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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term stability of Fe-B-Nd-Dy alloys made by Dy2O3 additions (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 5311-5313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: For several years efforts have been devoted to increasing the coercivity of Fe-B-Nd alloys in an effort to increase the magnetic stability of this product. Some authors have shown that coercivity can be increased and irreversible losses reduced by alloying Dy with Fe-B-Nd. Ghandehari has shown that Dy2O3 can be added to milled Fe-B-Nd powder compositions before sintering to increase coercivity. In this paper we studied the effects of long-term aging in air on magnets at 100 and 150 °C for periods up to 1500 h for selected Fe-B-Nd-Dy alloys made by the oxide addition method and compared these to an alloy made by vacuum melting the elemental metals. Metallography and microprobe data are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342402
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman investigation of molecular beam epitaxy grown InGaAlAs epilayers lattice matched to InP for low Al concentrations (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 2266-2271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Room temperature Raman measurements on a series of molecular beam epitaxy grown In0.53Ga0.47−xAlxAs epilayers lattice matched to InP substrates have been carried out for the composition range 0≤x≤0.08. This low Al composition range is important for tailoring the well gap energy in communication device fabrication. The Raman data show three-mode phonon behavior for films with Al concentrations as low as x=0.03. In addition to detecting the fundamental one-phonon scattering processes, overtone, and combinations of the GaAs-like and AlAs-like optic phonon modes are recorded. These are then used to determine the composition dependent phonon mode shifts. By comparing the separate estimates of the free carrier band-gap energy using low temperature absorption and photoluminescence measurements, unintentional doping of the epilayers by the substrate is revealed. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366967
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The microstructure of thin-film magnetic recording disks (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 27 (1992), S. 6244-6248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The microstructure of two rigid thin-film magnetic disks has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy. The disks consisted of a rigid textured substrate, a magnetic medium (either electrolessly plated CoP or sputtered CoNiPt) and an overlayer. Both cross-section and planar specimens were prepared. Magnetic measurements showed that both disks are isotropic within their plane. We believe this result is consistent with the noted absence of either preferred crystallographic orientation or columnar growth within the magnetic medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01133778
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sources of mercury in the Arctic (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 80 (1995), S. 621-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Global and regional emission inventories of mercury are reviewed with special emphasis on the source regions with potential impact on the Arctic environment. These sources are located mostly in Eurasia and North America and emit almost 1300 t of Hg to the air annually. Combustion of fossil fuels to produce electricity and heat is the major source of Hg. Major portion of the element emissions from this source is in a gaseous phase. A small portion of Hg emissions in Eurasia and North America is deposited in the Arctic region, perhaps 60 to 80 t annually. Additional amounts of Hg in the Arctic air originate from natural sources, although it is very difficult to quantify them. A small decrease of anthropogenic Hg emissions is observed in Europe at present. These emissions are expected to increase again in the near future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189714
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    International field intercomparison of atmospheric mercury measurement methods (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 80 (1995), S. 611-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract To determine the extent of comparability of sampling and analytical procedures for atmospheric mercury (Hg) being used by different scientific groups around the world and hence the compatibility of measurement results, the Atmospheric Environment Service (AES) co-ordinated a field intercomparison study in Windsor, Ontario, over a period of 5 days- during Sept./Oct.,1993. This study brought together 2 groups (University of Michigan Air Quality Laboratory; Chemistry Institute of GKSS) which performed conventional (manual) sample collection procedures for total gaseous mercury (TGM) and for particulate-phase mercury (PPM), followed by cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectrophotometric (CVAFS) analysis in the respective laboratories. Two other groups (Ontario Hydro, and the Ontario Ministry of Environment & Energy) each operated a novel mercury vapor analyzer produced by Tekran Inc. of Toronto. As is the case for the manual methods, this analyzer also uses gold amalgamation and CVAFS. During the intercomparison, meteorological parameters (air temperature, barometric pressure, wind speed/direction and relative humidity) were obtained at the study site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189713
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particulate mercury in the atmosphere: Its significance, transport, transformation and sources (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 80 (1995), S. 159-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Mercury ; dry deposition ; particle phase mercury ; size distribution ; Great Lakes ; Lake Champlain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The importance of participate mercury (Hg(p)) in the transport, chemistry and deposition of this toxic metal has long been underestimated and largely ignored. While it was once believed to constitute a small percentage of total atmospheric mercury, Hg(p) may contribute a significant portion of the deposition of this metal to adjacent natural waters. Recent measurements of Hg(p) in several urban/industrial areas have documented that Hg can be associated with large particles (〉2.5 μm) and in concentrations similar to those of the vapor phase Hg (ng/m3). As part of ongoing effort to diagnose the sources, transport and deposition of Hg to the Great Lakes and other Great Waters, the University of Michigan Air Quality Laboratory (UMAQL) has investigated the physical and chemical properties of particulate-phase Hg in both urban and rural locations. It appears that particulate Hg may be the one of the most difficult of the Hg measurements to perform, and perhaps the one of the most important for deposition and source apportionment studies. Particulate Hg concentrations measured in rural areas of the Great Lakes Region and Vermont ranged from 1 to 86 pg/m3 whereas Hg(p) levels in urban/industrialized areas were in the range 15 pg/m3 to 1.2 ng/m3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189664
