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  • 1
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Baxter, Allix J; Hopmans, Ellen C; Russell, James M; Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S (2019): Bacterial GMGTs in East African lake sediments: Their potential as palaeotemperature indicators. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 259, 155-169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.05.039
    Publication Date: 2023-03-14
    Description: Glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers (GMGTs) are a group of membrane spanning lipids produced by some species of archaea and bacteria. They differ from the more commonly studied glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) in having an additional covalent carbon-carbon bond connecting the two alkyl chain. The relative abundance and distribution of bacterial branched GMGTs (brGMGTs) in surface sediments from a set of East African lakes were studied. The abundance of brGMGTs relative to the brGDGTs is positively correlated to measured mean annual air temperature (MAAT), although with a significant amount of scatter. BrGMGT abundance was not correlated to lake water pH. Seven major brGMGTs that vary in degree of methylation were identified, with m/z 1020, 1034 and 1048. Further, the mass chromatograms of the m/z 1020 and 1034 brGMGTs show an interesting distribution of peaks, which likely relates to the occurrence of distinct brGMGT isomers. This structural complexity is higher than previously observed in peats and marine sediments. Principal component analysis of the fractional abundance of bacterial tetraether lipids revealed the brGMGTs behave similarly to one another but differently from both the 5- or 6-methyl brGDGTs. This suggests the brGMGTs are produced by a common source organism and are methylated at a different position. The distribution of the seven brGMGTs showed considerable correlation with MAAT. This variability was captured in a new proxy index (the brGMGTI), which showed a strong positive linear relationship with MAAT. Lacustrine brGMGTs show potential to be applied to ancient settings to provide information about paleoclimate.
    Keywords: Albert_Lake; Bandara_Lake; Batoda_Lake; Bigata_Lake; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, Ia; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, Ia (peak area); Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, Ib; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, Ib (peak area); Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, Ic; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, Ic (peak area); Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIa; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIa'; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIa' (peak area); Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIa (peak area); Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIb; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIb'; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIb' (peak area); Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIb (peak area); Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIa; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIa'; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIa' (peak area); Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIa (peak area); Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1020a; Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1020a (peak area); Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1020b; Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1020b (peak area); Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1020c; Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1020c (peak area); Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1034a; Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1034a (peak area); Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1034b; Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1034b (peak area); Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1034c; Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1034c (peak area); Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1048; Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1048 (peak area); Bugwagi_Lake; Bukurungu_East_Lake; Central_Lake; Chibwera_Lake; Country; Crane_Lake; DEPTH, water; Dimtu_Lake; Edward_Lake; Elevation of event; Enchanted_Lake__Lake; Event label; Gallery_Tarn_Lake; Garba_Gurach_Lake; GDGTs; GMGT; Hanging_Tarn_Lake; Hara_Laki_Lake; Hara_Lucas_Lake; Haro_Lakota_Lake; Harris_Tarn_Lake; Hausburg_Tarn_Lake; H-GDGT; Hut_Tarn_Lake; Ibamba_Lake; Kacuba_Lake; Kako_Lake; Kamweru_Lake; Kanyabutetere_Lake; Kanyanchu_Lake; Kasirya_Lake; Katanda_Lake; Katunda_Lake; Kifuruka_Lake; Kisibendi_Lake; Kitere_Lake; Kopello_Lake; Koromi_Lake; Kuware_Lake; Kyasunduka_Lake; Kyerbwato_Lake; Kyogo_Lake; Lake; Lake_Ellis; lakes; Lake surface area; Large_Hall_Tarn_Lake; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Lower_Kachope_Lake; Lower_Simba_Lake; Mahoma_Lake; Mahuhura_Lake; Mbayo_Lake; membrane lipids; Middle_Kachope_Lake; Mirambi_Lake; MULT; Multiple investigations; Murabio_Lake; Murusi_Lake; Mwengenyi_Lake; Nanyuki_Tarn_Lake; NIOZ_UU; NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht University; Njarayabana_Lake; Nkuruba_Lake; Nyamugosani_Lake; Nyamusingere_Lake; Nyantonde_Lake; Oblong_Tarn_Lake; palaeotemperature; pH; Ruhandika_Lake; Rutundu_Lake; sediments; Small_Hall_Tarn_Lake; Square_Tarn_Lake; Sum; Tanganyika_Lake; Teleki_Tarn_Lake; Temperature, air, annual mean; Temperature, water; tetraethers; Thompson_Lake_Lake; Togona_Lake; Veggi_Tarn_Lake; Wandakara_Lake; Wankenzi_Lake
