ALBERT

Description: Diverse microbial communities and numerous energy-yielding activities occur in deeply buried sediments of the eastern Pacific Ocean. Distributions of metabolic activities often deviate from the standard model. Rates of activities, cell concentrations, and populations of cultured bacteria vary consistently from one subseafloor environment to another. Net rates of major activities principally rely on electron acceptors and electron donors from the photosynthetic surface world. At open-ocean sites, nitrate and oxygen are supplied to the deepest sedimentary communities through the underlying basaltic aquifer. In turn, these sedimentary communities may supply dissolved electron donors and nutrients to the underlying crustal biosphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉D'Hondt, Steven -- Jorgensen, Bo Barker -- Miller, D Jay -- Batzke, Anja -- Blake, Ruth -- Cragg, Barry A -- Cypionka, Heribert -- Dickens, Gerald R -- Ferdelman, Timothy -- Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe -- Holm, Nils G -- Mitterer, Richard -- Spivack, Arthur -- Wang, Guizhi -- Bekins, Barbara -- Engelen, Bert -- Ford, Kathryn -- Gettemy, Glen -- Rutherford, Scott D -- Sass, Henrik -- Skilbeck, C Gregory -- Aiello, Ivano W -- Guerin, Gilles -- House, Christopher H -- Inagaki, Fumio -- Meister, Patrick -- Naehr, Thomas -- Niitsuma, Sachiko -- Parkes, R John -- Schippers, Axel -- Smith, David C -- Teske, Andreas -- Wiegel, Juergen -- Padilla, Christian Naranjo -- Acosta, Juana Luz Solis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2216-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ocean Drilling Program Leg 201 Shipboard Scientific Party, NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography, South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA. dhondt@gso.uri.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Microbes are dominant drivers of biogeochemical processes, yet drawing a global picture of functional diversity, microbial community structure, and their ecological determinants remains a grand challenge. We analyzed 7.2 terabases of metagenomic data from 243 Tara Oceans samples from 68 locations in epipelagic and mesopelagic waters across the globe to generate an ocean microbial reference gene catalog with 〉40 million nonredundant, mostly novel sequences from viruses, prokaryotes, and picoeukaryotes. Using 139 prokaryote-enriched samples, containing 〉35,000 species, we show vertical stratification with epipelagic community composition mostly driven by temperature rather than other environmental factors or geography. We identify ocean microbial core functionality and reveal that 〉73% of its abundance is shared with the human gut microbiome despite the physicochemical differences between these two ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sunagawa, Shinichi -- Coelho, Luis Pedro -- Chaffron, Samuel -- Kultima, Jens Roat -- Labadie, Karine -- Salazar, Guillem -- Djahanschiri, Bardya -- Zeller, Georg -- Mende, Daniel R -- Alberti, Adriana -- Cornejo-Castillo, Francisco M -- Costea, Paul I -- Cruaud, Corinne -- d'Ovidio, Francesco -- Engelen, Stefan -- Ferrera, Isabel -- Gasol, Josep M -- Guidi, Lionel -- Hildebrand, Falk -- Kokoszka, Florian -- Lepoivre, Cyrille -- Lima-Mendez, Gipsi -- Poulain, Julie -- Poulos, Bonnie T -- Royo-Llonch, Marta -- Sarmento, Hugo -- Vieira-Silva, Sara -- Dimier, Celine -- Picheral, Marc -- Searson, Sarah -- Kandels-Lewis, Stefanie -- Tara Oceans coordinators -- Bowler, Chris -- de Vargas, Colomban -- Gorsky, Gabriel -- Grimsley, Nigel -- Hingamp, Pascal -- Iudicone, Daniele -- Jaillon, Olivier -- Not, Fabrice -- Ogata, Hiroyuki -- Pesant, Stephane -- Speich, Sabrina -- Stemmann, Lars -- Sullivan, Matthew B -- Weissenbach, Jean -- Wincker, Patrick -- Karsenti, Eric -- Raes, Jeroen -- Acinas, Silvia G -- Bork, Peer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 22;348(6237):1261359. doi: 10.1126/science.1261359.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. sunagawa@embl.de karsenti@embl.de jeroen.raes@vib-kuleuven.be sacinas@icm.csic.es bork@embl.de. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. ; CEA-Institut de Genomique, GENOSCOPE, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France. ; Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-CSIC, Pg. Maritim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E08003, Spain. ; Sorbonne Universites, UPMC, Universite Paris 06, CNRS-IRD-MNHN, LOCEAN Laboratory, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris France. ; CNRS, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Observatoire Oceanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Universite Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Oceanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. ; Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, F-75005 Paris, France. Laboratoire de Physique des Oceans UBO-IUEM, Place Copernic 29820 Plouzane, France. ; Aix Marseille Universite CNRS IGS UMR 7256, 13288 Marseille, France. