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  • 1
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    Geochemical and isotopic insights into the assembly, evolution and disruption of a magmatic plumbing system before and after a cataclysmic caldera-collapse eruption at Ischia volcano (Italy) (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-04-22
    Beschreibung: New geochemical and isotopic data on volcanic rocks spanning the period ~75–50 ka BP on Ischia volcano, Italy, shed light on the evolution of the magmatic system before and after the catastrophic, caldera-forming Monte Epomeo Green Tuff (MEGT) eruption. Volcanic ac tivity during this period was influenced by a large, composite and differentiating magmatic system, replenished several times with isotopically distinct magmas of deepprovenance. Chemical and isotopic variations highlight that the pre-MEGT eruptions were fed by trachytic/phonolitic magmas from an isotopically zoned reservoir that were poorly enriched in radiogenic Sr and became progressively less radiogenic with time. Just prior to the MEGT eruption, the magmatic system was recharged by an isotopically distinct magma, relatively more enriched in radiogenic Sr with respect to the previously erupted magmas. This second magma initially fed several SubPlinian explosive eruptions and later supplied the climactic, phonolitic-to-trachytic MEGT eruption(s). Isotopic data, together with erupted volume estimations obtained for MEGT eruption(s), indicate that 〉5–10 km3of this relatively enriched magma had accumulated in the Ischia plumbing system. Geochemical modelling indicates that it accumulated at shallow depths (4–6 km), over a period of ca. 20 ka. After the MEGT eruption, volcanic activity was fed by a new batch of less differentiated (trachyte-latite) magma that was slightly less enriched in radiogenic Sr. The geochemical and Sr–Nd-isotopic variations through time reflect the upward flux of isotopically distinct magma batches, variably contaminated byHercynian crust at 8–12 km depth. The deep-sourced latitic to trachytic magmas stalled at shallow depths (4–6 km depth), differentiated to phonolite through crystal fractionation and assimilation of a feldspar-rich mush, or ascended directly to the surface and erupted.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1035
    Beschreibung: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Beschreibung: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Ischia volcano ; Magmatic plumbing system ; Radiogenic isotopes ; Geothermometry ; Feldspar assimilation ; Caldera collapse
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 2
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    Decade-long monitoring of seismic velocity changes at the Irpinia fault system (southern Italy) reveals pore pressure pulsations (2022)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-24
    Beschreibung: Several studies have monitored crustal seismic velocity changes and attempted to relate them to the stress state and physical properties in volume embedding fault systems. The aim is to provide constraints on fault system dynamics and earthquake triggering mechanisms. Here, we reconstruct the spatiotemporal (4D) seismic velocity images of volume embedding the Irpinia fault system (IFS, South Italy), which originated the 1980 Ms 6.9 multi-segmented ruptures. By inverting data from more than ten years of continuous seismicity monitoring, we retrieved time-constant velocity anomalies, whose shapes correlate well with crustal lithology, while time-changing (up to 20%) velocity anomalies are mapped in the central region. Here, the Vp-to-Vs changes at depths of 1-5 km and 8-12 km correlate well with groundwater recharge and geodetic displacement during the same time interval. This correlation provides evidence for the existence of pulsating, pore pressure changes induced by groundwater recharge processes in a deep volume (8-12 km of depth), fractured and saturated with a predominant gas phase (likely CO2). We suggest that tomographic measurements of the Vp-to-Vs spatiotemporal changes are a suitable proxy to track the pore pressure evolution at depth in highly sensitive regions of fault systems.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1247
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    The Pisciarelli main fumarole mechanisms reconstructed by electrical resistivity and induced polarization imaging (2021)
    Nature PG
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-12-16
