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  • Articles  (275)
  • Springer  (224)
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International  (51)
  • 2015-2019  (137)
  • 2000-2004  (34)
  • 1995-1999  (104)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Advanced performance materials 4 (1997), S. 63-69 
    ISSN: 1572-8765
    Keywords: alumina coatings ; residual stress ; thermal spraying ; X-ray diffraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Residual stresses affect significantly the quality and performance of thermally sprayed coatings. The residual stresses in alumina coatings were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction with Cr- and Cu-radiations. The sin2 Ψ method could be applied to the evaluation of the stress fields. A very small stress gradient was indicated in surface layers of alumina coatings.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-122X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter  Informatik-Ausbildung ; Objektorientierung ; Smalltalk ; Java ; Integration ; Key words  Computer science curriculum ; Object orientation ; Smalltalk ; Java ; Seamless integration ; Computing Reviews Classification  D.1.5 ; D.3.2 ; K.3.2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary   A proper programming language for education in computer science should be well suited for teaching concepts of modern software techonology and abstraction techniques. Important language criteria are orthogonality, security, little effort for learning and – from the viewpoint of practical education – high academic and commercial popularity. Smalltalk satisfies these criteria to a high degree. Objectoriented thinking can be trained right from the beginning of studies. The focus moves to questions of modelling and design while language specific details become less important. Smalltalk may be used uniformly in all stages of studies, thereby reducing the diversity of programming languages and allowing for integration of software concepts from different areas such as software engineering and artificial intelligence. This is a contribution for tightening the curriculum, which seems a crucial point considering the growing importance for extending education in computer science to non computer related competence, e.g. in social areas.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung   Eine in der Informatikausbildung verwendete Programmiersprache sollte dazu geeignet sein, mit geringem Aufwand Konzepte moderner Softwareentwicklung und Abstraktionstechniken zu vermitteln. Wichtige Kriterien einer geeigneten Sprache sind u. a. Orthogonalität der Sprache, Sicherheit, geringer Lernaufwand und – aus Sicht praxisbezogener Ausbildung – hohe Verbreitung sowohl in der akademischen als auch der kommerziellen Welt. Smalltalk erfüllt diese Kriterien in hohem Maße. Als erste Programmiersprache eingesetzt, wird die objektorientierte Denkweise von Beginn des Studiums an vermittelt. Modellierungstechniken und Designfragen treten in den Vordergrund, während sprachtechnische Fragen an Bedeutung verlieren. Smalltalk kann durchgängig im gesamten Studium verwendet werden, was einerseits die Sprachvielfalt in der Ausbildung zu vermeiden hilft und andererseits Softwarekonzepte aus unterschiedlichen Bereichen wie Software-Engineering und KI nahtlos zu integrieren gestattet. Hierdurch wird ein Beitrag zur Straffung des Studiums geleistet, was angesichts einer als zunehmend wichtig erachteten stärkeren Vermittlung von nicht-informatischer Kompetenz im Studium dringend notwendig erscheint.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 84 (1997), S. 408-410 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 42.55Rz; 42.65Tg; 42.65Re
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Frauenmilich ; Thiamin ; Riboflavin ; Vitamin A ; Vitamin E ; Human milk ; thiamine ; riboflavin ; vitamin A ; vitamin E
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The contents of the vitamins B1 (27 ng/ml), B2 (57 ng/ml), A (1.3 µg/ml), and E (9.7 µg/ml) as well as β-carotene (0.2 µg/ml) in transitional human milk were determined for up to 35 women aged between 19 and 31 years. Additionally, the vitamin content in maternal and cord plasma as well as the erythrocytic transketolase- and glutathion-reductase activities of the water soluble vitamins were measured. Dietary recalls were evaluated for the nutritional intake of vitamins. Concerning the fat soluble vitamins, the breast fed newborns received the recommended amounts of the German Society of Nutrition (DGE) for this group. In contrast to this, the supply of the water soluble vitamins (B1: 13.5 µg/500 ml; B2: 28.5 µg/500 ml) attained only 5 to 10 % of the recommendations for newborns during the first two weeks after parturition with breast feeding. Vitamin content of maternal plasma (B1: 6.1±2.8 ng/ml) and erythrocytic enzyme activities (αETK: 0.86–1.62; αEGR: 1.08–1.75) indicated a low or sufficient intake, while the values in cord blood (B1: 19.8±6.5 ng/ml; αETK: 0.62–1.62; αEGR: 1.01–1.47) were in accordance with a satisfactory supply.