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  • Glycine max  (27)
  • Springer  (27)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1990-1994  (27)
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Keywords
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  • Springer  (27)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship of Heliothis zea predators, parasitoids and entomopathogens to canopy development in soybean as affected by Heterodera glycines and weeds (1991)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 58 (1991), S. 279-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Biocontrol ; natural enemies ; Glycine max ; Heliothis zea, corn earworm ; Heterodera glycines ; soybean cyst nematode ; pest complex ; weeds ; soybean ; survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of canopy development in soybean on the survival of corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), egg and larval stages and population dynamics of arthropod fauna were evaluated in field trials during 1986–88 in eastern North Carolina. Soybean canopy size decreased as soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), initial population densities increased. Plant species composition of the soybean canopy was affected by weed population densities. Mortality of H. zea larvae due to parasitism and infection with entomopathogens was greater in closed canopy and (or) weedy soybeans than in very open and (or) weed free soybeans. Predation and parasitism of corn earworm eggs were similar across nematode and weed density treatments. Natural enemy populations increased to highest levels during July in closed canopy and (or) weedy soybeans, coinciding with availability of largest prey population reservoirs. A delay in colonization of very open and (or) weed free soybeans by beneficial arthropods until mid to late August allowed greater H. zea larval survival than in closed canopy and (or) weedy soybeans. Arthropod species richness was generally greatest in closed canopy and (or) weedy soybeans during mid to late July, with differences becoming nonsignificant in August and early September. Mean and maximum ambient temperatures were higher and relative humidities lower in open canopy than in closed canopy plots. These conditions were less favorable for development of pathogens and natural enemies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00366142
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allelopathic activity in wheat-conventional and wheat-no-till soils: Development of soil extract bioassays (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 2191-2221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cover crops ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; soybean ; Glycine max ; soil extracts ; germination bioassays ; phenolic acids ; hydroxamic acids ; allelopathy ; slope analysis ; ivy-leaved morning glory ; Ipomoea hederacea ; crimson clover ; Trifolium incarnalum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The primary objective of this research was to determine if soil extracts could be used directly in bioassays for the detection of allelopathic activity. Here we describe: (1) a way to estimate levels of allelopathic compounds in soil; (2) how pH, solute potential, and/or ion content of extracts may modify the action of allelopathic compounds on germination and radicle and hypocotyl length of crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and ivyleaved morning glory (Ipomoea hederacea L. Jacquin.); and (3) how biological activity of soil extracts may be determined. A water-autoclave extraction procedure was chosen over the immediate-water and 5-hr EDTA extraction procedures, because the autoclave procedure was effective in extracting solution and reversibly bound ferulic acid as well as phenolic acids from wheat debris. The resulting soil extracts were used directly in germination bioassays. A mixture of phenolic acids similar to that obtained from wheat-no-till soils did not affect germination of clover or morning glory and radicle and hypocotyl length of morning glory. The mixture did, however, reduce radicle and hypocotyl length of clover. Individual phenolic acids also did not inhibit germination, but did reduce radicle and hypocotyl length of both species. 6-MBOA (6-methoxy-2,3-benzoxazolinone), a conversion product of 2-o-glucosyl-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one, a hydroxamic acid in living wheat plants, inhibited germination and radicle and hypocotyl length of clover and morning glory. 6-MBOA, however, was not detected in wheat debris, stubble, or soil extracts. Total phenolic acids (FC) in extracts were determined with Folin and Ciocalteu's phenol reagent. Levels of FC in wheat-conventionaltill soil extracts were not related to germination or radicle and hypocotyl length of either species. Levels of FC in wheat-no-till soil extracts were also not related to germination of clover or morning glory, but were inversely related to radicle and hypocotyl length of clover and morning glory. FC values, solute potential, and acidity of wheat-no-till soil extracts appeared to be independent (additive) in action on clover radicle and hypocotyl length. Radicle and hypocotyl length of clover was inversely related to increasing FC and solute potential and directly related to decreasing acidity. Biological activity of extracts was determined best from slopes of radicle and hypocotyl length obtained from bioassays of extract dilutions. Thus, data derived from the water-autoclave extraction procedure, FC analysis, and slope analysis for extract activity in conjunction with data on extract pH and solute potential can be used to estimate allelopathic activity of wheat-no-till soils
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984946