    Beschreibung: Pisciarelli, together with the adjacent Solfatara maar-diatreme, represents the most active structure of the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) in terms of degassing and seismic activity. This paper aims to define the structure of the Pisciarelli hydrothermal system (down to a 20 m depth) through electrical resistivity and time-domain-induced polarization tomography and self-potential mapping. The retrieved 3D image of the area helps reconstruct the Pisciarelli subsurface in its area of maximum degassing, containing the main fumarole ("soffione") and the mud pool. In particular, a channel has been identified in which fluids stored in a deeper reservoir rise toward the surface. Such a structure seems to be surmounted by a clay-cap formation that could govern the circulation of fluids and the abundance of gases/vapors emitted by the soffione. Based on this new reconstruction of the Pisciarelli fumarolic field structural setting, the first conceptual model has been suggested that is capable of simultaneously explaining the mechanisms governing soffione activity and elucidating the role played by the fluid/gas of deeper origin in the shallow fluid circulation system. The proposed model can potentially help to better monitor the processes occurring throughout the Pisciarelli fumarolic field and provide an evaluation of the associated hazards.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 18639
    Beschreibung: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Campi Flegrei caldera ; Pisciarelli fumarolic field ; electrical resistivity imaging ; induced polarization imaging ; 04. Solid Earth ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 4
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    Uncovering the eruptive patterns of the 2019 double paroxysm eruption crisis of Stromboli volcano (2021)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-11-25
    Beschreibung: In 2019, Stromboli volcano experienced one of the most violent eruptive crises in the last hundred years. Two paroxysmal explosions interrupted the 'normal' mild explosive activity during the tourist season. Here we integrate visual and field observations, textural and chemical data of eruptive products, and numerical simulations to analyze the eruptive patterns leading to the paroxysmal explosions. Heralded by 24 days of intensified normal activity and 45 min of lava outpouring, on 3 July a paroxysm ejected ~6 × 107 kg of bombs, lapilli and ash up to 6 km high, damaging the monitoring network and falling towards SW on the inhabited areas. Intensified activity continued until the less energetic, 28 August paroxysm, which dispersed tephra mainly towards NE. We argue that all paroxysms at Stromboli share a common pre-eruptive weeks-to months-long unrest phase, marking the perturbation of the magmatic system. Our analysis points to an urgent implementation of volcanic monitoring at Stromboli to detect such long-term precursors.
    Beschreibung: INGV–Progetti Strategici Dipartimentali 2019, Project ‘UNO: UNderstanding the Ordinary to forecast the extraordinary: an integrated approach for studying and interpreting the explosive activity at Stromboli volcano’ MIUR-PRIN 2017, Project ‘Time scales of solidification in magmas: applications to volcanic eruptions, silicate melts, glasses, glass-ceramics’.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 4213
    Beschreibung: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Beschreibung: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Beschreibung: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 5
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    Groundwater of Sicily (Italy) Close to Landfill Sites: Quality and Human Health Risk Assessment (2021)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-12-10
    Beschreibung: Groundwater close to three municipal solid waste landfll sites in Sicily (southern Italy) was sampled to determine the presence of contaminants and the risk associated with its possible use as drinking and sanitary water. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and metals were investigated. These target compounds are the most common pollutants present in leachates. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (RAGS, US EPA) was used to assess human health risk. Ingestion, dermal, and total exposure to these xenobiotic contaminants in groundwater were evaluated, and the cancer and non-cancer risk indexes were calculated. The results revealed that, while the groundwater complied with Italian Drinking Water Directive 30/2001, it did not comply with the "good environmental state" criteria of Directive 30/2009 at two of the three sites investigated. Worrying results were revealed by the risk assessment at the investigated sites. Cancer and non-cancer risk indexes indicated a probable risk, mainly due to dermal exposure to groundwater. These results underline the importance of assessing the risk for all possible routes, evaluating not only ingestion but also dermal exposure, especially when organic pollutants are present. The results of this study show that human health risk has probably been underestimated in the past, as dermal exposure to organic pollutants has only rarely been evaluated in the literature.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 535–550
