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  • Springer  (58)
  • 2020-2023
  • 2020-2022  (5)
  • 2000-2004  (14)
  • 1995-1999  (39)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalies in the growth kinetics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains in aerobic chemostat cultures (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 231-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; aerobic; chemostat; growth kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aerobic glucose-limited chemostat cultivations were conducted with Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains NRRL Y132, ATCC 4126 and CBS 8066, using a complex medium. At low dilution rates all three strains utilised glucose oxidatively with high biomass yield coefficients, no ethanol production and very low steady-state residual glucose concentrations in the culture. Above a threshold dilution rate, respiro-fermentative (oxido-reductive) metabolism commenced, with simultaneous respiration and fermentation occurring, which is typical of Crabtree-positive yeasts. However, at high dilution rates the three strains responded differently. At high dilution rates S. cerevisiae CBS 8066 produced 7–8 g ethanol L−1 from 20 g glucose L−1 with concomitant low levels of residual glucose, which increased markedly only close to the wash-out dilution rate. By contrast, in the respiro-fermentative region both S. cerevisiae ATCC 4126 and NRRL Y132 produced much lower levels of ethanol (3–4 g L−1) than S. cerevisiae CBS 8066, concomitant with very high residual sugar concentrations, which was a significant deviation from Monod kinetics and appeared to be associated either with high growth rates or with a fermentative (or respiro-fermentative) metabolism. Supplementation of the cultures with inorganic or organic nutrients failed to improve ethanol production or glucose assimilation. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 231–236.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900813
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A variable-depth search algorithm for the recursive bipartitioning of signal flow graphs (1995)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 17 (1995), S. 159-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Graph partitioning ; local search ; real timevideo signal processing ; Graphen-Partitionierung ; Lokale Suche ; Real-time Videosignalverarbeitung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Videoalgorithmen transformieren Videosignale, also die zur Bilderzeugung notwendigen Informationseinheiten, um Bildqualität oder die Möglichkeiten spezieller Features, wie Teletext oder Bild-in-Bild-Wiedergabe, zu erhöhen. Eigene, anwendungsspezifische und häufig nur einem Videoalgorithmus zuteilbare, schnelle Videosignalprozessoren sind für die Ausführung von Videoalgorithmen verantwortlich. Die Zuordnung der Algorithmen und Prozessoren ist, aufgrund der großen Zahl zu beachtender Restriktionen, ein NP-schweres Problem, so daß eine Aufspaltung in die drei Teilprobleme Terminierung, Partitionierung und Scheduling von Operationen sinnvoll wird. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden das Partitionierungsproblem und die Beschreibung von Videoalgorithmen mittels Signalflußgraphen betrachtet. Ein auf lokaler Suche basierendes Lösungsverfahren erzeugt rekursiv Bipartitionen des Graphen, die komplexe Nachbarschaften variabler Tiefe generieren. Rechenergebnisse zeigen, daß die vielzitierte Universalität und Flexibilität lokaler Suchverfahren erfolgreich zur Lösung schwieriger, stark restringierter Probleme genutzt werden können.
    Notes: Abstract We discuss the use of local search techniques for mapping video algorithms onto programmable high-performance video signal processors. The mapping problem is very complex due to many constraints that need to be satisfied in order to obtain a feasible solution. The complexity is reduced by decomposing the mapping problem into three subproblems, namely delay management, partitioning, and scheduling. We present the partitioning problem and the representation of video algorithms by signal flow graphs. Furthermore, we propose a solution strategy that is based on recursive bipartitioning of these graphs. The bipartitions are generated using a variable-depth search algorithm. The results demonstrate that the frequently cited flexibility of local search techniques can be successfully exploited in handling complicated problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01719261
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The composition of the coastal fish fauna around Elephant Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica) (2000)
    Springer
    Polar biology 23 (2000), S. 825-832 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The composition of the coastal fish fauna around Elephant Island (northern South Shetland Islands) was investigated during seven bottom trawl surveys of FRV “Walther Herwig”, FV “Polarstern” and FRV “Yuzhmorgeologiya” from 1981 to 1998. Low-Antarctic (or lesser or peri-Antarctic) fish species were the predominant element of the coastal fish fauna. Large-scale fishing from 1978 to 1981 reduced stock sizes of the most abundant species Champsocephalus gunnari and Notothenia rossii to the extent that only a small fraction of the initial stock remained. After the period of intensive fishing, Gobionotothen gibberifrons became the most abundant species around the island. The by-catch species, which had probably been less affected by harvesting, recovered by the end of the 1980s/beginning of the 1990s. Fish biomass was highest in the 100- to 400-m depth range. An MDS plot revealed the existence of five groups of species that overlapped in their distribution to some extent. One important factor that separated the five groups was depth. Other factors that might have been important in structuring the vertical distribution of the fish fauna, such as bottom topography and sediment type, could not be investigated. Species composition was dominated by a few abundant low-Antarctic species. In four of the five groups, G. gibberifrons was by far the most abundant species, after C. gunnari and N. rossii had been largely eliminated due to fishing. Only in the 100- to 200-m depth range was C. gunnari more abundant than G. gibberifrons. In the 400- to 500-m depth stratum, a high-Antarctic species, Chionodraco rastrospinosus, and Lepidonotothen squamifrons, a species of Patagonian origin which lacks antifreeze glycopeptides, gained some importance. Species richness showed a positive trend with increasing depth. Evenness and Hill's N1 index were highest in the shallowest and deepest depth strata. Hill's N2 index was lowest in depth strata 3 and 4, which had the most even distribution of the abundant fish species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000000159
