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  • Springer  (82)
  • Cambridge University Press  (8)
  • 2020-2021
  • 2000-2004  (35)
  • 1980-1984  (52)
  • 1950-1954  (3)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of the vacuum drying of frozen tissues (1953)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 15 (1953), S. 411-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A general theory of the drying of frozen tissue is developed and applied to the measurement of the drying rate of frozen guinea pig liver. It is shown that for a given temperature of the subliming ice crystals the mininum drying time of a piece of guinea pig liver is greater than the minimum sublimation time of a piece of ice of the same size and shape by a factor of the order of one thousand. This fact has many implications in the design of freeze-dry apparatus which will be developed in a following paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476434
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vitamin addition: an option for sustainable activated sludge process effluent quality (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 267-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: vitamins; activated sludge; industrial wastewater; porous pots; Amtox™
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The process performance and metabolic rates of samples of activated sludge dosed with vitamin supplements have been compared. After initial screening, four vitamins and two metals as single supplements and in pairs, were dosed continuously into the mixed liquor of an activated sludge simulation. Toxicity, oxygen demand removal, respiration rates and suspended solids were measured to monitor the effect on process efficiency. It was confirmed experimentally that an industrial wastewater stream did not contain a sufficient supply of micronutrients for efficient biological treatment. This was concluded from the observation that control sludge batches (receiving no supplements) averaged chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of 58%. Dosing micronutrients into the mixed liquor produced removal efficiencies of up to 69%. Some of the supplements increased the respiration rate of the sludge while some decreased it, indicating a range of stimulatory and inhibitory effects. Complex interactions between micronutrients that were dosed simultaneously were evident. Several positive effects led to the conclusion that micronutrients have the potential to optimise process performance of activated sludge plants treating industrial wastewater. The addition of phosphorus/niacin and molybdenum/lactoflavin removed wastewater components that were toxic to nitrifiers as indicated through toxicity testing, thus protecting downstream nitrification/denitrification treatment processes. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 267–274.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900817
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation losses due to discontinuities in asymmetric three-layer optical waveguides (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 143-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the radiation losses caused by film thickness and refractive index discontinuities in asymmetric slab waveguides are examined theoretically. A technique developed by Mahmoud and Beal for dealing with the continuous part of the radiation spectrum is used. Several numerical examples which show the radiation loss for various waveguide configurations are presented and discussed and, where appropriate, comparisons with other related work made. In the case of asymmetric thickness steps, the radiation losses are found to be appreciably higher than those computed for symmetric guides. The radiation losses for guides having the same thickness were found to decrease as the guide thickness increased. Once the TE1 mode become guided, the losses decreased rapidly. However, if the two guides had different thickness then it was found that the losses exhibited a minimum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619558
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations in the fraction of oxygen in inspired gas affect rates of renal prostaglandin E2 synthesis in anesthetized dogs (1981)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 37 (1981), S. 1293-1294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Reductions of oxygen in inspired gas from 20% to 15%, in anesthetized dogs, reduced arterial PO2 and increased the renal efflux of PGE2 but not PGF2a . Renal blood flow, blood pressure, plasma renin activity as well as arterial pH and PCO2 were unaffected. PGs may mediate the renal hemodynamic or excretory consequences of alterations in PO2. In addition, minor variations in PO2 might account, in part, for the variable renal venous PGE2 concentrations reported under basal conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01948368
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated concentrations of mercury in mussels (Mytilus californianus) associated with pinniped colonies (1981)
    Springer
    Marine biology 65 (1981), S. 45-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The geographic distribution of mercury concentrations in the California mussel Mytilus californianus, collected from 1977–1978 at 43 sites along the western coastline of the continental United States is marked by consistently elevated levels at two locations. These two sites, which are relatively isolated from anthropogenic inputs and mercuryrich minerals, both contain large pinniped and marine bird populations. The relatively elevated mercury levels measured in the excrement of a pinniped from one of those locales indicate that the concentrated discharge of mercuryrich waste products from the marine ecosystem's top carnivores is contaminating lower trophic levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397066
