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  • Inter-Research  (7)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (1)
  • 2020-2022  (7)
  • 1950-1954  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of L -Ascorbic Acid in Plants and Animals (1953)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 171 (1953), S. 348-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The experimental facts are as follows. The y-lactones of D-glucuronic acid and L-gulonic acid, when fed to cress seedlings or injected into rats, were found to be transformed, into L-ascorbic acid. D-Galacturonic acid methyl ester, and L-galactonic acid y-lactone behaved similarly. No other sugar ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/171348a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Carbon budgets of two typical polyculture pond systems in coastal China and their potential roles in the global carbon cycle (2020)
    Inter-Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-26
    Description: The role of aquaculture systems in the global carbon cycle is poorly understood to date. We investigated the carbon budgets in 2 polyculture systems (PM: swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus with kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus; and PMR: crab, shrimp and short-necked clam Ruditapes philippinarum) during the farming season (125 d in total). The main carbon input occurred via water (PM: 55.06%; PMR: 62.50%), followed by that via feed. PM absorbed 21.55 g C m-2 across the air-water interface, accounting for 13.27% of the total input. The carbon output via water was the main output in both PM (89.17%) and PMR (46.43%). PMR emitted 53.00 g C m-2 into the atmosphere during the farming season, accounting for 32.53% of the total output. The carbon output by harvested animals in PMR accounted for 19.48% of the total output, which was much higher than that in PM (5.71%). Carbon accumulation in the sediment was significantly higher in PM than in PMR (p 〈 0.05), but the value of both represented a small portion of the total output. Clam farming in the polyculture system profoundly altered the carbon budgets by changing the CO2 flux direction, reducing carbon accumulation in water and sediments and increasing the carbon output by harvested animals. In terms of the global warming potential, which was calculated from the results of CO2 and CH4 fluxes across the air-water interface, PM had the potential for mitigating the greenhouse effect on the 20 yr horizon, whereas PMR exacerbated global warming. Our results suggest that PM acted as a net carbon sink in the global carbon cycle, while PMR acted as a carbon source.
    Print ISSN: 1869-215X
    Electronic ISSN: 1869-7534
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Inter-Research
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  • 3
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    Effects of habitat on reef fishes biodiversity and composition in rocky reefs (2020)
    Inter-Research
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    Publication Date: 2020-10-22
    Description: Reef fish are highly valuable to human society—socially, nutritionally and economically. However, they are vulnerable to both overfishing and habitat degradation. Understanding the community structure and habitat associations of reef fish is important for their management and conservation. Using a gillnet survey conducted in a subtropical rocky reef area of Ma’an Archipelago, China, we developed habitat models linking reef fish diversity and community composition with habitat factors. The parsimonious generalized additive model results showed that higher reef fish diversity was associated with southern shallower water, temperature of 25°C, lower levels of dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a, and rock bottom type. The multivariate generalized linear model identified that month, depth, bottom type, and location significantly influenced the local reef fish; these habitat variables explained 18% of the variation in reef fish community composition. However, the lack of strong patterns and correlations between species derived from the joint species distribution model revealed that reefs within our study area are difficult to classify based on habitat-driven patterns in their associated reef fish assemblages. These findings enhance our understanding of the habitat effects on reef fish diversity and community composition and have relevance for the management of reef fish, including habitat zonation and deployment of artificial reefs.
    Print ISSN: 1864-7782
    Electronic ISSN: 1864-7790
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Inter-Research
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  • 4
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    Urban climate research and planning applications in China: a scientometric and long-term review (1963-2018) based on CiteSpace (2020)
    Inter-Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-27
    Description: Urban climate research is essential for sustainable development. Few review papers have focused on long-term research and planning applications in China. We conducted a bibliometric review by using CiteSpace to elaborate changes in hot spots, frontiers, development processes, and applications of urban climate research from 1963 to 2018. The identified research could be categorized into 4 major research hot spots: (1) the urban climate effect brought on by urbanization; (2) analysis of meteorological factors and conditions; (3) numerical simulation of urban climate; and (4) urban planning and design in the context of climate change. Moreover, 15 of the most frequently cited key words indicating research frontiers with specific time patterns were detected, and 4 key aspects were identified in terms of research topic: urban climate effects and mechanisms, progress and reform of meteorological service systems, multi-scale numerical modeling, and mitigation and adaptation strategies for addressing climate change. Climate applications in China have undergone changes from the early wind rose map, to the use of multiple meteorological elements as a guide to city planning, and recently, to the adoption of emerging applications. Challenges and prospects, including the probable effects of the government and policies, specific long-standing research gaps, the paradigm shift in urban planning, and the requirement for readily available urban data were also highlighted. This study provides a holistic perspective on the development process of long-term urban climate research in China. The findings may be pivotal in understanding the inner logic behind policies and their implementations and are expected to pave the way for exploring new paths in urban sustainable development and planning transformation.
