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  • Chemical Engineering  (675)
  • 1985-1989  (464)
  • 1975-1979  (211)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixing studies in the single screw extruder (1985)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 25 (1985), S. 305-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Laminar mixing in a single screw extruder between two miscible liquids is considered. Studies are presented which examine the mixing performance in single screw extruders with mixing sections, variable geometry screws, and multi-viscosity mixtures. Model extruders, set up on engine lathes, were used to mix colored silicone rubber which eventually cured in the screw channel. The cured silicone was then removed and sliced to measure the mixing. Results show mixing as a function of both down channel location and total average strain. For the mixing section study, results support the theory of interfacial area reorientation as the key mechanism in mixing section performance. Increasing viscosity ratio for the multi-viscosity study showed a decrease in mixing rate.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760250510
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Facilitated transport of CO2 in ion exchange membranes (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 480-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The facilitated transport of CO2 through ion exchange membranes containing organic amine counterions was studied. Steady state CO2 fluxes were measured from pure gas streams and mixtures with CH4. Facilitation factors for CO2 up to 26.7 were calculated from transport data. Transport measurements were binary mixtures of CO2 and CH4 yielded ratios of CO2 flux to CH4 flux ranging from 29.0 to 264. Conversion of flux ratios to permeabilities yielded separation factors up to 551 for CO2 over CH4, which are compared to literature data for polymeric membranes. The transport data support a mobile, reactive-carrier facilitated transport mechanism with a carbamate zwitterion complex. Effective diffusivities for CO2 and the carrier-gas complex were determined from transport data. A reaction equilibrium model predicted facilitation factors that were in very good agreement with experimental values. Potential applications are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690330313
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscoelastic properties of homogeneous block copolymers (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 560-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The molecular theory of Rouse-Bueche-Zimm has been modified to predict the viscoelastic behavior of homogeneous block copolymers. The model consists of beads and springs whose magnitudes correspond to the types of blocks in the polymer. Maximum relaxation times can be computed by this model. Viscoelastic data for poly(styrene-b-α-methyl styrene-b-styrene), poly(α-methyl styrene-b-styrene-b-α-methylstyrene) and poly(styrene-b-α-methyl styrene) were determined by stress relaxation methods. The results compare favorably with those predicted by the theory.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170811
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crazing of fibrous polymersIssued on NRCC 17001 (1978)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 18 (1978), S. 923-927 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Highly oriented filaments of nylon 6 and polypropylene (PP) are shown to craze when deformed slowly at room temperature. A marked yield point occurs at 20-40 percent elongation. After this point extensive voiding occurs until at fracture the overall density is reduced by ∽25 percent for PP and ∽15 percent for nylon 6. SAXS analysis indicates that for PP the voids are elongated in the fiber axis while for nylon 6 voiding occurs both parallel and perpendicular to the fiber axis. Optical and electron microscopy show typical craze structures. The use of etching demonstrates that crazing occurs across the whole filament cross section. This yielding behavior is shown to be associated with the use of a low temperature of drawing during fiber production and becomes less important when a higher temperature of drawing or a separate annealing step are used. The crazing mechanism is thought to involve progressive separation of interfibril boundaries with the production of elongated voids.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760181203
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of impact and compact tension fracture properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (1985)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 25 (1985), S. 1035-1040 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper presents the results of a testing program carried out on the fracture properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The objective of the program was to determine the validity of using standard impact test methods to obtain fracture data, as opposed to the more expensive fracture toughness tests. It was found that impact test results may be used to evaluate fracture properties for PMMA with correlation being obtained with fracture toughness test data.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760251607
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow properties of low density/linear low density polyethylenes (1986)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 26 (1986), S. 28-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Rheological data have been collected both in shear and non-isothermal elongational flow on three different types of blends, made from one low density polyethylene sample and three linear low density polyethylene samples.In addition to the flow curves, data are presented on the extrudate-swell phenomenon, on the instability arising in capillary flow and on the tensile behavior in the molten state.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760260107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular demixing in poly[cross-(ethyl acrylete)]-inter-poly[cross-(methyl methacrylate)] interpenetrating polymer networks brought about by selective decrosslinking and annealing (1986)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 26 (1986), S. 730-735 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The extent of molecular demixing of poly[cross-(ethyl acrylate)]-inter-poly[cross-(methyl methacrylate)] interpenetrating polymer networks (PEA/PMMA IPNs), of mid-range composition was investigated by decrosslinking and/or annealing using dynamic mechanical spectroscopy. A single broad transition characteristic of extensive but incomplete molecular mixing was observed for the PEA/PMMA IPN. The presence of crosslinking in both phases of an IPN enhances the mutual miscibility of the polymers. Through the use of a labile crosslinker, acrylic acid anhydride (AAA), polymer networks may be decross-linked, allowing the chains to separate and form two distinct phases. Annealing further sharpens the transitions, and phase separation becomes most pronounced when decrosslinking is followed by annealing.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760261104
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel reinforced reaction injection molding (RRIM) processing: Computer-controlled multiple-stream RRIM production of interpenetrating polymer networks and polyurethanes (1987)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 27 (1987), S. 1209-1215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A four-stream computer-controlled reinforced reaction injection molding (RRIM) machine has been developed that attains high accuracy in dispense ratios throughout the injection period. This machine has been used for novel processing of polyurethanes, offering a route to varying product properties either throughout a shot or on a shotto-shot basis. It also has been used for what appears to be the first production on commercial scale RRIM equipment of a polyurethane-acrylic interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) in commercial cycle times of around 2 min.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760271602
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small angle X-ray scattering from block polymers. II. The bulk state (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 598-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The basic theory of X-ray scattering is applied to various hypothetical models for the bulk state of block polymers in order to explain the angular dependent scattering. The intensity of scattering is calculated for a rnicellar model, a zone model, and a molecular dumbbell model. The molecular dumbbell model, in contrast to the micellar and zone models, assumes that a block copolymer containing domains may be treated as one giant molecule and that, therefore, the locations of the domains are not random but are governed by the statistics of the segments which interconnect them. Experimental and calculated scattering curves are compared for several different types of block polymers.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170817
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer blends containing poly(vinylidene fluoride). Part IV: Thermodynamic interpretations (1978)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 18 (1978), S. 1225-1234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A summary of the transitional behavior of blends containing poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVF2, and various oxygen-containing polymers is presented. These data are used to establish the presence of a single miscible amorphous phase. The depression of the PVF2 melting point in those blends judged to be miscible is analyzed using standard thermodynamic arguments to determine the heats of mixing between the amorphous diluents and the PVF2. These heats of mixing are exothermic indicating the presence of strong interactions between the binary pairs. A comparison between the observed interaction strengths and the dipole moments of the various diluents suggests that the exothermic heats of mixing are the result of strong dipole-dipole interactions. Nearly all the miscible blends with PVF2 show Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) behavior. The direct correlation between the temperature location of this phase instability and the observed interaction strength suggests that the instability is more the result of enthalpic considerations than entropic ones.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760181607
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