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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases  (8)
  • 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.02. Magnetic storms
  • American Geophysical Union  (5)
  • Elsevier Science Limited  (4)
  • 2015-2019  (9)
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Keywords
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Years
Year
  • 1
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    Spatially resolved SO2 flux emissions from Mt Etna (2017)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: We report on a systematic record of SO2 flux emissions from individual vents of Etna volcano (Sicily), which we obtained using a permanent UV camera network. Observations were carried out in summer 2014, a period encompassing two eruptive episodes of the New South East Crater (NSEC) and a fissure-fed eruption in the upper Valle del Bove. We demonstrate that our vent-resolved SO2 flux time series allow capturing shifts in activity from one vent to another and contribute to our understanding of Etna’s shallowplumbingsystemstructure.We findthatthe fissureeruptioncontributed~50,000tofSO2 or~30%of the SO2 emitted by the volcano during the 5 July to 10 August eruptive interval. Activity from this eruptive ventgraduallyvanishedon10August,markingaswitchofdegassingtowardtheNSEC.Onsetofdegassingat the NSEC was a precursory to explosive paroxysmal activity on 11–15 August.
    Description: Published
    Description: 7511-7519
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Records of SO2 flux emissions from Etna’sindividualventsallowcapturing shifts in volcanic activity ; Vent-resolved SO2 flux time series provide constraints on geometry of the shallow plumbing system ; Vent-resolved SO2 flux time series demonstrate SO2 flux increase precursory to paroxysmal (lava fountaining) activity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Gas blowout from shallow boreholes near Fiumicino International Airport (Rome): Gas origin and hazard assessment (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-05
    Description: In summer 2013 a toxic and polluting gas blowout (19 tonnes day−1 CO2, 95 kg day−1 CH4) occurred from two shallow boreholes drilled at only 50 m from the International Airport of Rome (Italy), in the town of Fiumicino. Another gas blowout occurred in the same period from a borehole located offshore, 2 km away, also generating sea-water acidification; it lasted only a couple of days. Onshore, CO2was also diffusing fromholes within the soil, particularly toward the airport, generating a soil flux up to 1.8 tonnes day−1. In 3.5 months ~1500 tonnes of CO2 and 5.4 tonnes of CH4 were emitted in the atmosphere. Temporal monitoring of gas geochemistry indicates that in this area a mixing occurs between shallow and pressurized gas pockets, CO2-dominated, but with different chemical (i.e., He/CH4 ratio) and isotopic (3He/4He, δ13C-δDCH4) characteristics. Numerical simulation of CO2 dispersion in the atmosphere showed that dangerous air CO2 concentrations, up to lethal values, were only found near the vents at a height of 0.2 m. Fiumicino is a high blowout risk area, as CO2 rising through deep reaching faults pressurizes the shallowaquifer contained in gravels confined underneath shales of the Tiber delta deposits. The Fiumicino blowout is a typical example of dangerous phenomenon that may occur in urban context lying nearby active or recent volcanoes and requires quick response on hazard assessment by scientists to be addressed to civil protection and administrators.
    Description: Published
    Description: 54-65
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Endogenous gas blowout from shallow wells ; Chemical and isotopic composition of gas and water ; Viscous flux and diffuse soil gas flux measurements ; Simulation andmonitoring of air CO2 dispersion ; Hazard assessment ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Gas emission strength and evolution of the molar ratio of BrO/SO2 in the plume of Nyiragongo in comparison to Etna (2016)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Airborne and ground-based differential optical absorption spectroscopy observations have been carried out at the volcano Nyiragongo (Democratic Republic of Congo) tomeasure SO2 and bromine monoxide (BrO) in the plume inMarch 2004 and June 2007, respectively. Additionally filter pack andmulticomponent gas analyzer system (Multi-GAS)measurements were carried out in June 2007. Ourmeasurements provide valuable information on the chemical composition of the volcanic plume emitted fromthe lava lake of Nyiragongo. The main interest of this study has been to investigate for the first time the bromine emission flux of Nyiragongo (a rift volcano) and the BrO formation in its volcanic plume. Measurement data and results from a numerical model of the evolution of BrO in Nyiragongo volcanic plume are compared with earlier studies of the volcanic plume of Etna (Italy). Even though the bromine flux from Nyiragongo (2.6 t/d) is slightly greater than that from Etna (1.9 t/d), the BrO/SO2 ratio (maximum 7 × 10 5) is smaller than in the plume of Etna (maximum 2.1 × 10 4). A one-dimensional photochemical model to investigate halogen chemistry in the volcanic plumes of Etna and Nyiragongo was initialized using data from Multi-GAS and filter pack measurements. Model runs showed that the differences in the composition of volcanic volatiles led to a smaller fraction of total bromine being present as BrO in the Nyiragongo plume and to a smaller BrO/SO2 ratio.