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ambient levels and dry deposition fluxes of mercury to Lakes Huron, Erie and St. Clair (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 80 (1995), S. 179-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Ambient concentrations and dry deposition fluxes of Hg in the gas and particle phase to Lakes St. Clair, Erie and Huron were estimated with a hybrid receptor-deposition model (HRD). The ambient gas and particulate phase Hg concentrations were predicted to vary by a factor of 12 to 18 during the transport of air masses traversing the lakes. The ensemble average deposition fluxes of fine particle Hg ranged from 7 pg/m2-h to 15.3 pg/m2-h over Lake St. Clair, 0.5 to 4.2 pg/m2-h over Lake Huron and 5.1 to 20.6 pg/m2-h over Lake Erie. The deposition flux of coarse particle Hg was in the range of 50 to 84 pg/m2-h over Lake St. Clair, 4.7 to 24.2 pg/m2-h over Lake Huron and 5.1 to 20.6 pg/m2-h over Lake Erie. Gaseous Hg volatilized at a rate of 0.21 to 0.52 ng/m2-h from Lake Huron and 0.13 to 0.36 from Lake Erie. Gas phase Hg was deposited at a rate of 5.9 ng/m2-h and/or volatilized at a rate of 0.5 ng/m2-h from Lake St. Clair depending upon the location of the sampling site used in the HRD model. The effect of meteorological conditions, particle size distributions and type and location of the sampling sites played an important role in the transfer of atmospheric Hg to and/or from the lakes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189666
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An intensive multi-site pilot study investigating atmospheric mercury in Broward County, Florida (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 80 (1995), S. 169-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract An intensive multi-site pilot study of atmospheric Hg was conducted in Broward County, Florida in August and September of 1993. Broward County, which contains the city of Fort Lauderdale, is located in southeastern Florida. The county borders the Florida Everglades on the west and the Atlantic Ocean on the east. A network of four sampling sites was set up for 20 days throughout Broward County to measure Hg in both the vapor phase and the particle phase as well as Hg in precipitation. The mean concentrations of total vapor phase Hg measured at two inland sites were found to be significantly higher (3.3 and 2.8 ng/m3) than that measured at a site located on the Atlantic shore (1.8 ng/m3). The mean concentrations of particle phase Hg collected at the two inland sites (51 and 49 pg/m3) were found to be 50% greater than that measured at the coastal site (34 pg/m3). In addition, event precipitation samples were collected at four sampling sites over the 20 day study period and were analyzed for both reactive and total Hg. The mean concentration of total Hg in the precipitation samples was found to be 44 ng/L, with a range of 14 to 130 ng/L. It was determined that further meteorological analysis and a more complete characterization of the aerosol and precipitation composition are needed to identify the probable source(s) contributing to the increased deposition of Hg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189665
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atmospheric sources, transport and deposition of mercury in Michigan: Two years of event precipitation (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 80 (1995), S. 199-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Mercury ; wet deposition ; precipitation ; trace elements ; regional transport ; trajectories
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract To assess the sources, transport and deposition of atmospheric mercury (Hg) in Michigan, a multi-site network was implemented in which Hg concentrations in event precipitation and ambient samples (vapor and participate phases) were determined. Results from the analysis of 2 years of event precipitation samples for Hg are reported here. The volume-weighted average Hg concentration in precipitation was 7.9, 10.8 and 10.2 ng/L for the Pellston, South Haven and Dexter sites, respectively. Yearly wet deposition of Hg for 1992–93 and 1993–94 was 5.8 and 5.5 μg/m2 at Pellston, 9.5 and 12.7 μg/m2 at South Haven and 8.7 and 9.1 μg/m at Dexter. A spatial gradient in both the Hg concentration and wet deposition was observed. Northern Michigan received almost half the deposition of Hg recorded at the southern Michigan sites. The concentration of Hg in precipitation exhibited a strong seasonal behavior with low values of 1.0 to 2.0 ng/L in winter and maximum values greater than 40 ng/L in summer. The spring, summer and autumn precipitation accounted for 89 to 91% of the total yearly Hg deposition. Mixed-layer back trajectories were calculated for each precipitation event to investigate the meteorological history and transport from potential Hg source regions. Elevated Hg concentrations were observed with air mass transport from the west, southwest, south, and southeast. At each of the sites precipitation events for which the Hg concentration was in the 90th and 10th percentile were-analyzed for trace elements by ICP-MS to investigate source impacts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189668
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wet deposition of mercury and ambient mercury concentrations at a site in the Lake Champlain basin (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 80 (1995), S. 353-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Mercury ; wet deposition ; regional transport ; particle phase mercury ; Lake Champlain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The “Great Waters” program, established in the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, mandated that atmospheric deposition of hazardous air pollutants to Lake Champlain (including Hg) be assessed. An assessment of the magnitude and seasonal variation of atmospheric Hg deposition in the Lake Champlain basin was initiated in December 1992 with one year of event precipitation collection, as well as collection of vapor and particle phase Hg in ambient air. Samples were collected at the Vermont Monitoring Cooperative air monitoring site at the Proctor Maple Research Center in Underhill Center, VT. The average volume-weighted concentration for Hg in precipitation was 8.3 ng/L for the sampling year and the average amount of Hg deposited with each precipitation event was 0.069 μg/m2. The total amount of Hg deposited through precipitation during 1993 was 9.26 μg/m2/yr. A seasonal pattern for Hg in precipitation was evident, with increased concentrations and deposition during spring and summer months. Meteorological analysis indicated the highest levels of Hg in precipitation were associated with regional transport from the south regardless of season, and with transport from the west, southwest and northwest during spring and summer months. Concentrations of ambient vapor phase Hg were typical of rural locations and consistent across seasons. Ambient particulate Hg concentrations averaged 11 pg/m3 with highest concentrations during the winter months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189685
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