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stable carbon isotope variability in marine macrophytes and its implications for food web studies (1984)
    Springer
    Marine biology 81 (1984), S. 223-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of eelgrass Zostera marina and of kelp Laminaria longicruris showed considerable variation in time and space. The isotopic composition of Z. marina varied seasonally from a mean of-6‰ for leaves formed in June to a mean of-10‰ for leaves formed in February. The maximum range for individual leaves was from-5 to-11.4‰. Once a leaf was fully formed, its isotopic composition appeared not to change. In L. longicruris there was no clear seasonal pattern of variation, but in any given blade there was a spatial pattern of variation, with the thickened central band tending to be least negative and the margins most negative. In one blade the range was from-12 to-20‰. Since this range overlaps values that are found in various other macrophytes and in seston, the value of the stable carbon isotope ratio as a tracer in food webs involving macroalgae is questioned. For Z. marina, in which the values are seasonally predictable, the technique may be useful if interpreted with care. The most probable explanation of variation in the ratios is differential storage of biochemical components of different isotopic compostion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393216
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of diversity and pattern on relative yields of four michigan first year fallow field plant species (1980)
    Springer
    Oecologia 45 (1980), S. 366-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. A study was designed to investigate the effects of intra and inter-specific competition on the productivity of single and multi-species stands of plants normally dominant in first year old-field communities of mid-Michigan. The four species used were Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Panicum capillare and Setaria viridis. 2. Specifically, we tested (1) the relationship between diversity and productivity, (2) the effect of arrangement (pattern) of individuals within an array of old-field dominants on yield and (3) the expression of dominance and resultant allocation of yields within mixture arrays of different plant species. In direct contrast to many earlier studies, our experiments were completed in the field under natural conditions. 3. Mean yield of the highest yielding monoculture, Amaranthus, was greater than any of the yields of the mixture plots. 4. Changing the pattern within mixtures had no significant effect on the yields of the mixture plots. Distribution of biomass among the component species followed a geometric pattern similar to that predicted by the niche pre-emption hypothesis (Whittaker, 1965, 1969). Using yield as a criterion, dominance was clearly expressed in the mixture plots. Amaranthus contributed more than 50% of the yield in all of the mixture plots. 5. A relative competitive ability index (RCA) was developed to demonstrate more clearly the intra and interspecific relationships among the species in mixture plots and to “equalize” the inherent weight differential among species. Relative Competitive Ability, from highest to lowest, was Amaranthus, Chenopodium, Setaria and Panicum. 6. The paired species experiment demonstrated that the performance of species in multi-species arrays cannot be predicted from paired competition experiments. 7. In the diversity-yield experiment and the paired-species competitive ability experiment, dicotyledons were clearly superior to monocotyledons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540207
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon-13 depletion in an estuarine bivalve: Detection of marine and terrestrial food sources (1982)
    Springer
    Oecologia 55 (1982), S. 110-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Stable carbon isotope analysis was used to define the food sources of bivalve Chione (Austrovenus) stutchburyi in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch, New Zealand. δ13C values of C. stutchburyi tissue were significantly different (from -16.7‰ to -23.5‰ relative to the PDB standard) at five locations separated by less than 4 km but subject to different hydrological regimes. This is related to differences in the isotopic composition of the suspended particulate matter of the inflowing water. C. stutchburyi is shown to utilise carbon of terrestrial and marine origin depending upon its position within the estuary and local hydrology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386725
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser chemical physics II: Infrared multiple photon dissociation (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 180-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 33
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697844
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of water hardness, water temperature, and size of the test organism on the susceptibility of the freshwater shrimp,Gammarus pulex (L.), to toxicants (1983)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 31 (1983), S. 459-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01622278
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