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 East Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-CSIC, Pg. Maritim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E08003, Spain. Department of Hydrobiology, Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, 13565-905 Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil. ; Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, F-75005 Paris, France. CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Universite Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, F-75005 Paris, France. ; CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Universite Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. ; CNRS UMR 7232, BIOM, Avenue du Fontaule, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France. Sorbonne Universites Paris 06, OOB UPMC, Avenue du Fontaule, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France. ; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy. ; CEA-Institut de Genomique, GENOSCOPE, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France. CNRS, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France. Universite d'Evry, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France. ; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-001, Japan. ; PANGAEA, Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany. MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany. ; Department of Geosciences, Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique (LMD), Ecole Normale Superieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. Laboratoire de Physique des Oceans UBO-IUEM, Place Copernic, 29820 Plouzane, France. ; Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, F-75005 Paris, France. Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. sunagawa@embl.de karsenti@embl.de jeroen.raes@vib-kuleuven.be sacinas@icm.csic.es bork@embl.de. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. sunagawa@embl.de karsenti@embl.de jeroen.raes@vib-kuleuven.be sacinas@icm.csic.es bork@embl.de. ; Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-CSIC, Pg. Maritim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E08003, Spain. sunagawa@embl.de karsenti@embl.de jeroen.raes@vib-kuleuven.be sacinas@icm.csic.es bork@embl.de. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Max-Delbruck-Centre for Molecular Medicine, 13092 Berlin, Germany. sunagawa@embl.de karsenti@embl.de jeroen.raes@vib-kuleuven.be sacinas@icm.csic.es bork@embl.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Marine plankton support global biological and geochemical processes. Surveys of their biodiversity have hitherto been geographically restricted and have not accounted for the full range of plankton size. We assessed eukaryotic diversity from 334 size-fractionated photic-zone plankton communities collected across tropical and temperate oceans during the circumglobal Tara Oceans expedition. We analyzed 18S ribosomal DNA sequences across the intermediate plankton-size spectrum from the smallest unicellular eukaryotes (protists, 〉0.8 micrometers) to small animals of a few millimeters. Eukaryotic ribosomal diversity saturated at ~150,000 operational taxonomic units, about one-third of which could not be assigned to known eukaryotic groups. Diversity emerged at all taxonomic levels, both within the groups comprising the ~11,200 cataloged morphospecies of eukaryotic plankton and among twice as many other deep-branching lineages of unappreciated importance in plankton ecology studies. Most eukaryotic plankton biodiversity belonged to heterotrophic protistan groups, particularly those known to be parasites or symbiotic hosts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Vargas, Colomban -- Audic, Stephane -- Henry, Nicolas -- Decelle, Johan -- Mahe, Frederic -- Logares, Ramiro -- Lara, Enrique -- Berney, Cedric -- Le Bescot, Noan -- Probert, Ian -- Carmichael, Margaux -- Poulain, Julie -- Romac, Sarah -- Colin, Sebastien -- Aury, Jean-Marc -- Bittner, Lucie -- Chaffron, Samuel -- Dunthorn, Micah -- Engelen, Stefan -- Flegontova, Olga -- Guidi, Lionel -- Horak, Ales -- Jaillon, Olivier -- Lima-Mendez, Gipsi -- Lukes, Julius -- Malviya, Shruti -- Morard, Raphael -- Mulot, Matthieu -- Scalco, Eleonora -- Siano, Raffaele -- Vincent, Flora -- Zingone, Adriana -- Dimier, Celine -- Picheral, Marc -- Searson, Sarah -- Kandels-Lewis, Stefanie -- Tara Oceans Coordinators -- Acinas, Silvia G -- Bork, Peer -- Bowler, Chris -- Gorsky, Gabriel -- Grimsley, Nigel -- Hingamp, Pascal -- Iudicone, Daniele -- Not, Fabrice -- Ogata, Hiroyuki -- Pesant, Stephane -- Raes, Jeroen -- Sieracki, Michael E -- Speich, Sabrina -- Stemmann, Lars -- Sunagawa, Shinichi -- Weissenbach, Jean -- Wincker, Patrick -- Karsenti, Eric -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 22;348(6237):1261605. doi: 10.1126/science.1261605.