed significant dexamethasone resistance, similar to that of fibroblasts derived from lnown CF homozygotes; the other amniotic cell specimens showed dexamethasone sensitivity similar to that of normal skin fibroblasts. These data suggest that the dexamethasone resistance previously observed in skin fibroblasts may also be useful in the prenatal diagnosis of CF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Breslow, J L -- Epstein, J -- Fontaine, J H -- Forbes, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 14;201(4351):180-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amniotic Fluid/cytology ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cystic Fibrosis/diagnosis/genetics/*physiopathology ; Dexamethasone/*toxicity ; Drug Resistance ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Saline culture of crops: a genetic approach (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-10-24
    Description: Increasing salinity of soil and water threatens agriculture in arid and semiarid regions. By itself, the traditional engineering approach to the problem is no longer adequate. Genetic science offers the possibility of developing salt-tolerant crops, which, in conjunction with environmental manipulation, could improve agricultural production in saline regions and extend agriculture to previously unsuited regions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Epstein, E -- Norlyn, J D -- Rush, D W -- Kingsbury, R W -- Kelley, D B -- Cunningham, G A -- Wrona, A F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 24;210(4468):399-404.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17837407" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    X-linked ichthyosis: increased blood cholesterol sulfate and electrophoretic mobility of low-density lipoprotein (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-06
    Description: Plasma cholesterol sulfate concentration is increased in patients with recessive X-linked ichthyosis, a disease in which steroid sulfatase activity is absent. In these patients, cholesterol sulfate is found primarily in the low-density lipoprotein fraction of plasma, and the electrophoretic mobility of these lipoproteins is greatly increased.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Epstein, E H Jr -- Krauss, R M -- Shackleton, C H -- AM 28069/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HL 18574/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RR 00719/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):659-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6945674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cholesterol Esters/*blood ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Female ; Genes, Recessive ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Ichthyosis/blood/*genetics ; Lipoproteins, LDL/*blood ; Steryl-Sulfatase ; Sulfatases/deficiency ; Sulfates ; X Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Global mean sea level: indicator of climate change? (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-02-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Etkins, R -- Epstein, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 25;219(4587):997-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17817939" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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