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  • Springer  (82)
  • 2020-2021
  • 2000-2004  (34)
  • 1980-1984  (46)
  • 1950-1954  (2)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser chemical physics II: Infrared multiple photon dissociation (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 180-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 33
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697844
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reliability of dipole-dipole electrical resistivity tomography for defining depth to bedrock in covered karst terranes (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 39 (2000), S. 760-766 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Karst terranes ; Electrical resistivity tomography ; Sinkholes ; Pinnacles and cutters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Sinkhole collapse is one of the main limitations on the development of karst areas, especially where bedrock is covered by unconsolidated material. Studies of sinkhole formation have shown that sinkholes are likely to develop in cutter (enlarged joint) zones as a result of subterranean erosion by flowing groundwater. Because of the irregular distribution of pinnacles and cutters on the bedrock surface, uncertainties arise when "hit-or-miss" borehole drilling is used to locate potential collapse sites. A high-resolution geophysical technique capable of depicting the details of the bedrock surface is essential for guiding the drilling program. Dipole-dipole electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was used to map the bedrock surface at a site in southern Indiana where limestone is covered by about 9 m of clayey soils. Forty-nine transects were conducted over an area of approximately 42,037 m2. The electrode spacing was 3 m. The length of the transects varied from 81 to 249 m. The tomographs were interpreted with the aid of soil borings. The repeatability of ERT was evaluated by comparing the rock surface elevations interpreted from pairs of transects where they crossed each other. The average difference was 2.4 m, with a maximum of 10 m. The discrepancy between interpreted bedrock-surface elevations for a transect intersection may be caused by variations in the subsurface geology normal to the transect. Averaging the elevation data interpreted from different transects improved the ERT results. A bedrock surface map was generated using only the averaged elevation data at the transect junctions. The accuracy of the map was further evaluated using data from four exploratory boreholes. The average difference between interpreted and actual bedrock surface-elevations was less than 0.4 m. The map shows two large troughs in the limestone surface: one coinciding with an existing sinkhole basin, while the other is in alignment with a small topographic valley. Because sinkholes were observed at the same elevation interval in similar valleys in the vicinity, the delineated trough may have implications for future land use at the site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050491
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of diversity and pattern on relative yields of four michigan first year fallow field plant species (1980)
    Springer
    Oecologia 45 (1980), S. 366-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. A study was designed to investigate the effects of intra and inter-specific competition on the productivity of single and multi-species stands of plants normally dominant in first year old-field communities of mid-Michigan. The four species used were Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Panicum capillare and Setaria viridis. 2. Specifically, we tested (1) the relationship between diversity and productivity, (2) the effect of arrangement (pattern) of individuals within an array of old-field dominants on yield and (3) the expression of dominance and resultant allocation of yields within mixture arrays of different plant species. In direct contrast to many earlier studies, our experiments were completed in the field under natural conditions. 3. Mean yield of the highest yielding monoculture, Amaranthus, was greater than any of the yields of the mixture plots. 4. Changing the pattern within mixtures had no significant effect on the yields of the mixture plots. Distribution of biomass among the component species followed a geometric pattern similar to that predicted by the niche pre-emption hypothesis (Whittaker, 1965, 1969). Using yield as a criterion, dominance was clearly expressed in the mixture plots. Amaranthus contributed more than 50% of the yield in all of the mixture plots. 5. A relative competitive ability index (RCA) was developed to demonstrate more clearly the intra and interspecific relationships among the species in mixture plots and to “equalize” the inherent weight differential among species. Relative Competitive Ability, from highest to lowest, was Amaranthus, Chenopodium, Setaria and Panicum. 6. The paired species experiment demonstrated that the performance of species in multi-species arrays cannot be predicted from paired competition experiments. 7. In the diversity-yield experiment and the paired-species competitive ability experiment, dicotyledons were clearly superior to monocotyledons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540207
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon-13 depletion in an estuarine bivalve: Detection of marine and terrestrial food sources (1982)
    Springer
    Oecologia 55 (1982), S. 110-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Stable carbon isotope analysis was used to define the food sources of bivalve Chione (Austrovenus) stutchburyi in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch, New Zealand. δ13C values of C. stutchburyi tissue were significantly different (from -16.7‰ to -23.5‰ relative to the PDB standard) at five locations separated by less than 4 km but subject to different hydrological regimes. This is related to differences in the isotopic composition of the suspended particulate matter of the inflowing water. C. stutchburyi is shown to utilise carbon of terrestrial and marine origin depending upon its position within the estuary and local hydrology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386725
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation losses due to discontinuities in asymmetric three-layer optical waveguides (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 143-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the radiation losses caused by film thickness and refractive index discontinuities in asymmetric slab waveguides are examined theoretically. A technique developed by Mahmoud and Beal for dealing with the continuous part of the radiation spectrum is used. Several numerical examples which show the radiation loss for various waveguide configurations are presented and discussed and, where appropriate, comparisons with other related work made. In the case of asymmetric thickness steps, the radiation losses are found to be appreciably higher than those computed for symmetric guides. The radiation losses for guides having the same thickness were found to decrease as the guide thickness increased. Once the TE1 mode become guided, the losses decreased rapidly. However, if the two guides had different thickness then it was found that the losses exhibited a minimum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619558