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. vargas@sb-roscoff.fr pwincker@genoscope.cns.fr karsenti@embl.de. ; CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. ; Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger Street, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. ; Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Science (ICM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona E08003, Spain. ; Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of Neuchatel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. ; CNRS, FR2424, Roscoff Culture Collection, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Paris 06, FR 2424, Roscoff Culture Collection, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. ; CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005 France. ; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut de Genomique, GENOSCOPE, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91000 Evry, France. ; CNRS FR3631, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, F-75005, Paris, France. Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, F-75005, Paris, France. Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005 France. CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. ; Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger Street, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. ; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. ; CNRS, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LOV), Observatoire Oceanologique, F-06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France. Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Oceanologique, F-06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France. ; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut de Genomique, GENOSCOPE, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91000 Evry, France. CNRS, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France. Universite d'Evry, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France. ; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, 180 Dundas Street West, Suite 1400, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada. ; Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005 France. ; MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany. CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. ; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy. ; Ifremer, Centre de Brest, DYNECO/Pelagos CS 10070, 29280 Plouzane, France. ; Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005 France. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Directors' Research, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Max-Delbruck-Centre for Molecular Medicine, 13092 Berlin, Germany. ; CNRS UMR 7232, Biologie Integrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Avenue du Fontaule, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France. Sorbonne Universites Paris 06, Observatoire Oceanologique de Banyuls (OOB) UPMC, Avenue du Fontaule, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France. ; Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS IGS UMR 7256, 13288 Marseille, France. ; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan. ; PANGAEA, Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany. MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany. ; Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA. National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA 22230, USA. ; Department of Geosciences, Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique (LMD), Ecole Normale Superieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. Laboratoire de Physique des Oceans, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Europeen de la Mer (IUEM), Place Copernic, 29820 Plouzane, France. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut de Genomique, GENOSCOPE, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91000 Evry, France. CNRS, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France. Universite d'Evry, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France. vargas@sb-roscoff.fr pwincker@genoscope.cns.fr karsenti@embl.de. ; Directors' Research, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005 France. vargas@sb-roscoff.fr pwincker@genoscope.cns.fr karsenti@embl.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999516" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Holocene marine transgressions are often put forward to explain observed groundwater salinities that extend far inland in deltas. This hypothesis was also proposed in the literature to explain the large land-inward extent of saline groundwater in the Nile Delta. The groundwater models previously built for the area used very large dispersivities to reconstruct this saline and brackish groundwater zone. However, this approach cannot explain the observed freshening of this zone. Here, we investigated the physical plausibility of the Holocene-transgression hypothesis to explain observed salinities by conducting a palaeohydrogeological reconstruction of groundwater salinity for the last 32 ka with a complex 3-D variable-density groundwater flow model, using a state-of-the-art version of the SEAWAT computer code that allows for parallel computation. Several scenarios with