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  • Articles  (14,080)
  • 2020-2023
  • 2020-2020
  • 1995-1999  (8,772)
  • 1965-1969  (3,855)
  • 1950-1954  (1,453)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (7,912)
  • Computer Science  (6,168)
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  • Articles  (14,080)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Results of the seventh joint pesticide testing programme carried out by the IOBC/WPRS-Working Group ‘Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms’ (1999)
    Springer
    BioControl 44 (1999), S. 99-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: beneficial arthropods ; entomopathogenic fungi ; natural enemies ; parasitoids ; predators ; side effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The side effect of 10 insecticides, 5 fungicides and 5 herbicides on 24 different species of beneficial organisms was tested by members of the Working Group ‘Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms’ of the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC), West Palaearctic Regional Section (WPRS). The tests were conducted by 32 members in 12 countries according to internationally approved guidelines. The microbial insecticides Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Delfin), B. thuringiensis var. tenebrionis (Novodor) and Verticillium lecanii (Micro Germin), the fungicides cyproconazol (Alto), difenoconazol (Score), lecithin (Bioblatt Mehltau) and penconazol (Omnex), and the herbicides ethofumesat (Tramat), fluroxypyr (Starane), haloxyfop (Gallant), isoproturon (Arelon) and metamitron (Goltix) were harmless to nearly all the beneficial arthropods. The benzoylurea's teflubenzuron (Nomolt) and flufenoxuron (Cascade) affected predators such as anthocorids, earwigs, coccinellids and lacewings. The remaining preparations were more toxic and should therefore be further tested in semi-field and field experiments on relevant organisms. Most tested fungicides were toxic for the entomopathogenic fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009959009802
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  • 2
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    Genetic evaluation of suspected cases of transient HIV-1 infection of infants (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-06
    Description: Detection of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) on only one or a few occasions in infants born to infected mothers has been interpreted to indicate that infection may be transient rather than persistent. Forty-two cases of suspected transient HIV-1 viremia among 1562 perinatally exposed seroreverting infants and one mother were reanalyzed. HIV-1 env sequences were not found in specimens from 20; in specimens from 6, somatic genetic analysis revealed that specimens were mistakenly attributed to an infant; and in specimens from 17, phylogenetic analysis failed to demonstrate the expected linkage between the infant's and the mother's virus. These findings argue that transient HIV-1 infection, if it exists, will only rarely be satisfactorily documented.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frenkel, L M -- Mullins, J I -- Learn, G H -- Manns-Arcuino, L -- Herring, B L -- Kalish, M L -- Steketee, R W -- Thea, D M -- Nichols, J E -- Liu, S L -- Harmache, A -- He, X -- Muthui, D -- Madan, A -- Hood, L -- Haase, A T -- Zupancic, M -- Staskus, K -- Wolinsky, S -- Krogstad, P -- Zhao, J -- Chen, I -- Koup, R -- Ho, D -- Korber, B -- Apple, R J -- Coombs, R W -- Pahwa, S -- Roberts, N J Jr -- AI27757/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI32910/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UO1-27658/PHS HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 15;280(5366):1073-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. lfrenkel@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9582120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA, Viral/analysis/genetics ; Diagnostic Errors ; Equipment Contamination ; Female ; Genes, env ; HIV Infections/immunology/transmission/*virology ; HIV-1/*genetics/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; *Specimen Handling ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; Viremia/virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Memory Transfer (1966)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 1966-08-05
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1995)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 5 (1995), S. 411-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00974753
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen uptake by crops, soil distribution and recovery of urea-N in a sorghum—wheat rotation in different soils under Mediterranean conditions (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 208 (1999), S. 43-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: bare soil ; microbial biomass N ; N balance ; enriched urea ; non-exchangeable NH 4 + ; sorghum-wheat rotation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The N uptake by crops, soil distribution and recovery of 15N labelled urea-N (100 kg N ha-1) were investigated in a sorghum-wheat rotation in two silty clay soils (Foggia and Rieti Casabianca) and one silt loam soil (Rieti Piedifiume) under different mediterranean conditions. Non-exchangeable labelled NH4-N represented an important pool at both Rieti sites with higher values (p〈0.05) under sorghum (14.0 and 24.6% of the urea N in the 0-20 cm layer at the end of the cropping season) than