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early seedling and seasonal N2-fixing symbiotic activity of two soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars inoculated with Bradyrhizobium strains of diverse origin (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 157 (1993), S. 289-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium japonicum ; Glycine max ; 15N isotope dilution ; nitrogen fixation ; nodulation ; short season ; soil temperature ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In areas with a short growing season the poor adaptability of soybean [Glycine max Meer. (L.)] to cool soil conditions is considered the primary yield limiting factor. Soybean requires temperatures in the 25 to 30°C range for optimum N2-fixation and yield. Field studies were conducted in 1990 and 1991 at Montreal, Quebec to determine whether adaptability to cool soil conditions, with respect to earlier symbiosis establishment and function, existed among either Bradyrhizobium strains or soybean genotypes. An early maturing isoline of the soybean cultivar Evans and the cultivar Maple Arrow were inoculated with one of four strains isolated from the cold soils of Hakkaido, northern Japan, or the commercially used strains 532C or USDA110, at two planting dates. Plot biomass and nodulation were assessed at seedling (V2), and flowering(R2) growth stages and harvest maturity. Soybean genotypes did not differ for pre-flowering nodulation or N2-fixation in the cool spring conditions of the first year. Seasonal N2-fixation rates were also determined at the final harvest by the N-balance and 15N-isotope dilution methods. Significantly higher symbiotic activity was found for two of the four Hakkaido strains and was reflected in higher final soybean seed yield and total N2-fixation for the growing season, as compared to the two commercial strains. Planting 14 days earlier resulted in greater early vegetative and total seasonal N2 fixation and yield in the second year when soil temperatures were warmer, emphasizing the need for the development of soybean-Bradyrhizobium combinations superior in nodule development and function under cool soil conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011057
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stomatal numbers of soybean and response to water stress (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 149 (1993), S. 283-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: drought stress ; flavonols ; Glycine max ; kaempferol ; soybean stomatal numbers ; stomatal conductance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The relationship among stomatal density, photosynthetic rate, leaf conductance, plant growth, bean yield and kaempferol triglucoside (K9) in the leaves of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) was examined in two field tests. K9 in the leaves was associated with reduced stomatal density, reduced photosynthetic rate, reduced stomatal conductance, reduced plant weight and lower bean yield. Plants with high stomatal frequency (lacking K9) were better able to take advantage of increased water supply by increasing stomatal conductance (upper surface), transpiration and bean yield. Plants with low stomatal frequency (with K9) were unresponsive to irrigation and in this sense were more tolerant of water stress, but their overall yield was low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016619
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A vapor pressure deficit effect on crop canopy photosynthesis (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 24 (1990), S. 27-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: CO2-exchange rate ; Glycine max ; Gossypium hirsutum ; humidity ; hysteresis ; moisture stress ; Sorghum bicolor ; and Zea maize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Canopy CO2-exchange rates (CER), air temperatures, and dew points were measured throughout ten days during the 1987 growing season for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench], and five soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] cultivars, and throughout seven days in 1988, on maize (Zea maize L.). The objective was to determine if the decline in CER per unit light during the afternoon is associated with a vapor pressure deficit (VPD) increase. Some of the soybean and maize plots were kept as dry as possible. A VPD term significantly contributed (P≤0.05) to a canopy CER regression model in 54 of 80 data sets in 1987. Grain sorghum was less sensitive than the well-watered soybean genotypes to an increasing VPD (P≤0.05) on three of the ten measurement days and less sensitive than cotton (P≤0.05) on only one day. Cotton demonstrated less VPD sensitivity than soybean (P≤0.05) on one day. The moisture stressed soybean plots showed a greater CER sensitivity to VPD (P≤0.05) than the well-watered soybean plots. In 1988, the frequently irrigated maize plots were less sensitive to VPD (P≤0.05) than the rain-fed plots early in the season, before the rain-fed plots were excessively damaged by moisture stress. These results indicate that the afternoon declines in canopy CER found in a number of different species are associated with increases in the VPD; recent work of others suggests that this may be due to partial stomatal closure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00032641
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenolic acid content of soils from wheat-no till, wheat-conventional till, and fallow-conventional till soybean cropping systems (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 1045-1068 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; soybean ; Glycine max ; no till ; conventional till ; soil extracts ; allelopathy ; phenolic acids ; Folin & Ciocalteu's phenol reagent ; HPLC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Soil core (0–2.5 and/or 0–10 cm) samples were taken from wheat no till, wheat-conventional till, and fallow-conventional till soybean cropping systems from July to October of 1989 and extracted with water in an autoclave. The soil extracts were analyzed for seven common phenolic acids (p-coumaric, vanillic,p-hydroxybenzoic, syringic, caffeic, ferulic, and sinapic; in order of importance) by high-performance liquid chromatography. The highest concentration observed was 4 μg/g soil forp-coumaric acid. Folin & Ciocalteu's phenol reagent was used to determine total phenolic acid content. Total phenolic acid content of 0- to 2.5-cm core samples was approximately 34% higher than that of the 0- to 10-cm core samples. Phenolic acid content of 0- to 2.5-cm core samples from wheat-no till systems was significantly higher than those from all other cropping systems. Individual phenolic acids and total phenolic acid content of soils were highly correlated. The last two observations were confirmed by principal component analysis. The concentrations were confirmed by principal component analysis, tions of individual phenolic acids extracted from soil samples were related to soil pH, water content of soil samples, total soil carbon, and total soil nitrogen. Indirect evidence suggested that phenolic acids recovered by the water-autoclave procedure used came primarily from bound forms in the soil samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01402933