different lithologies and hypersaline groundwater provenances were simulated, of which five were selected that showed the best match with the observations. Amongst these selections, total freshwater volumes varied strongly, ranging from 1526 to 2659 km3, mainly due to uncertainties in the lithology offshore and at larger depths. This range is smaller (1511–1989 km3) when we only consider the volumes of onshore fresh groundwater within 300 m depth. In all five selected scenarios the total volume of hypersaline groundwater exceeded that of seawater. We also show that during the last 32 ka, total freshwater volumes significantly declined, with a factor ranging from 2 to 5, due to the rising sea level. Furthermore, the time period required to reach a steady state under current boundary conditions exceeded 5.5 ka for all scenarios. Finally, under highly permeable conditions the marine transgression simulated with the palaeohydrogeological reconstruction led to a steeper fresh–salt interface compared to its steady-state equivalent, while low-permeable clay layers allowed for the preservation of fresh groundwater volumes. This shows that long-term transient simulations are needed when estimating present-day fresh–salt groundwater distributions in large deltas. The insights of this study are also applicable to other major deltaic areas, since many also experienced a Holocene marine transgression.

Description: Climate change mitigation efforts require information on the current greenhouse gas atmospheric concentrations and their sources and sinks. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most abundant anthropogenic greenhouse gas. Its variability in the atmosphere is modulated by the synergy between weather and CO2 surface fluxes, often referred to as CO2 weather. It is interpreted with the help of global or regional numerical transport models, with horizontal resolutions ranging from a few hundreds of kilometres to a few kilometres. Changes in the model horizontal resolution affect not only atmospheric transport but also the representation of topography and surface CO2 fluxes. This paper assesses the impact of horizontal resolution on the simulated atmospheric CO2 variability with a numerical weather prediction model. The simulations are performed using the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) CO2 forecasting system at different resolutions from 9 to 80 km and are evaluated using in situ atmospheric surface measurements and atmospheric column-mean observations of CO2, as well as radiosonde and SYNOP observations of the winds. The results indicate that both diurnal and day-to-day variability of atmospheric CO2 are generally better represented at high resolution, as shown by a reduction in the errors in simulated wind and CO2. Mountain stations display the largest improvements at high resolution as they directly benefit from the more realistic orography. In addition, the CO2 spatial gradients are generally improved with increasing resolution for both stations near the surface and those observing the total column, as the overall inter-station error is also reduced in magnitude. However, close to emission hotspots, the high resolution can also lead to a deterioration of the simulation skill, highlighting uncertainties in the high-resolution fluxes that are more diffuse at lower resolutions. We conclude that increasing horizontal resolution matters for modelling CO2 weather because it has the potential to bring together improvements in the surface representation of both winds and CO2 fluxes, as well as an expected reduction in numerical errors of transport. Modelling applications like atmospheric inversion systems to estimate surface fluxes will only be able to benefit fully from upgrades in horizontal resolution if the topography, winds and prior flux distribution are also upgraded accordingly. It is clear from the results that an additional increase in resolution might reduce errors even further. However, the horizontal resolution sensitivity tests indicate that the change in the CO2 and wind modelling error with resolution is not linear, making it difficult to quantify the improvement beyond the tested resolutions. Finally, we show that the high-resolution simulations are useful for the assessment of the small-scale variability of CO2 which cannot be represented in coarser-resolution models. These representativeness errors need to be considered when assimilating in situ data and high-resolution satellite data such as Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT), Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2), the Chinese Carbon Dioxide Observation Satellite Mission (TanSat) and future missions such as the Geostationary Carbon Observatory (GeoCarb) and the Sentinel satellite constellation for CO2. For these reasons, the high-resolution CO2 simulations provided by the CAMS in real time can be useful to estimate such small-scale variability in real time, as well as providing boundary conditions for regional modelling studies and supporting field experiments.