    Description: Published
    Description: 277-291
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Intraplate volcano Nyiragongo is bromine rich although chlorine poor ; BrO/Br in volcanic plumes depends on initial plume composition ; Determination of Nyiragongo chlorine, bromine, sulfur emission strength ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Atmospheric dispersion of natural carbon dioxide emissions on Vulcano island, Italy. (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: La Fossa quiescent volcano and its surrounding area on the Island of Vulcano (Italy) are characterized by intensive, persistent degassing through both fumaroles and diffuse soil emissions. Periodic degassing crises occur, with marked increase in temperature and steam and gas output (mostly CO2) from crater fumaroles and in CO2 soil diffuse emission from the crater area as well as from the volcano flanks and base. The gas hazard of the most inhabited part of the island, Vulcano Porto, was investigated by simulating the CO2 dispersion in the atmosphere under different wind conditions. The DISGAS (DISpersion of GAS) code, an Eulerian model based on advection-diffusion equations, was used together with the mass-consistent Diagnostic Wind Model. Numerical simulations were validated by measurements of air CO2 concentration inside the village and along the crater’s rim by means of a Soil CO2 Automatic Station and a Tunable Diode Laser device. The results show that in the village of Vulcano Porto, the CO2 air concentration is mostly due to local soil degassing, while the contribution from the crater gas emission is negligible at the breathing height for humans and always remains well below the lowest indoor CO2 concentration threshold recommended by the health authorities (1000 ppm). Outdoor excess CO2 maxima up to 200 ppm above local background CO2 air concentration are estimated in the center of the village and up to 100 ppm in other zones. However, in some ground excavations or in basements the health code threshold can be exceeded. In the crater area, because of the combined effect of fumaroles and diffuse soil emissions, CO2 air concentrations can reach 5000–7000 ppm in low-wind conditions and pose a health hazard for visitors.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5398–5413
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Volcanogenic carbon dioxide plume ; Air CO2 concentration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Carbon dioxide in the urban area of Naples: Contribution and effects of the volcanic source (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Naples is a large city located between two active volcanic areas: Campi Flegrei to theWand Vesuvius to the SE. The Solfatara crater, inside the caldera of the Campi Flegrei and nearest to the western quarters of the city, is a prodigious source of natural CO2 with a mean emission rate of 1067 ton/d, i.e. seven times higher than that of Vesuvius(151 ton/d). This study shows that the area around the Solfatara and part of the urban area of Naples are affected by the volcanic plume when atmospheric circulatory patterns are dominated by the locally frequent sea breezes. Under these conditions the CO2 content in the air increases above normal values, reaching more than 1000 ppm in proximity to the Solfatara crater to a few tens of ppm several kilometres from the source. Although these values do not indicate a health risk even under the most unfavourable atmospheric conditions, the volcanic source contributes to the total CO2 burden from all urban emissions and hence to overall air quality. An emission rate ten times higher than the present one would lead to an air CO2 concentration in excess of recommended health protection thresholds.
    Description: Published
    Description: 52-61
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: CO2 dispersion; Solfatara; Gas hazard; Campi Flegrei ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    SO2 flux monitoring at Stromboli with the new permanent INGV SO2 camera system: A comparison with the FLAME network and seismological data (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We installed a permanent SO2 camera system on Stromboli, Italy, in May 2013, in order to improve our capacity to monitor the SO2 emissions from this volcano. The camera collects images of SO2 concentrations with a period of ~ 10 s, allowing quantification of short-term processes, such as the gas released during the frequent explosions which are synonymous with Stromboli. It also allows quantification of the quiescent gas flux, and therefore comparison with the FLAME network of scanning ultraviolet spectrometers previously installed on the island. Analysis of results from the SO2 camera demonstrated a good agreement with the FLAME network when the plume was blown fully into the field of view of the camera. Permanent volcano monitoring with SO2 cameras is still very much in its infancy, and therefore this finding is a significant step in the use of such cameras for monitoring, whilst also highlighting the requirement of a favourable wind direction and strength. We found that the explosion gas emissions are correlated with seismic events which have a very long period component. There is a variable time lag between event onset time and the increase in gas flux observed by the camera as the explosion gas advects into the field of view of the camera. This variable lag is related to the plume direction, as shown by comparison with the plume location detected with the FLAME network. The correlation between explosion gas emissions and seismic signal amplitude show is consistent with a gas slug-driven mechanism for seismic event production. Comparison of the SO2 camera measurements of the quiescent gas flux shows a fair quantitative agreement with the SO2 flux measured with the FLAME network. Overall, the SO2 camera complements the FLAME network well, as it allows frequent quantification of the explosion gas flux produced by Stromboli, whose signal is in general too brief to be measured with the FLAME network. Further work is required, however, to fully automate the calculation of SO2 flux from the SO2 images captured with the camera, and to adequately account for scattering effects.
