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  • 2015-2019  (76)
  • 1995-1999  (5)
  • 1
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    GRACILE: A comprehensive climatology of atmospheric gravity wave parameters based on satellite limb soundings, link to data in NetCDF format (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Ern, Manfred; Trinh, Quang Thai; Preusse, Peter; Gille, John C; Mlynczak, Martin G; Russell III, James M; Riese, Martin (2018): GRACILE: a comprehensive climatology of atmospheric gravity wave parameters based on satellite limb soundings. Earth System Science Data, 10(2), 857-892, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-857-2018
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-13
    Beschreibung: Gravity waves are one of the main drivers of atmospheric dynamics. The spatial resolution of most global atmospheric models, however, is too coarse to properly resolve the small scales of gravity waves, which range from tens to a few thousand kilometers horizontally, and from below 1 km to tens of kilometers vertically. Gravity wave source processes involve even smaller scales. Therefore, general circulation models (GCMs) and chemistry climate models (CCMs) usually parametrize the effect of gravity waves on the global circulation. These parametrizations are very simplified. For this reason, comparisons with global observations of gravity waves are needed for an improvement of parametrizations and an alleviation of model biases. We present a gravity wave climatology based on atmospheric infrared limb emissions observed by satellite (GRACILE). GRACILE is a global data set of gravity wave distributions observed in the stratosphere and the mesosphere by the infrared limb sounding satellite instruments High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) and Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER). Typical distributions (zonal averages and global maps) of gravity wave vertical wavelengths and along-track horizontal wavenumbers are provided, as well as gravity wave temperature variances, potential energies and absolute momentum fluxes. This global data set captures the typical seasonal variations of these parameters, as well as their spatial variations. The GRACILE data set is suitable for scientific studies, and it can serve for comparison with other instruments (ground based, airborne, or other satellite instruments) and for comparison with gravity wave distributions, both resolved and parametrized, in GCMs and CCMs.
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: application/x-netcdf, 44.3 MBytes
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN PANGAEA
  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Gini-index as a Measure of the Goodness of Prediction (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 49 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Predicting the mean life of a cohort while its survival process is still ongoing requires that the mean residual life at the prediction date be estimated. Under reasonable assumptions about these estimates, it is shown that the mean prediction error over the whole process is intimately related to the Gini-index of lives in the cohort.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00030
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Measuring the severity of unemployment (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of economics 67 (1998), S. 167-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Schlagwort(e): social welfare ; stochastic dominance ; hardship of unemployment ; D63 ; J60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract A social-welfare (illfare) function framework is applied to compare two demographic groups as to the severity of their unemployment experience. This is based on the assumption that for each individual the disutility of unemployment is an increasing and convex function of spell length. The very concept of spell length and its distribution, however, is not unambiguous. In contrast to previous literature which focuses exclusively on the “interrupted spell length in a stock of unemployed”, we stress the usefulness of the concept of “complete spell length in a cohort of unemployed”. We establish an equivalence relationship between second-degree dominance in the cohort and first-degree dominance in the stock. For specific illfare functions the disutilityU(x) when applied to the cohort and the disutilityU′(x) when applied to the stock will produce the same value of aggregate welfare (illfare).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01236068
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 4
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    Regionally Resolved Diagnostic of Transport: A Simplified Forward Model for CO2 (2017)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-01
    Beschreibung: Simply diagnostic tools are useful for understanding transport processes in complex chemistry transport models (CTMs). For this purpose, a combined use of the airmass origin fractions (AOFs) and regionally resolved mean ages (RMAs) is presented. This approach merges the concept of the origin of air with the well-known theory of the mean age of air (AoA) for different regions covering the whole Earth. The authors show how the AoA calculated relative to Earth’s surface can be decomposed into regionally resolved components (i.e., into RMAs). Using both AOFs and RMAs, the authors discuss differences in the seasonality of transport from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres into the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), the asymmetries of the interhemispheric exchange, and differences in relation to the continental or oceanic origin of air. Furthermore, a simplified transport model for a chemically passive species (tracer) is formulated that has some potential to approximate the full transport within a CTM. This analytic approach uses the AOFs as well as the RMAs as parameters to propagate a tracer prescribed on Earth’s surface (lower boundary condition). This method is exactly valid for sources that change linearly with time in each of the considered regions. The authors analyze how well this approach approximates the propagation of CO2 from the planetary boundary layer (PBL) into the whole atmosphere. The CO2 values in the PBL are specified by the CarbonTracker dataset. The authors discuss how this approach can be used for inverse modeling of CO2.