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vitamin addition: an option for sustainable activated sludge process effluent quality (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 267-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: vitamins; activated sludge; industrial wastewater; porous pots; Amtox™
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The process performance and metabolic rates of samples of activated sludge dosed with vitamin supplements have been compared. After initial screening, four vitamins and two metals as single supplements and in pairs, were dosed continuously into the mixed liquor of an activated sludge simulation. Toxicity, oxygen demand removal, respiration rates and suspended solids were measured to monitor the effect on process efficiency. It was confirmed experimentally that an industrial wastewater stream did not contain a sufficient supply of micronutrients for efficient biological treatment. This was concluded from the observation that control sludge batches (receiving no supplements) averaged chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of 58%. Dosing micronutrients into the mixed liquor produced removal efficiencies of up to 69%. Some of the supplements increased the respiration rate of the sludge while some decreased it, indicating a range of stimulatory and inhibitory effects. Complex interactions between micronutrients that were dosed simultaneously were evident. Several positive effects led to the conclusion that micronutrients have the potential to optimise process performance of activated sludge plants treating industrial wastewater. The addition of phosphorus/niacin and molybdenum/lactoflavin removed wastewater components that were toxic to nitrifiers as indicated through toxicity testing, thus protecting downstream nitrification/denitrification treatment processes. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 267–274.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900817
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of TA — GLC — MS as a quantitative specific EGA technique for the investigation of complex thermal decomposition reactions: The thermal decomposition of calcium propanoate (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 25 (1982), S. 299-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein vielseitiges und flexibles System zur Analyse von gebildeten Gasen wird beschrieben, das GLC, MS (in Massen-scanning und SIM Betriebsweise) und GLC-MS umfaßt. Damit können die in zwei differentialthermoanalytischen Einheiten, einer Thermowaage oder einem direkt mit dem MS- oder GLC-Gerät gekoppelten Mikroofen aus den zu untersuchenden Substanzen entwickelten Gase analysiert werden. Einzelheiten der komputerkontrollierten Datengewinnung und Steuerung werden angegeben. Die Techniken werden zur Untersuchung der thermischen Zersetzung von Calciumpropionat herangezogen. Mechanismen werden vorgeschlagen, die die beobachteten Zersetzungsprodukte und die Festkörperreaktion erklären. Beweise werden dafür erbracht, daß bei letzterer eine Keimbildung und darauffolgendes zweidimensionales Wachstum vor sich geht, wobei die Aktivierungsenergie 315 kJ·mol−1 und der präexponentielle Faktor 4.8·1021·s−1 beträgt.
    Abstract: Резюме Описана многосторон яя и гибкая система анализа выделяющего ся газа на основе использования газо-ж идкостной хроматогр афии (ГЖХ), масс-спектрометрии (MC) и совмещенного метода ГЖХ и MC. Термовес ы или микропечь соеди нены прямо с массспектрометром или газо-жидкостным х роматографом, что поз воляет анализировать газы, выделяющиеся из веще ств в этих двух различ ных термических аналити ческих блоках. Приведены детали сбо ра и обработки данных с помощью ЭВМ. Метод был использ ован для изучения термиче ского разложения про пионата кальция. Предложен ме ханизм реакций образования продукт ов разложения и тверд отельных процессов. Предсравл ены доказательства в пользу того, что твер дотельные процессы п роисходят через стадию образов ания центров кристаллиза ции, за которой следуе т двухразмерный рост с энергией активации 315 кдж.моль−1 и предэкшо ненциальным факторо м 4,8·1021 сек−1.
    Notes: Abstract A versatile and flexible system is described for evolved gas analysis using a GLC, MS (mass scan and SIM modes) and GLC-MS. Gases evolved from materials in two differential thermal analysis units, a thermobalance or a micro-furnace linked directly to the MS or GLC can be analysed. Details are given of computer controlled data acquisition and processing. The techniques are applied to the thermal decomposition of calcium propanoate. Mechanisms are suggested to account for the observed decomposition products and the solid state process. Evidence is presented to support the view that the latter occurs via nucleation followed by two-dimensional growth with an activation energy of 315 kJ mol−1 and a pre-exponential factor of 4.8×1021s−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01912955
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of water hardness, water temperature, and size of the test organism on the susceptibility of the freshwater shrimp,Gammarus pulex (L.), to toxicants (1983)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 31 (1983), S. 459-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01622278
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of the vacuum drying of frozen tissues (1953)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 15 (1953), S. 411-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A general theory of the drying of frozen tissue is developed and applied to the measurement of the drying rate of frozen guinea pig liver. It is shown that for a given temperature of the subliming ice crystals the mininum drying time of a piece of guinea pig liver is greater than the minimum sublimation time of a piece of ice of the same size and shape by a factor of the order of one thousand. This fact has many implications in the design of freeze-dry apparatus which will be developed in a following paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476434
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method for constructing binary search trees by making insertions at the root (1980)
    Springer
    International journal of parallel programming 9 (1980), S. 15-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7640
    Keywords: Binary search trees ; sorting ; symbol tables
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract It is possible to construct a binary search tree by inserting items at the root instead of adding them as leaves. When used for sorting, the method has several desirable properties, including (a) fewer comparisons in the best case, (b) fewer comparisons in the worst case, (c) a reduced variance, and (d) good performance when the items are already nearly sorted or nearly reverse sorted. For applications in which the tree is searched for existing items as well as having new items added to it (e.g., in the construction of a symbol table), the tree can be made to exhibit stacklike behavior, so that the fewest comparisons are required to locate the most recently used items.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00995807
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