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ovarian failure induced inEpilachna varivestis by a ‘death-trap’ ‘Davis’ variety ofGlycine max (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 73 (1994), S. 183-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: plant-insect interactions ; antibiosis ; ovarian failure ; non host ; Glycine max ; Epilachna varivestis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383425
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soybean leaf responses to threecornered alfalfa hopper petiole girdling (1993)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 67 (1993), S. 209-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Insecta ; threecornered alfalfa hopper ; Spissistilus festinus ; girdling ; soybean ; Glycine max
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Specific leaf weight, percent moisture, and free sugar, starch, and amino nitrogen content of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) leaves were measured at 1, 3, 7, and 10 day(s) after petiole girdling by threecornered alfalfa hopper,Spissistilus festinus (Say) (Homoptera: Membracidae) nymphs. Leaf starch was increased at 1, 3, and 7 day(s) after girdling and largely accounted for corresponding increases in specific leaf weight and decreases in percent moisture, free sugars, and amino nitrogen. Specific leaf weight was increased at 10 days after girdling despite no increase in starch. Amino nitrogen content was decreased 10 days after girdling. When leaf dry weights were corrected for starch, free sugar content was not affected by girdling, and amino nitrogen content was reduced only at 3 and 10 days. The amino nitrogen: free sugar ratio was reduced only at 10 days after girdling. Changes in leaf starch indicated a rapid but reversible effect of girdling on leaf carbohydrate metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383429
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfhydryl-reagent alteration of soybean resistance to the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (1991)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 60 (1991), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Sulfhydryl reagent ; N-ethylmaleimide ; Glycine max ; Trichoplusia ni ; alteration ; inducible resistance ; herbivory ; flavonoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The hypothesis that the sulfhydryl reagent, N-ethylmaleimide, would function as an elicitor of alterable resistance in soybean (Glycine max) plants to Trichoplusia ni herbivory was tested experimentally under greenhouse conditions. This elicitory chemical, which allows receptor thiols to add across its carbon-carbon double bond, altered the resistance in one or more leaves of plants at one or more intervals after treatment; and thus yielded results supporting the hypothesis. Leaf dipping and soil application were both effective methods of treatment. Results support the interpretation that an elicitor may function in intact plants by altering the integrity of sulfhydryl groups in receptor macromolecules which are also involved in signaling a change in the plant's biosynthesis of characteristic defensive compounds such as phenylpropanoids including antifeedant and antibiotic flavonoids. Induced feeding non-preference by T. ni was highly correlated positively with the amount of glyceollins in the leaf.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00354217
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of crop rotation and soil fumigation on a mycorrhizal fungal community associated with soybean (1993)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 3 (1993), S. 171-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Endogonaceae ; Glycine max ; Soil ecology ; Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; Community analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Population densities of mycorrhizal fungal propagules in a western Kentucky field highly productive for soybean were measured by bioassay throughout a soybean production season. The primary experimental variables were crop rotation (soybeans in 1985, then 2 years in corn, milo, fescue, or soybean, then soybean in 1988 on all plots when populations of propagules were determined) and soil fumigation with 67% methyl bromide/33% chloropicrin. Of the 20 species in three genera found, Glomus predominated both in terms of number of species and population densities. Most species of Glomus occurred at higher population densities in rotated plots than in continuous soybean plots. In continuous soybean plots, species of Gigaspora made up a much higher proportion of the mycorrhizal fungal community than in rotated crops. Species richness and diversity were lower, and dominance and equitability higher, in nonfumigated continuous soybean plots than in rotated plots early in the season, but the differences were not present at the end of the season. Soil fumigation killed most propagules in the upper 15 cm of soil, but after production of a crop of soybeans, populations of total propagules and most Glomus spp. recovered to prefumigation densities. However, Gigaspora margarita and Gigaspora gigantea did not recover similarly. Fumigation reduced species richness and diversity and increased dominance, but the effects were ameliorated by the end of the season. Colonization of roots was low during vegetative growth but increased rapidly after the onset of soybean reproduction. There was no evidence for mutualism during the early half of the season, perhaps due to high soil P and low dependency of soybean. Fumigation increased soybean yields. A stable mycorrhizal fungal community appeared to become established with continuous soybean production, and both crop rotation and soil fumigation disrupted the community.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203611
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