    Description: Published
    Description: 95-102
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Stromboli ; SO2 flux ; VLP ; Explosion ; SO2 camera ; volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Emission of gas and atmospheric dispersion of SO2 during the December 2013 eruption at San Miguel volcano (El Salvador, Central America). (2016)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-04
    Description: Abstract San Miguel volcano, El Salvador, erupted on 29 December 2013, after a 46 year period characterized by weak activity. Prior to the eruption a trend of increasing SO2 emission rate was observed, with all values measured after mid-November greater than the average value of the previous year (~310 t d 1). During the eruption, SO2 emissions increased from the level of ~330 t d 1 to 2200 t d 1, dropping after the eruption to an average level of 680 t d 1. Wind measurements and SO2 emission rates during the preeruptive, syneruptive, and posteruptive stages were used to model SO2 dispersion around the volcano. Atmospheric SO2 concentration exceeded the dangerous threshold of 5 ppm in the crater region and in some sectors with medium elevation of the highly visited volcanic cone. Combining the SO2 emission rate with measured CO2/SO2, HCl/SO2, and HF/SO2 plume gas ratios, we estimate the CO2, HCl, and HF outputs for the first time on this volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5847–5854
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: SO2 flux, Clorine and CO2 at San miguel, cloud dispersion and hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Formation of ionospheric irregularities over Southeast Asia during the 2015 St. Patrickˈs Day storm (2017)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-23
    Description: We investigate the geospace response to the 2015 St. Patrickˈs Day storm leveraging on instruments spread over Southeast Asia (SEA), covering a wide longitudinal sector of the low-latitude ionosphere. A regional characterization of the storm is provided, identifying the peculiarities of ionospheric irregularity formation. The novelties of this work are the characterization in a broad longitudinal range and the methodology relying on the integration of data acquired by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, magnetometers, ionosondes, and Swarm satellites. This work is a legacy of the project EquatoRial Ionosphere Characterization in Asia (ERICA). ERICA aimed to capture the features of both crests of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly (EIA) and trough (EIT) by means of a dedicated measurement campaign. The campaign lasted from March to October 2015 and was able to observe the ionospheric variability causing effects on radio systems, GNSS in particular. The multiinstrumental and multiparametric observations of the region enabled an in-depth investigation of the response to the largest geomagnetic storm of the current solar cycle in a region scarcely reported in literature. Our work discusses the comparison between northern and southern crests of the EIA in the SEA region. The observations recorded positive and negative ionospheric storms, spread F conditions, scintillation enhancement and inhibition, and total electron content variability. The ancillary information on the local magnetic field highlights the variety of ionospheric perturbations during the different storm phases. The combined use of ionospheric bottomside, topside, and integrated information points out how the storm affects the F layer altitude and the consequent enhancement/suppression of scintillations.
    Description: Published
    Description: 12211–12233
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: 2A. Fisica dell'alta atmosfera
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e Osservazioni
    Description: 5IT. Osservazioni satellitari
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Saint Patrickˈs Day storm ; scintillation enhancement/suppression ; equatorial ionospheric anomaly ; positive and negative ionospheric storms ; spread F ; total electron content variability ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.02. Dynamics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.04. Plasma Physics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.07. Scintillations ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.02. Magnetic storms ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.03. Magnetospheric physics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Isotopic patterns of hydrothermal hydrocarbons emitted from Mediterranean volcanoes (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: We have analyzed the carbon isotopic composition of CO2, methane, ethane, propane and n-butane, the hydrogen isotopic composition of methane as well as total concentrations of gas constituents contained in theMediterranean volcanic–hydrothermal discharges of Nisyros (Greece), Vesuvio, La Solfatara, Ischia and Pantelleria (all Italy) to determine the origin of the hydrocarbons. Isotopic criteria conventionally used for hydrocarbon classification suggest thermogenic origins, except for Pantelleria, for which an abiogenic origin is indicated. These findings would imply that thermogenic sources can provide methane/(ethane + propane) concentration ratios as high as those usually observed for microbial hydrocarbons. However, additional consideration of gas concentration data challenges the suitability of conventional criteria for the classification of hydrocarbons emanating from hydrothermal environments. Methane seems to be in close equilibrium with co-occurring CO2, whereas its higher chain homologues are not. Therefore, it cannot be excluded that methane on the one hand and ethane, propane and n-butane on the other hand have distinct origins. The carbon isotopic composition of methane might be controlled by the carbon isotopic composition of co-occurring inorganic CO2 and by hydrothermal temperatures whereas the carbon isotopic composition of the higher n-alkanes could correspond to the maturity of organic matter and/or to the residence time of the gasses in the source system
    Description: Published
    Description: 152–163
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Hydrocarbons ; Abiogenic ; Thermogenic ; Stable isotopes ; Fumaroles ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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