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The production of γ-linolenic acid by selected members of the Dikaryomycota grown on different carbon sources (1997)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 72 (1997), S. 191-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: carbon source ; Dikaryomycota ; γ-linolenic acid ; lipids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In this study, seven fungal strains, representing different phylogenetic groups within the Dikaryomycota, were tested for the presence of γ-linolenic acid [18:3(ω6)], when grown in synthetic liquid media devoid of fatty acids, on a series of 40 different carbon sources. The fungal strains represented the species Dipodascopsis uninucleata, Eurotium rubrum, Galactomyces geotrichum, Neurospora crassa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Spongipellis unicolor and Talaromyces flavus. Cultures were periodically harvested during growth and the fatty acids in the total lipids analysed as methyl esters, using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. It was found that 18:3(ω6) is present in E. rubrum CBS 350.65, S. unicolor CBS 117.16 and in T. flavus CBS 310.38NT, when these strains were grown on certain carbon sources. No correlation between the growth phase of the organism and the presence of 18:3(ω6) could be detected. In order to confirm the production of 18:3(ω6), the lipid metabolism of two unrelated dikaryomycotan fungi (S. unicolor CBS 117.16 and E. rubrum CBS 350.65) grown on two different carbon sources each, was examined. Cultures of E. rubrum CBS 350.65 were grown on glucose and sorbose and cultures of S. unicolor CBS 117.16 on glucose and sucrose in synthetic liquid media with a C:N ratio of 50:1 (w/w). The total lipids of these cultures were fractionated and the fatty acids in the fractions analysed as methyl esters, using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The lipid metabolism of both E. rubrum CBS 350.65 and S. unicolor CBS 117.16 differed on the two carbon sources used. The ab initio production of 18:3(ω6) by E. rubrum CBS 350.65 in synthetic liquid media was confirmed. In contrast, the ab initio production of 18:3(ω6) by S. unicolor CBS 117.16 in synthetic liquid media could not be confirmed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1000304809053
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disk Noise Measurement System for Optical Disks (1995)
    Springer
    Optical review 2 (1995), S. 424-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1349-9432
    Keywords: optical disk ; disk noise ; media noise ; photoresist ; optical disk mastering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We developed a system to measure disk noise as a function of both radial and angular position. In order to obtain an accurate disk noise measurement, crosstalk and intersymbol interference were avoided by recording regularly repeating pit patterns and the influence of electronic and laser noise was removed by averaging techniques. We found the system’s mapping ability and its high sensitivity to be very useful in investigating disk noise phenomena in the mastering process. We used the system to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of the photopolymerization replication and Al vapor deposition processes. Also, we investigated the choice of photoresist and found that photoresists with the combination of the narrowest molecular weight distribution and the highest photo-active compound content resulted in the lowest disk noise levels. Our system can, in principle, be adapted to evaluate magneto-optical and phase change disks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-995-0424-0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substrate inhibition in an enzymatic ordered bireactant system: non-linear modelling of the kinetics of hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 256-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT; EC 2.4.2.8) was determined as an enzyme following an ordered bireaction in the presence of substrate inhibition due to hypoxanthine. This kind of inhibition has not been postulated for HGPRT so far. The mechanism and the kinetic constants of the reaction of HGPRT from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigated by initial velocity studies involving a non-linear regression analysis. In addition, two kinds of experimental designs were compared: the variation of hypoxanthine concentrations over wide ranges at different of fixed levels of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate, and the use of five appropriate sets of experimental conditions each characterized by different hypoxanthine and 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate concentrations. Both experimental designs were consistent with an ordered bi bi mechanism including a dead-end-complex between the enzyme and hypoxanthine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050685
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    International field intercomparison of atmospheric mercury measurement methods (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 80 (1995), S. 611-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract To determine the extent of comparability of sampling and analytical procedures for atmospheric mercury (Hg) being used by different scientific groups around the world and hence the compatibility of measurement results, the Atmospheric Environment Service (AES) co-ordinated a field intercomparison study in Windsor, Ontario, over a period of 5 days- during Sept./Oct.,1993. This study brought together 2 groups (University of Michigan Air Quality Laboratory; Chemistry Institute of GKSS) which performed conventional (manual) sample collection procedures for total gaseous mercury (TGM) and for particulate-phase mercury (PPM), followed by cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectrophotometric (CVAFS) analysis in the respective laboratories. Two other groups (Ontario Hydro, and the Ontario Ministry of Environment & Energy) each operated a novel mercury vapor analyzer produced by Tekran Inc. of Toronto. As is the case for the manual methods, this analyzer also uses gold amalgamation and CVAFS. During the intercomparison, meteorological parameters (air temperature, barometric pressure, wind speed/direction and relative humidity) were obtained at the study site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189713