    Print ISSN: 0022-4928
    Digitale ISSN: 1520-0469
    Thema: Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von American Meteorological Society
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    The efficiency of transport into the stratosphere via the Asian and North American summer monsoon circulations (2019)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-12-20
    Beschreibung: Transport of pollutants into the stratosphere via the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) or North American summer monsoon (NASM) may affect the atmospheric composition and climate both locally and globally. We identify and study the robust characteristics of transport from the ASM and NASM regions to the stratosphere using the Lagrangian chemistry transport model CLaMS driven by both the ERA-Interim and MERRA-2 reanalyses. In particular, we quantify the relative influences of the ASM and NASM on stratospheric composition and investigate the transport pathways and efficiencies of transport of air masses originating at different altitudes in these two monsoon regions to the stratosphere. We release artificial tracers in several vertical layers from the middle troposphere to the lower stratosphere in both ASM and NASM source regions during July and August 2010–2013 and track their evolution until the following summer. We find that more air mass is transported from the ASM and NASM regions to the tropical stratosphere, and even to the southern hemispheric stratosphere, when the tracers are released clearly below the tropopause (350–360 K) than when they are released close to the tropopause (370–380 K). For tracers released close to the tropopause (370–380 K), transport is primarily into the northern hemispheric lower stratosphere. Results for different vertical layers of air origin reveal two transport pathways from the upper troposphere over the ASM and NASM regions to the tropical pipe: (i) quasi-horizontal transport to the tropics below the tropopause followed by ascent to the stratosphere via tropical upwelling, and (ii) ascent into the stratosphere inside the ASM/NASM followed by quasi-horizontal transport to the tropical lower stratosphere and further to the tropical pipe. Overall, the tropical pathway (i) is faster than the monsoon pathway (ii), particularly in the ascending branch. The abundance of air in the tropical pipe that originates in the ASM upper troposphere (350–360 K) is comparable to the abundance of air ascending directly from the tropics to the tropical pipe 10 months after (the following early summer) the release of the source tracers. The air mass contributions from the ASM to the tropical pipe are about 3 times larger than the corresponding contributions from the NASM. The transport efficiency into the tropical pipe, the air mass fraction inside this destination region normalized by the mass of the domain of origin, is greatest from the ASM region at 370–380 K. Although the contribution from the NASM to the stratosphere is less than that from either the ASM or the tropics, the transport efficiency from the NASM is comparable to that from the tropics.
    Print ISSN: 1680-7316
    Digitale ISSN: 1680-7324
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Copernicus im Namen von European Geosciences Union.
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    Intercomparison of satellite and aircraft observations of ozone, CFC-11, and NOyusing trajectory mapping (1999)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Digitale ISSN: 2156-2202
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von American Geophysical Union
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    The need for accurate long‐term measurements of water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere with global coverage (2016)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-01
    Digitale ISSN: 2328-4277
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von American Geophysical Union
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    Shift of subtropical transport barriers explains observed hemispheric asymmetry of decadal trends of age of air (2017)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-09-21
    Beschreibung: In response to global warming, the Brewer–Dobson circulation in the stratosphere is expected to accelerate and the mean transport time of air along this circulation to decrease. This would imply a negative stratospheric age of air trend, i.e. an air parcel would need less time to travel from the tropopause to any point in the stratosphere. Age of air as inferred from tracer observations, however, shows zero to positive trends in the northern mid-latitude stratosphere and zonally asymmetric patterns. Using satellite observations and model calculations we show that the observed latitudinal and vertical patterns of the decadal changes of age of air in the lower to middle stratosphere during the period 2002–2012 are predominantly caused by a southward shift of the circulation pattern by about 5°. After correction for this shift, the observations reveal a hemispherically almost symmetric decrease of age of air in the lower to middle stratosphere up to 800 K of up to −0.25 years over the 2002–2012 period with strongest decrease in the northern tropics. This net change is consistent with long-term trends from model predictions.
