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  • Elsevier  (329)
  • Cell Press  (16)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (14)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (8)
  • 2020-2021
  • 2000-2004  (199)
  • 1995-1999  (164)
  • 1960-1964  (4)
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Year
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The MD Shell and its use to develop Dust-Expert (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract: In this paper we describe TheMD (The Methods Designer) shell and its use in the development of an expert system, known as Dust-Expert, for the relief of dust explosions. We begin by providing the motivation for the development of TheMD Shell by evaluating a prototype implementation of Dust-Expert using a conventional shell. This evaluation is carried out in terms of the transparency, reliability and extensibility of the system.The lessons learned from this evaluation have led to the development of TheMD Shell. We describe the main features of the shell which include more appropriate schemas, more complete explanation capabilities, a ranking scheme and equation-solving capabilities. We illustrate the use of the schemas and the importance of the equation-solving capabilities by examples from the domain of dust explosions. We also provide a formal specification of the ranking scheme that we adopt. We conclude by highlighting the benefits of our approach in comparison to the usual process of developing knowledge-based systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00112.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistent photoconductivity in thin undoped GaInP/GaAs quantum wells (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 171-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Persistent photoconductivity has been observed at low temperatures in thin, unintentionally doped GaInP/GaAs/GaInP quantum wells. The two-dimensional electron gas was studied by low field Hall and Shubnikov–de Haas effects. After illumination with red light, the electron concentration increased from low 1011 cm−2 to more than 7×1011 cm−2 resulting in an enhancement of both the carrier mobility and the quantum lifetime. The persistent photocarriers cannot be produced by DX-like defects since the shallow dopant concentration in the GaInP layers is too low to produce the observed concentration. We suggest that the persistent carriers are produced by photoionization of deep intrinsic donors in the GaInP barrier layer. We also report observation of a parallel conduction path in GaInP induced by extended illumination. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113553
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple velocity model for low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 869-871 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new simple transport model is used to describe the dependence of the electrical characteristics of the epitaxial layer on the growth parameters in low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The important parameters of this model are the mean velocity of the gases and the [V]/[III] ratio. Undoped GaAs epitaxial layers are prepared at various operating pressures. A semi-empirical correlation relating the reactor pressure and flow rate is established that dictates the operating conditions for a single set of film properties. This enables growth of a material with constant characteristics while pressure can be varied. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115532
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Se chemical passivation and annealing treatment for GaAs Schottky diode (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2125-2127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A Se chemical passivation [(NH4)2S+Se] for GaAs Schottky diodes is presented. We have found that our (NH4)2S+Se passivated Schottky diodes have more than one order of magnitude higher forward current density than the (NH4)2Sx passivated ones. In rapid thermal annealing treatment, an initial decrease and then increase of forward current density for (NH4)2Sx passivated diodes is observed. For the (NH4)2S+Se and (NH4)OH treated diodes, a steady decrease of Schottky barrier height with increased annealing temperature is observed. With or without annealing treatment, the (NH4)2S+Se passivated diodes have the lowest barrier height. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113924
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-efficiency and high-resolution fiber-optic probes for near field imaging and spectroscopy (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 2886-2888 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate that fiber-optic probes with an intermediate section followed by a rapidly tapering tip lead to transmission efficiency enhancement of better than four orders-of-magnitude at 60 nm tip diameter and more than five orders-of-magnitude at smaller than 40 nm tip diameter over typical taffy-pulled fiber probes. Our highest resolution probes have a tip diameter of 30 nm with a transmission efficiency of 0.02%, and as an example we image tobacco mosaic virus with a resolution better than 35 nm. The probes are made in a two-step process involving pulling and then etching that permits both high efficiency and control of the mechanical resonance properties. The efficiency is enhanced by reducing the distance that the electromagnetic mode travels in the cut-off mode of the fiber probe. The higher resolution is achieved because sharper tips can be made through the etching process. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120206