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of atmospheric mercury during the North sea experiment (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 97 (1997), S. 257-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: mercury ; atmosphere ; rainwater ; marine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Total gaseous mercury (TGM) and rainwater were collected on board of two research vessels (F. S. ALKOR and R.V. BELGICA) positioned 200 km apart in the center of the North Sea during the North Sea Experiment, September 1991. On the F. S. ALKOR (up-wind ship) TGM concentrations ranged from 0.7 to 2.6 ng·m−3 with an average of 1.5 ng m−3 and on the R. V. BELGICA (down-wind ship) TGM ranged from 0.7 to 1.9 ng·m−3 with an average of 1.2 ng·m−3. An average 20% decrease is observed from the up-wind to the down wind ship. which may largely be affected by entrainment into the free troposphere. An overall removal (entrainment) velocity of 0.95 cm·s−1 was calculated for the whole experiment. The average removal velocity was 0.5 cm·s−1 for dry periods and varied between 1 to 5 cm·s−1 during rain events. Rainwater concentrations varied between 5 and 25 ng·1−1. Based on these data an annual wet deposition flux of 1.08 ng Hg cm−2 yr1− was estimated for the North Sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407464
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Desertification of subtropical thicket in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: Are there alternatives? (1995)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 37 (1995), S. 211-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The Eastern Cape Subtropical Thicket (ECST) froms the transition between forest, semiarid karroid shrublands, and grassland in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Undegraded ECST forms an impenetrable, spiny thicket up to 3 m high consisting of a wealth of growth forms, including evergreen plants, succulent and deciduous shrubs, lianas, grasses, and geophytes. The thicket dynamics are not well understood, but elephants may have been important browsers and patch disturbance agents. These semiarid thickets have been subjected to intensive grazing by domestic ungulates, which have largely replaced indigenous herbivores over the last 2 centuries. Overgrazing has extensively degraded vegetation, resulting in the loss of phytomass and plant species and the replacement of perennials by annuals. Coupled with these changes are alterations of soil structure and secondary productivity. This rangeland degradation has largely been attributed to pastoralism with domestic herbivores. The impact of indigenous herbivores differs in scale, intensity, and nature from that of domestic ungulates. Further degradation of the ECST may be limited by alternative management strategies, including the use of wildlife for meat production and ecotourism. Producing meat from wildlife earns less income than from domestic herbivores but is ecologically sustainable. The financial benefits of game use can be improved by developing expertise, technology, and marketing. Ecotourism is not well developed in the Eastern Cape although the Addo Elephant National Park is a financial success and provides considerable employment benefits within an ecologically sustainable system. The density of black rhinoceros and elephant in these thickets is among the highest in Africa, with high population growth and the lowest poaching risk. The financial and ecological viability of ecotourism and the conservation status of these two species warrant expanding ecotourism in the Eastern Cape, thereby reducing the probability of further degradation of ECST.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00546890
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The homeobox gene ATK1 of Arabidopsis thaliana is expressed in the shoot apex of the seedling and in flowers and inflorescence stems of mature plants (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 28 (1995), S. 723-737 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; homeobox ; shoot apex ; transcription factor ; uORF
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The homeodomain is a DNA-binding domain present in a large family of eukaryotic regulatory proteins. Homeodomain proteins have been shown to play key roles in controlling developmental programs in various organisms. Here we report the isolation and characterisation of a homeobox gene from Arabidopsis thaliana designated ATK1. The gene was isolated using as a probe the homeobox domain of the KN1 gene from maize. The homeodomain of ATK1 is highly homologous to the homeodomain of the KN1 gene of maize (81%) but shows only poor homology outside the homeodomain. Therefore ATK1 is probably not the Arabidopsis homologue of the KN1 gene from maize. It contains the four invariant amino acid residues present in the recognition helix 3 of all other homeodomain proteins. Outside the homeodomain a region rich in aspartate and glutamate residues is found suggesting that ATK1 is a transcriptional activator. The gene contains four introns which is similar in the KN1 gene of maize and the Osh1 gene of rice. Primer extension reveals the presence of two transcription initiation sites. The leader sequence of the genuine transcript is 342 nucleotides long and contains two upstream open reading frames. ATK1 is strongly expressed in the shoot apex of seedlings, while in mature plants the gene is primarily expressed in flowers and inflorescence stems. Such an expression pattern is reminiscent of that of the KN1 gene of maize and therefore ATK1 could similarly be involved in determining cell fate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021196
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