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Gehalte der transitorischen Frauenmilch an den Vitaminen B1 (27 ng/ml), B2 (57 ng/ml), A (1,3 µg/ml) und E (9,7 µg/ml) sowie β-Carotin (0,2 µg/ml) wurden bei bis zu 35 Frauen im Alter zwischen 19 und 31 Jahren untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden die Vitamingehalte im Plasma der Wöchnerinnen und in der Nabelschnur nach der Geburt sowie bei den wasserlöslichen Vitaminen die Aktivitäten der Transketolase und der Glutathion-Reduktase in den Erythrozyten ermittelt. Ernährungsprotokolle lieferten einen Überblick über die Vitaminzufuhr. Bei den fettlöslichen Vitaminen erhielten die Säuglinge beim Stillen die von der DGE empfohlene Menge, während die Empfehlungen zur Zufuhr wasserlöslicher Vitamine in den ersten beiden Stillwochen mit einer Aufnahme von 13,5 µg/500 ml (B1) und 28,5 µg/500 ml (B2) nur zu 5–10 % erreicht wurden. Plasmaspiegel (B1: 6,1±2,8 ng/ml) und erythrozytäre Enzymaktivitäten (αETK: 0,86–1,62; αEGR: 1,08–1,75) der Wöchnerinnen wiesen eine unzureichende bis adäquate Versorgung aus, während die Werte im Nabelschnurblut (B1: 19,8±6,5 ng/ml; αETK: 0,62–1,62; αEGR: 1,01–1,47) eine gute bis befriedigende Versorgung der Säuglinge belegten.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Key words Intestinal absorption – lycopene – tomato matrices – tomato oleoresin capsules – antioxidant capacity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background: The bioavailability of carotenoids has been investigated in animal studies as well as in human studies, so far mostly for β-carotene. Only few results exist for lycopene. In recent studies, lycopene was significantly better available from processed tomatoes compared to raw tomatoes, when using daily intakes between 16.5 mg and 75 mg lycopene. Aim of the study In a comparative study the availability of a low oral lycopene dosage of 5 mg/d from different food matrices versus soft gel capsules containing tomato oleoresin was assessed. In addition to the plasma carotenoid content, the effect of lycopene ingestion on other plasma carotenoids, the lipid status parameters, and the antioxidant activitys was estimated. Methods Twenty-two female adults (20 – 27 y) were randomized in three groups and were advized to minimize their carotenoid intake for two weeks. After this initial period, two groups received a portion of tomatoes or tomato juice adjusted to a lycopene dose of 5 mg/d, the third group ingested the same dose comprized in soft gel capsules containing tomato oleoresin. During the test period of 6 weeks, the participants continued reducing the intake of carotenoids from food. Fasting blood samples were withdrawn prior to the study, before supplementation started, and then weekly while supplemented. Seven-day dietary records were prepared before the study started and after one week of supplementation. Carotenoids were analyzed by reversed phase HPLC with diode array detection. Dietary records were evaluated using the computer software EBIS 2.1. The plasma total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were determined enzymatically. In addition, the antioxidant activity of plasma was estimated by using the TEAC and the TRAP assays. Results The basal levels of lycopene in plasma were comparable for all groups (0.2 – 0.3 μmol/l) and decreased significantly during the two weeks of depletion to approximately 50 % of the basal values. Other plasma carotenoids such as β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin decreased significantly, too, whereas lutein and zeaxanthin remained unchanged. After supplementation with tomato oleoresin capsules or tomato juice, the plasma lycopene increased significantly, while it remained unchanged during intake of tomatoes. Normal dietary habits were practized of all volunteers before and during the study except vitamin C whose intake was significantly lower during the study period, because the probands were recommended to reduce the intake of fruits and vegetables. Lycopene supplementation did not affect the lipid status parameters of the three groups. After ingestion of lycopene the antioxidant activity of the plasma was not altered. Mean TEAC values were estimated to 0.33 ± 0.05 mmol/l and TRAP values to 1.0 ± 0.1 mmol/l and showed no significant differences in all groups during the whole study period. Conclusions The bioavailability of lycopene varied significantly depending on the administered matrix. Lycopene from tomato oleoresin capsules and tomato juice (processed tomatoes) was better absorbed from the intestine than lycopene from raw tomatoes. The daily intake of 5 mg lycopene, an intake comparable to the usual daily carotenoid intake, did not affect cholesterol and triglycerides in plasma or its antioxidant capacity.