    Print ISSN: 1680-7316
    Digitale ISSN: 1680-7324
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Copernicus im Namen von European Geosciences Union.
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
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    Water vapor increase in the lower stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere due to the Asian monsoon anticyclone observed during the TACTS/ESMVal campaigns (2018)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-01
    Beschreibung: The impact of air masses originating in Asia and influenced by the Asian monsoon anticyclone on the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere is investigated based on in situ measurements. A statistically significant increase in water vapor (H2O) of about 0.5 ppmv (11 %) and methane (CH4) of up to 20 ppbv (1.2 %) in the extratropical stratosphere above a potential temperature of 380 K was detected between August and September 2012 during the HALO aircraft missions Transport and Composition in the UT/LMS (TACTS) and Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal). We investigate the origin of the increased water vapor and methane using the three-dimensional Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). We assign the source of the moist air masses in the Asian region (northern and southern India, eastern China, southeast Asia, and the tropical Pacific) based on tracers of air mass origin used in CLaMS. The water vapor increase is correlated with an increase of the simulated Asian monsoon air mass contribution from about 10 % in August to about 20 % in September, which corresponds to a doubling of the influence from the Asian monsoon region. Additionally, back trajectories starting at the aircraft flight paths are used to differentiate transport from the Asian monsoon anticyclone and other source regions by calculating the Lagrangian cold point (LCP). The geographic location of the LCPs, which indicates the region where the set point of water vapor mixing ratio along these trajectories occurs, can be predominantly attributed to the Asian monsoon region.
    Print ISSN: 1680-7316
    Digitale ISSN: 1680-7324
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Copernicus im Namen von European Geosciences Union.
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
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    Sampling bias adjustment for sparsely sampled satellite measurements applied to ACE-FTS carbonyl sulfide observations (2019)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-04-08
    Beschreibung: When computing climatological averages of atmospheric trace-gas mixing ratios obtained from satellite-based measurements, sampling biases arise if data coverage is not uniform in space and time. Homogeneous spatiotemporal coverage is essentially impossible to achieve. Solar occultation measurements, by virtue of satellite orbit and the requirement of direct observation of the sun through the atmosphere, result in particularly sparse spatial coverage. In this proof-of-concept study, a method is presented to adjust for such sampling biases when calculating climatological means. The method is demonstrated using carbonyl sulfide (OCS) measurements at 16 km altitude from the ACE-FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer). At this altitude, OCS mixing ratios show a steep gradient between the poles and Equator. ACE-FTS measurements, which are provided as vertically resolved profiles, and integrated stratospheric OCS columns are used in this study. The bias adjustment procedure requires no additional information other than the satellite data product itself. In particular, the method does not rely on atmospheric models with potentially unreliable transport or chemistry parameterizations, and the results can be used uncompromised to test and validate such models. It is expected to be generally applicable when constructing climatologies of long-lived tracers from sparsely and heterogeneously sampled satellite measurements. In the first step of the adjustment procedure, a regression model is used to fit a 2-D surface to all available ACE-FTS OCS measurements as a function of day-of-year and latitude. The regression model fit is used to calculate an adjustment factor that is then used to adjust each measurement individually. The mean of the adjusted measurement points of a chosen latitude range and season is then used as the bias-free climatological value. When applying the adjustment factor to seasonal averages in 30∘ zones, the maximum spatiotemporal sampling bias adjustment was 11 % for OCS mixing ratios at 16 km and 5 % for the stratospheric OCS column. The adjustments were validated against the much denser and more homogeneous OCS data product from the limb-sounding MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) instrument, and both the direction and magnitude of the adjustments were in agreement with the adjustment of the ACE-FTS data.
    Print ISSN: 1867-1381
    Digitale ISSN: 1867-8548
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Copernicus im Namen von European Geosciences Union.
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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