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2991 data points
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  • 2
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Tierney, Jessica E; Oppo, Delia W; Rosenthal, Yair; Russell III, James M; Linsley, Braddock K (2010): Coordinated hydrological regimes in the Indo-Pacific region during the past two millennia. Paleoceanography, 25(1), PA1102, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001871
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: Instrumental data suggest that major shifts in tropical Pacific atmospheric dynamics and hydrology have occurred within the past century, potentially in response to anthropogenic warming. To better understand these trends, we use the hydrogen isotopic ratios of terrestrial higher plant leaf waxes (DDwax) in marine sediments from southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia, to compile a detailed reconstruction of central Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) hydrologic variability spanning most of the last two millennia. Our paleodata are highly correlated with a monsoon reconstruction from Southeast Asia, indicating that intervals of strong East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) activity are associated with a weaker Indonesian monsoon (IM). Furthermore, the centennial-scale oscillations in our data follow known changes in Northern Hemisphere climate (e.g., the Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period) implying a dynamic link between Northern Hemisphere temperatures and IPWP hydrology. The inverse relationship between the EASM and IM suggests that migrations of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and associated changes in monsoon strength caused synoptic hydrologic shifts in the IPWP throughout most of the past two millennia.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 3
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Ern, Manfred; Trinh, Quang Thai; Preusse, Peter; Gille, John C; Mlynczak, Martin G; Russell III, James M; Riese, Martin (2018): GRACILE: a comprehensive climatology of atmospheric gravity wave parameters based on satellite limb soundings. Earth System Science Data, 10(2), 857-892, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-857-2018
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: Gravity waves are one of the main drivers of atmospheric dynamics. The spatial resolution of most global atmospheric models, however, is too coarse to properly resolve the small scales of gravity waves, which range from tens to a few thousand kilometers horizontally, and from below 1 km to tens of kilometers vertically. Gravity wave source processes involve even smaller scales. Therefore, general circulation models (GCMs) and chemistry climate models (CCMs) usually parametrize the effect of gravity waves on the global circulation. These parametrizations are very simplified. For this reason, comparisons with global observations of gravity waves are needed for an improvement of parametrizations and an alleviation of model biases. We present a gravity wave climatology based on atmospheric infrared limb emissions observed by satellite (GRACILE). GRACILE is a global data set of gravity wave distributions observed in the stratosphere and the mesosphere by the infrared limb sounding satellite instruments High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) and Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER). Typical distributions (zonal averages and global maps) of gravity wave vertical wavelengths and along-track horizontal wavenumbers are provided, as well as gravity wave temperature variances, potential energies and absolute momentum fluxes. This global data set captures the typical seasonal variations of these parameters, as well as their spatial variations. The GRACILE data set is suitable for scientific studies, and it can serve for comparison with other instruments (ground based, airborne, or other satellite instruments) and for comparison with gravity wave distributions, both resolved and parametrized, in GCMs and CCMs.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/x-netcdf, 44.3 MBytes
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Keywords: Age; Age, 14C AMS; Age, 14C calibrated; Age, comment; Age, dated; Age, dated standard deviation; Age, error; BJ8-03-31MC; BJ8-03-34GGC; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Event label; GC; Gravity corer; Laboratory code/label; MUC; MultiCorer; West Sulawesi margin
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 37 data points
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Keywords: BJ8-03-31MC; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Lead-210; MUC; MultiCorer; West Sulawesi margin
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 13 data points