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 84 (1995), S. 272-286 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Synsedimentary tectonics ; Stratigraphy ; Depositional model ; Debris flows ; Submarine erosion ; Scheck breccia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Stratigraphy, lithology and depositional structures of Liassic red limestone-breccias of the Adnet Formation, including the ‘Adnet Scheck’, were studied at several outcrops of the Northern Calcareous Alps (NCA) south-east of Salzburg. A four-fold lithostratigraphic division is proposed for the Adnet Formation of the Osterhorn Mountains: the hemipelagic Schmiedwirt (Sinemurian) and Kehlbach (Carixian) members are separated from the pelagic Saubach Member (Toarcian) by a layer of amalgamated breccias (Scheck Member, probably Domerian to early Toarcian). Several other breccia beds occur locally from the base of the Kehlbach Member up to the lower Saubach Member. Although the sediments overlying the Scheck Member breccias are of coeval age, the ages of the underlying strata are very different. This can be explained by submarine Liassic erosion during a period of resedimentation from the middle Carixian until the early Toarcian. At least 10–15 m of partly lithified sediments were eroded by gravity flows. The entire Kehlbach Member and up to two-thirds of the Schmiedwirt Member were removed at Adnet. The breccias originated from submarine debris flows. Repeated flows over a long period and the depositional setting exclude a triggering by sea-level fluctuations. Most probably they arose from tectonically triggered slumps and slides of superficial sediments. The ‘Scheck’ was initiated on the steep upper slope of the drowned Triassic Adnet reef and flowed to the north-east. The Pliensbachian to early Toarcian period of tectonic activity indicated by the breccias was the most important during the Liassic in the Osterhorn Mountains and other parts of the NCA. From the large-scale regional distribution of the breccias and in accord with published data, a roughly northeast trending strike-slip fault zone is proposed, crossing the NCA south of the Osterhorn block, with a peaking activity during the Pliensbachian to early Toarcian as the cause of the tectonic movements.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Carbon isotope stratigraphy ; Conodont biostratigraphy ; Sequence stratigraphy ; Early diagenesis ; Oxygen isotopes ; Late Triassic ; Hallstatt ; Limestones ; Northern Calcareous Alps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 134 (2000), S. 237-243 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: Key words: Flow-through; potentiometric; ion-selective sensor; semi-permeable; micro total analysis systems.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract.  In this paper, a flow-through potentiometric microsensor is described which is based on semi-permeable tubing. The ion selective electrodes proposed are of the liquid membrane type in which a dialysis tube captures the ion selective cocktail. Ion selective sensors and a reference electrode based on the same design were constructed by guiding a 0.3 mm diameter dialysis tube through a cavity precision machined in Perspex®. Commercia lly available ionophore or ion-exchanger cocktails were applied to provide ion selectivity whilst a saturated KCl solution was used in the reference electrode. A number of flow-through microsensors selective to different ions (Na, K, Li, pH) were constructed and tested. Each showed good performance in a broad range of concentrations. Advantages of the proposed approach are the generic technology to make sensors with incorporate d reference electrodes, capable of measuring a wide variety of analytes for which cocktails are readily available and the fact that sub-microliter amounts of sample can be measured. Secondly, in comparison to other sensors applied in microchannels, the impedance of the flow-through sensor is much smaller because of the relatively large sensing surface formed by the tube wall. Moreover, the use of dialysis tubing enables easy integration with a so-called microdialysis probe for in-vivo sampling of the blood stream or subcutaneous tissue.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 51 (1995), S. 1094-1096 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Head critical period ; juvenile hormone ; moult regulation ; Periplaneta americana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract From neck ligation experiments with last instar larvae of the cockroachPeriplaneta americana it was concluded that the head critical period is reached around day 17, which corresponds to 59% of the last larval stage. At the same stage the juvenile hormone III titre in the hemolymph dropped to undectable levels.
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