wheat whereas it was much less important in the Foggia soil (10.0% in the surface soil under sorghum). This is probably related to the clay minerals composition of the three soils; because vermiculite was present in both Rieti sites but not in the Foggia soil. At harvest from 4.4 to 5.3% of the urea N initially applied was present as microbial biomass N in the surface soil layer with no generally significant differences due to location and type of crops. Both sorghum and wheat N yields were higher in the driest site (Foggia) probably due to better light conditions, higher temperatures and irrigation during summer of the sorghum cropping period. The recovery of plant fertilizer N (about 21% for sorghum and 27% for wheat) and the percentage of N in the plant derived from the fertilizer (NDFF) were the lowest at Rieti-Casabianca probably as the result of the protection of immobilized fertilizer N against microbial mineralization by the swelling clays. The fertilizer N unaccounted for was nil or very low (10.8% at Rieti-Casabianca under wheat and 11.8 and 4.9% at Rieti-Piedifiume under sorghum and wheat, respectively). Urea-N losses occurred when Rieti Piedifiume and Rieti Casabianca soils were kept bare. In this case the urea N unaccounted for ranged from 12 to 56% of the urea N with higher losses in Rieti-Piedifiume than in Rieti-Casabianca. The higher recoveries in the latter soil were probably confirmed by the stabilizing effect of clays on the immobilized urea N.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004487616680
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toward high-performance computational chemistry: II. A scalable self-consistent field program (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 17 (1996), S. 124-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: We discuss issues in developing scalable parallel algorithms and focus on the distribution, as opposed to the replication, of key data structures. Replication of large data structures limits the maximum calculation size by imposing a low ratio of processors to memory. Only applications which distribute both data and computation across processors are truly scalable. The use of shared data structures that may be independently accessed by each process even in a distributed memory environment greatly simplifies development and provides a significant performance enhancement. We describe tools we have developed to support this programming paradigm. These tools are used to develop a highly efficient and scalable algorithm to perform self-consistent field calculations on molecular systems. A simple and classical strip-mining algorithm suffices to achieve an efficient and scalable Fock matrix construction in which all matrices are fully distributed. By strip mining over atoms, we also exploit all available sparsity and pave the way to adopting more sophisticated methods for summation of the Coulomb and exchange interactions. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
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    Genome sequence of the radioresistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans R1 (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-24
    Description: The complete genome sequence of the radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans R1 is composed of two chromosomes (2,648,638 and 412,348 base pairs), a megaplasmid (177,466 base pairs), and a small plasmid (45,704 base pairs), yielding a total genome of 3,284, 156 base pairs. Multiple components distributed on the chromosomes and megaplasmid that contribute to the ability of D. radiodurans to survive under conditions of starvation, oxidative stress, and high amounts of DNA damage were identified. Deinococcus radiodurans represents an organism in which all systems for DNA repair, DNA damage export, desiccation and starvation recovery, and genetic redundancy are present in one cell.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147723/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147723/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, O -- Eisen, J A -- Heidelberg, J F -- Hickey, E K -- Peterson, J D -- Dodson, R J -- Haft, D H -- Gwinn, M L -- Nelson, W C -- Richardson, D L -- Moffat, K S -- Qin, H -- Jiang, L -- Pamphile, W -- Crosby, M -- Shen, M -- Vamathevan, J J -- Lam, P -- McDonald, L -- Utterback, T -- Zalewski, C -- Makarova, K S -- Aravind, L -- Daly, M J -- Minton, K W -- Fleischmann, R D -- Ketchum, K A -- Nelson, K E -- Salzberg, S -- Smith, H O -- Venter, J C -- Fraser, C M -- R01 CA077712/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 19;286(5444):1571-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10567266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis/chemistry/genetics ; Catalase/genetics ; Chromosomes, Bacterial/genetics ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Energy Metabolism ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Gram-Positive Cocci/chemistry/classification/*genetics/radiation effects ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Oxidative Stress ; *Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Plasmids ; Radiation Tolerance ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Superoxide Dismutase/genetics ; Thermus/chemistry/genetics ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    An STS-based map of the human genome (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-22