    Print ISSN: 0936-577X
    Electronic ISSN: 1616-1572
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Inter-Research
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  • 5
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    Evaluation of net shortwave radiation over China with a regional climate model (2020)
    Inter-Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-04
    Description: The regional climate model RegCM version 4.6, developed by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis, was used to simulate the radiation budget over China. Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) satellite data were utilized to evaluate the simulation results based on 4 radiative components: net shortwave (NSW) radiation at the surface of the earth and top of the atmosphere (TOA) under all-sky and clear-sky conditions. The performance of the model for low-value areas of NSW was superior to that for high-value areas. NSW at the surface and TOA under all-sky conditions was significantly underestimated; the spatial distribution of the bias was negative in the north and positive in the south, bounded by 25°N for the annual and seasonal averaged difference maps. Compared with the all-sky condition, the simulation effect under clear-sky conditions was significantly better, which indicates that the cloud fraction is the key factor affecting the accuracy of the simulation. In particular, the bias of the TOA NSW under the clear-sky condition was
    Print ISSN: 0936-577X
    Electronic ISSN: 1616-1572
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Inter-Research
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  • 6
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    Possible climate-induced environmental impacts on parasite-infection rates of northern shrimp Pandalus borealis eggs in the Gulf of Maine (2020)
    Inter-Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: The Gulf of Maine northern shrimp Pandalus borealis population once supported a significant commercial winter fishery for the New England states. However, the fishery has been on moratorium since 2014 due to consecutive recruitment failures. The issue of parasite-infected eggs, so-called ‘white eggs,’ has long been identified for the Gulf of Maine northern shrimp, which makes shrimp eggs nonviable and subsequently hampers the recruitment potential. Furthermore, the proportion of infected females was observed to increase with water temperature. As Gulf of Maine temperatures have been increasing for decades, it is important to re-visit issues related to white eggs to evaluate possible impacts of climate-induced environmental changes on the white egg infection rates. We used biological samples collected by the Northeast Fisheries Science Center in 2012-2016 to evaluate the probability that a female shrimp was infected (Pinf) and the proportion of white eggs in an infected female shrimp (pwe). Although Pinf was high, with an average of 73.81% over the Gulf of Maine, pwe was mostly
    Print ISSN: 0177-5103
    Electronic ISSN: 1616-1580
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Published by Inter-Research
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  • 7
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    Drivers of planting area and yield shifts for three staple crops across China, 1950-2013 (2020)
    Inter-Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-30
    Description: Although the planting areas and yields of 3 staple crops (rice, maize and wheat) in China have undergone dramatic spatial and temporal changes, their geographical dynamics are still unknown. A centroid method was introduced to quantitatively characterize the geographical dynamics of the crop planting area (CPA) and crop yield (CY) for the 3 staple crops from 1950 to 2013 in China. The results showed that the national centroid for rice CPA moved 389.5 km to the northeast during 1950-2013. It moved 430.0, 292.9, and 363.5 km to the northeast for rice CY, maize CPA and maize CY, respectively. However, the centroid for wheat CPA and CY moved randomly. Further panel analyses showed that increasing temperature played a significant and consistently positive role in the shifts of CPA and CY for rice and maize. Precipitation also played a significant positive role, but had a less spatially consistent impact. However, temperature had a significant negative impact on the shifts of CPA and CY for wheat. Socio-economic factors dominated the shifts of the CPA and CY centroids, including agricultural gross domestic product, the power of agricultural machines, and effective irrigated areas. Our study highlights that the shifts of both CY and CPA should be considered in investigating the impacts of climate change and socio-economic development on crop production and the related adaptation measures.
    Print ISSN: 0936-577X
    Electronic ISSN: 1616-1572
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Inter-Research
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  • 8
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    Predicting bycatch hotspots based on suitable habitat derived from fishery-independent data (2020)
    Inter-Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-07
    Description: Bycatch remains a global problem in managing sustainable fisheries. A critical aspect of management is understanding the timing and spatial extent of bycatch. Fisheries management often relies on observed bycatch data, which are not always available due to a lack of reporting or observer coverage. Alternatively, analyzing the overlap in suitable habitat for the target and non-target species can provide a spatial management tool to understand where bycatch interactions are likely to occur. Potential bycatch hotspots based on suitable habitat were predicted for cusk Brosme brosme incidentally caught in the Gulf of Maine American lobster Homarus americanus fishery. Data from multiple fisheries-independent surveys were combined in a delta-generalized linear mixed model to generate spatially explicit density estimates for use in an independent habitat suitability index. The habitat suitability indices for American lobster and cusk were then compared to predict potential bycatch hotspot locations. Suitable habitat for American lobster has increased between 1980 and 2013 while suitable habitat for cusk decreased throughout most of the Gulf of Maine, except for Georges Basin and the Great South Channel. The proportion of overlap in suitable habitat varied interannually but decreased slightly in the spring and remained relatively stable in the fall over the time series. As Gulf of Maine temperatures continue to increase, the interactions between American lobster and cusk are predicted to decline as cusk habitat continues to constrict. This framework can contribute to fisheries managers’ understanding of changes in habitat overlap as climate conditions continue to change and alter where bycatch interactions could occur.
    Print ISSN: 0171-8630
    Electronic ISSN: 1616-1599
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Inter-Research
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