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of Temperature Profiles and Stable Isotopes to Trace Flow Lines: Nagaoka Area, Japan (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 42 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: In this study, we use borehole temperature data and stable isotopes to delineate the flow system and estimate the effect of urbanization in the Nagaoka area of Japan. Temperature profiles were measured four times in observation wells during the period 2000–2001 and compared with those measured in the same wells during the period 1977–1983 (Taniguchi 1986). Water was sampled in both observation and pumping wells during the same period. The temporal and spatial variability in temperature indicate clearly the effect of urban warming and heavy pumping on the ground water system. Urban warming caused higher temperatures recently as compared to the older values, and pumping caused induced recharge from the river to the ground water. The stable isotope data show the ground water flow system is divided into shallow, intermediate, and deep systems, and that land use and infiltration rate are affecting the shallow flow system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02453.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equivalent-time sampling force microscopy using pulse position modulation method (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 323-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a homodyne pulse-sampling electrostatic force microscopy technique using a pulse position modulation method for the noncontact measurement of internal voltage waveforms in integrated circuits. The measurement system operates by monitoring the mechanical deflection of a micromachined probe as it responds to electric forces induced by the circuit voltage waveform. Although the mechanical response of typical probes used in such systems is limited to few kHz, measurement of high frequency repetitive waveforms is enabled by applying a high speed sampling pulse signal to the probe with the pulse position modulated at a rate below the probe mechanical resonance. This results in down conversion of the circuit induced electric force harmonics to within the probe mechanical response, thus allowing the measurement of high frequency signals. The proposed technique is modeled using Fourier analysis of the measurement system response, and is demonstrated by the measurement of a 0.8 Mbit/s digital pattern on a CMOS test pad. The performance of the measurement system is analyzed based on obtained measurements and simulated system response. An analysis of the method capabilities shows a measurement sensitivity of 13 mVrms/(square root of)Hz. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1430549
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymptotic study and weakly nonlinear analysis at the onset of Rayleigh–Bénard convection in Hele–Shaw cell (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 7 (1995), S. 926-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The aim of this paper is the derivation of the Ginzburg–Landau equation [as introduced by A. C. Newell and J. A. Whitehead, J. Fluid Mech. 38, 279 (1969)] from the hydrodynamic equations for an infinite Hele–Shaw cell. The dimensional analysis and the asymptotic study allow one to distinguish two nonlinear formulations, each one depends on the order of magnitude of the Prandtl number. The first formulation corresponds to the case Pr=O(1) or Pr(very-much-greater-than)1, whereas the second corresponds to the case Pr=O(ε*2), where ε*(very-much-less-than)1 denotes the aspect ratio of the cell. Here a weakly nonlinear analysis is performed for the two formulations. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868568
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gzf3p, a fourth GATA factor involved in nitrogen-regulated transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 23 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, two positive transcription factors of the GATA family, Gln3p and NiMp/ Gatlp, upregulate the expression of multiple nitrogen pathway genes via upstream 5-GATA-3′ sequences. Another GATA factor, Uga43p/Da180p, downregulates to varying degrees the expression of some nitrogen-regulated genes. Here, we report the functional analysis of a fourth GATA factor, Gzf 3p/Ni12p, whose gene was discovered by systematic sequencing of chromosome X. The Gzf3 protein most closely resembles Uga43p. Similar to Uga43p, Gzf3p has the properties of a negative GATA factor. While Uga43p is active specifically under nitrogen-derepression conditions, Gzf 3p exerts its negative regulatory function specifically on preferred nitrogen sources: it is involved in nitrogen repression of NiMp-dependent transcription. At least one positive GATA factor is required for the UGA43 and GZF3 genes to be expressed. The Uga43p factor negatively regulates GZF3 expression and vice versa. In addition, both Uga43p and Gzf3p moderately regulate expression of their own genes. These two proteins seem to be parts of a complex network of GATA factors which probably play a determining role in nitrogen-regulated transcription.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.3021665.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NONLINEAR MODELING AND PREDICTION OF A RIVER FLOW SYSTEM (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 34 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Model estimation and prediction of a river flow system are investigated using nonlinear system identification techniques. We demonstrate how the dynamics of the system, rainfall, and river flow can be modeled using NARMAX (Nonlinear Autoregressive Moving Average with eXogenuous input) models. The parameters of the model are estimated using an orthogonal least squares algorithm with intelligent structure detection. The identification of the nonlinear model is described to represent the relationship between local rainfall and river flow at Enoree station (inputs) and river flow at Whitmire (output) for a river flow system in South Carolina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05435.x
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