    Description: A physical map has been constructed of the human genome containing 15,086 sequence-tagged sites (STSs), with an average spacing of 199 kilobases. The project involved assembly of a radiation hybrid map of the human genome containing 6193 loci and incorporated a genetic linkage map of the human genome containing 5264 loci. This information was combined with the results of STS-content screening of 10,850 loci against a yeast artificial chromosome library to produce an integrated map, anchored by the radiation hybrid and genetic maps. The map provides radiation hybrid coverage of 99 percent and physical coverage of 94 percent of the human genome. The map also represents an early step in an international project to generate a transcript map of the human genome, with more than 3235 expressed sequences localized. The STSs in the map provide a scaffold for initiating large-scale sequencing of the human genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hudson, T J -- Stein, L D -- Gerety, S S -- Ma, J -- Castle, A B -- Silva, J -- Slonim, D K -- Baptista, R -- Kruglyak, L -- Xu, S H -- Hu, X -- Colbert, A M -- Rosenberg, C -- Reeve-Daly, M P -- Rozen, S -- Hui, L -- Wu, X -- Vestergaard, C -- Wilson, K M -- Bae, J S -- Maitra, S -- Ganiatsas, S -- Evans, C A -- DeAngelis, M M -- Ingalls, K A -- Nahf, R W -- Horton, L T Jr -- Anderson, M O -- Collymore, A J -- Ye, W -- Kouyoumjian, V -- Zemsteva, I S -- Tam, J -- Devine, R -- Courtney, D F -- Renaud, M T -- Nguyen, H -- O'Connor, T J -- Fizames, C -- Faure, S -- Gyapay, G -- Dib, C -- Morissette, J -- Orlin, J B -- Birren, B W -- Goodman, N -- Weissenbach, J -- Hawkins, T L -- Foote, S -- Page, D C -- Lander, E S -- HG00017/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG00098/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 22;270(5244):1945-54.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead-MIT Center for Genome Research, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8533086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast ; Databases, Factual ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Markers ; *Genome, Human ; *Human Genome Project ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Sequence Tagged Sites
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    A receptor kinase-like protein encoded by the rice disease resistance gene, Xa21 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-15
    Description: The rice Xa21 gene, which confers resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae race 6, was isolated by positional cloning. Fifty transgenic rice plants carrying the cloned Xa21 gene display high levels of resistance to the pathogen. The sequence of the predicted protein, which carries both a leucine-rich repeat motif and a serine-threonine kinase-like domain, suggests a role in cell surface recognition of a pathogen ligand and subsequent activation of an intracellular defense response. Characterization of Xa21 should facilitate understanding of plant disease resistance and lead to engineered resistance in rice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Song, W Y -- Wang, G L -- Chen, L L -- Kim, H S -- Pi, L Y -- Holsten, T -- Gardner, J -- Wang, B -- Zhai, W X -- Zhu, L H -- Fauquet, C -- Ronald, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 15;270(5243):1804-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8525370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Genes, Plant ; Genetic Linkage ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oryza/enzymology/*genetics/microbiology ; Plant Diseases ; Plant Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics/metabolism ; Xanthomonas/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Inhibitors of HIV nucleocapsid protein zinc fingers as candidates for the treatment of AIDS (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-17
    Description: Strategies for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection must contend with the obstacle of drug resistance. HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein zinc fingers are prime antiviral targets because they are mutationally intolerant and are required both for acute infection and virion assembly. Nontoxic disulfide-substituted benzamides were identified that attack the zinc fingers, inactivate cell-free virions, inhibit acute and chronic infections, and exhibit broad antiretroviral activity. The compounds were highly synergistic with other antiviral agents, and resistant mutants have not been detected. Zinc finger-reactive compounds may offer an anti-HIV strategy that restricts drug-resistance development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rice, W G -- Supko, J G -- Malspeis, L -- Buckheit, R W Jr -- Clanton, D -- Bu, M -- Graham, L -- Schaeffer, C A -- Turpin, J A -- Domagala, J -- Gogliotti, R -- Bader, J P -- Halliday, S M -- Coren, L -- Sowder, R C 2nd -- Arthur, L O -- Henderson, L E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1194-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Mechanisms, PRI/DynCorp., National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Benzamides/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Biological Availability ; Capsid/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Capsid Proteins ; Cell Line ; Disulfides/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Drug Synergism ; Gene Products, gag/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry ; HIV-1/*drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Viral Proteins ; Zinc Fingers/*drug effects ; gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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