    Beschreibung: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Human health risk ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Polychlorinated biphenyls ; Dioxin PCDD/Fs ; Toxic elements ; Environmental quality standard
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 6
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    Geochemical characterisation of the thermo-mineral waters of Greece (2021)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-06-22
    Beschreibung: Geothermal areas of Greece are located in regions affected by recent volcanism and in continental basins characterised by elevated heat flow. Many of them are found along the coast and thus, water is often saline due to marine intrusion. In the current study, we present about 300 unpublished and literature data from thermal and cold mineral waters collected along Greece. Samples were analysed for major ions, Li, SiO2 and isotopes in water. Measured temperatures range from 6.5 to 98°C, pH from 1.96 to 11.98, whilst Total Dissolved Solutes (TDS) from 0.22 to 51 g/L. Waters were subdivided into four main groups: i) thermal; ii) cold; iii) acidic (pH 〈5) and iv) hyperalkaline (pH 〉11). On statistical basis, the thermal waters were subdivided into subgroups according to both their temperature [warm (〈29 °C), hypothermal (29-48 °C), thermal (48-75 °C) and hyperthermal (〉75 °C)] and TDS [low salinity (〈4 g/L), brackish (4-30 g/L) and saline (〉30 g/L)]. Cold waters were subdivided basing on their pCO2 [low (〈0.05 atm), medium (0.05-0.85 atm) and high (〉0.85 atm)]. δ18O-H2O ranges from -12.7 to +2.7 ‰ vs. SMOW, while δ2H-H2O from -91 to +12 ‰ vs. SMOW being generally comprised between the Global Meteoric Water Line and the East Mediterranean Meteoric Water Line. Positive δ18O shifts with respect to the former are mostly related to mixing with seawater, while only for a few samples they point to high-temperature water-rock interaction processes. Only a few thermal waters gave reliable geothermometric estimates, suggesting reservoir temperatures between 80 and 260 °C.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2111–2133
    Beschreibung: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Hydrogeochemistry ; Stable isotopes ; Carbon dioxide ; Geothermometry ; 03. Hydrosphere ; 03.04. Chemical and biological
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Historically unprecedented Northern Gulf of Mexico hurricane activity from 650 to 1250 CE (2020)
    Nature Research
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Rodysill, J. R., Donnelly, J. P., Sullivan, R., Lane, P. D., Toomey, M., Woodruff, J. D., Hawkes, A. D., MacDonald, D., d'Entremont, N., McKeon, K., Wallace, E., & van Hengstum, P. J. Historically unprecedented Northern Gulf of Mexico hurricane activity from 650 to 1250 CE. Scientific Reports, 10(1), (2020): 19092. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-75874-0.
    Beschreibung: Hurricane Michael (2018) was the first Category 5 storm on record to make landfall on the Florida panhandle since at least 1851 CE (Common Era), and it resulted in the loss of 59 lives and $25 billion in damages across the southeastern U.S. This event placed a spotlight on recent intense (exceeding Category 4 or 5 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale) hurricane landfalls, prompting questions about the natural range in variability of hurricane activity that the instrumental record is too short to address. Of particular interest is determining whether the frequency of recent intense hurricane landfalls in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) is within or outside the natural range of intense hurricane activity prior to 1851 CE. In this study, we identify intense hurricane landfalls in northwest Florida during the past 2000 years based on coarse anomaly event detection from two coastal lacustrine sediment archives. We identified a historically unprecedented period of heightened storm activity common to four Florida panhandle localities from 650 to 1250 CE and a shift to a relatively quiescent storm climate in the GOM spanning the past six centuries. Our study provides long-term context for events like Hurricane Michael and suggests that the observational period 1851 CE to present may underrepresent the natural range in landfalling hurricane activity.
    Beschreibung: Funding for this project was provided by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) grant and NSF awards 0903020, 1902463, and 1854980 awarded to Jeffrey Donnelly, and the USGS Land Change Science Program.