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Keywords: Age; AGE; BJ8-03-31MC; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Fatty acids, δ13C; Gas chromatography - Isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC-IRMS); MUC; MultiCorer; West Sulawesi margin
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 23 data points
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), described in detail elsewhere23, has been operating from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite platform almost continuously since it was first turned on in orbit on 11 October 1991. It uses the technique of solar occultation to provide vertical profiles ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018-01-24
    Description: We aim to extract a universal law that governs the gravity wave manifestation in polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs). Gravity wave morphology and the clarity level of display vary throughout the wave population manifested by the PMC albedo data. Higher clarity refers to more distinct exhibition of the features, which often correspond to larger variances and a better-organized nature. A gravity wave tracking algorithm based on the continuous Morlet wavelet transform is applied to the PMC albedo data at 83 km altitude taken by the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) Cloud Imaging and Particle Size (CIPS) instrument to obtain a large ensemble of the gravity wave detections. The horizontal wavelengths in the range of  ∼ 20–60 km are the focus of the study. It shows that the albedo (wave) power statistically increases as the background gets brighter. We resample the wave detections to conform to a normal distribution to examine the wave morphology and display clarity beyond the cloud brightness impact. Sample cases are selected at the two tails and the peak of the normal distribution to represent the full set of wave detections. For these cases the albedo power spectra follow exponential decay toward smaller scales. The high-albedo-power category has the most rapid decay (i.e., exponent  =  −3.2) and corresponds to the most distinct wave display. The wave display becomes increasingly blurrier for the medium- and low-power categories, which hold the monotonically decreasing spectral exponents of −2.9 and −2.5, respectively. The majority of waves are straight waves whose clarity levels can collapse between the different brightness levels, but in the brighter background the wave signatures seem to exhibit mildly turbulent-like behavior.
    Print ISSN: 1680-7316
    Electronic ISSN: 1680-7324
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2018-05-18
    Description: For the first time, we present an approach to derive zonal, meridional, and vertical wavelengths as well as periods of gravity waves based on only one OH* spectrometer, addressing one vibrational-rotational transition. Knowledge of these parameters is a precondition for the calculation of further information, such as the wave group velocity vector. OH(3-1) spectrometer measurements allow the analysis of gravity wave ground-based periods but spatial information cannot necessarily be deduced. We use a scanning spectrometer and harmonic analysis to derive horizontal wavelengths at the mesopause altitude above Oberpfaffenhofen (48.09∘ N, 11.28∘ E), Germany for 22 nights in 2015. Based on the approximation of the dispersion relation for gravity waves of low and medium frequencies and additional horizontal wind information, we calculate vertical wavelengths. The mesopause wind measurements nearest to Oberpfaffenhofen are conducted at Collm (51.30∘ N, 13.02∘ E), Germany, ca. 380 km northeast of Oberpfaffenhofen, by a meteor radar. In order to compare our results, vertical temperature profiles of TIMED-SABER (thermosphere ionosphere mesosphere energetics dynamics, sounding of the atmosphere using broadband emission radiometry) overpasses are analysed with respect to the dominating vertical wavelength.
    Print ISSN: 1867-1381
    Electronic ISSN: 1867-8548
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-13
    Description: Nitric oxide (NO) measurements from the Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment (SOFIE) are validated through detailed uncertainty analysis and comparisons with independent observations. SOFIE was compared with coincident satellite measurements from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) – Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) instrument and the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) instrument. The comparisons indicate mean differences of less than ∼50 % for altitudes from roughly 50 to 105 km for SOFIE spacecraft sunrise and 50 to 140 km for SOFIE sunsets. Comparisons of NO time series show a high degree of correlation between SOFIE and both ACE and MIPAS for altitudes below ∼130 km, indicating that measured NO variability in time is robust. SOFIE uncertainties increase below ∼80 km due to interfering H2O absorption and signal correction uncertainties, which are larger for spacecraft sunrise compared to sunset. These errors are sufficiently large in sunrises that reliable NO measurements are infrequent below ∼80 km.
    Print ISSN: 1867-1381
    Electronic ISSN: 1867-8548
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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