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 8
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    The contribution of water radiolysis to marine sedimentary life (2021)
    Nature Research
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-27
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Sauvage, J. F., Flinders, A., Spivack, A. J., Pockalny, R., Dunlea, A. G., Anderson, C. H., Smith, D. C., Murray, R. W., & D'Hondt, S. The contribution of water radiolysis to marine sedimentary life. Nature Communications, 12(1), (2021): 1297, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21218-z.
    Beschreibung: Water radiolysis continuously produces H2 and oxidized chemicals in wet sediment and rock. Radiolytic H2 has been identified as the primary electron donor (food) for microorganisms in continental aquifers kilometers below Earth’s surface. Radiolytic products may also be significant for sustaining life in subseafloor sediment and subsurface environments of other planets. However, the extent to which most subsurface ecosystems rely on radiolytic products has been poorly constrained, due to incomplete understanding of radiolytic chemical yields in natural environments. Here we show that all common marine sediment types catalyse radiolytic H2 production, amplifying yields by up to 27X relative to pure water. In electron equivalents, the global rate of radiolytic H2 production in marine sediment appears to be 1-2% of the global organic flux to the seafloor. However, most organic matter is consumed at or near the seafloor, whereas radiolytic H2 is produced at all sediment depths. Comparison of radiolytic H2 consumption rates to organic oxidation rates suggests that water radiolysis is the principal source of biologically accessible energy for microbial communities in marine sediment older than a few million years. Where water permeates similarly catalytic material on other worlds, life may also be sustained by water radiolysis.
    Beschreibung: This project was funded by the US National Science Foundation (through grant NSF-OCE-1130735 and the Center for Deep Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations [C-DEBI; grant NSF-OCE-0939564]); the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant NNX12AD65G); the U.S. Science Support Program, IODP; and a Schlanger Ocean Drilling Fellowship to J.F.S. This is a contribution to the Deep Carbon Observatory (DCO). It is C-DEBI publication 553.
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 9
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    Relationships between ground motion parameters and macroseismic intensity for Italy (2020)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-24
    Beschreibung: The relation between macroseismic intensity and ground shaking makes it possible to transform instrumental Ground Motion Parameters (GMPs) in macroseismic intensity and vice versa, and is therefore useful for making comparisons between estimates of seismic hazard determined in terms of GMPs and macroseismic intensity, and for other engineering and seismological applications. Empirical relationships between macroseismic intensity and different recorded GMPs for the Italian territory are presented in this paper. The coefficients are calibrated using a dataset of horizontal geometrical mean GMPs, i.e. peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), spectral acceleration (SA) at 0.2, 0.3, 1.0 and 2.0 s from the ITalian ACcelerometric Archive (ITACA; Luzi et al. 2019), and macroseismic intensity at Mercalli-Cancani-Sieberg (MCS) scale from the database DBMI15 (Locati et al. 2019). A dataset was obtained that corresponds to 240 pairs of macroseismic intensity-GMPs from 67 Italian earthquakes in the time window 1972-2016 with moment magnitude ranging from 4.2 to 6.8 and macroseismic intensity in the range [2, 10-11]. The final dataset is developed correlating strong motion stations and macroseismic intensity observations generally within 2 km from each other, but the associations is manually validated through the expert opinion. The adopted functional form is non-linear predicting macroseismic intensity as a function of LogGMPs and vice versa by performing separate regressions. The set of empirical conversion relationships GMP-I MCS -GMP and the associated standard deviations are compared with previous models. The results of an illustrative PSHA, obtained using a new seismogenic zonation (Santulin et al. 2017), proposed as one of the inputs of the new Italian seismic hazard model (Meletti et al. 2017), are used to analyse and compare seismic hazard assessment in terms of PGA and the related seismic hazard map in terms of macroseismic intensity (MCS) obtained using the empirical relationships here proposed for the PGA.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 5143–5164
    Beschreibung: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): macroseismic ; intensity ; groundmotionparameters ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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