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  • 1
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    Interactions between cancer stem cells and their niche govern metastatic colonization (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-14
    Description: Metastatic growth in distant organs is the major cause of cancer mortality. The development of metastasis is a multistage process with several rate-limiting steps. Although dissemination of tumour cells seems to be an early and frequent event, the successful initiation of metastatic growth, a process termed 'metastatic colonization', is inefficient for many cancer types and is accomplished only by a minority of cancer cells that reach distant sites. Prevalent target sites are characteristic of many tumour entities, suggesting that inadequate support by distant tissues contributes to the inefficiency of the metastatic process. Here we show that a small population of cancer stem cells is critical for metastatic colonization, that is, the initial expansion of cancer cells at the secondary site, and that stromal niche signals are crucial to this expansion process. We find that periostin (POSTN), a component of the extracellular matrix, is expressed by fibroblasts in the normal tissue and in the stroma of the primary tumour. Infiltrating tumour cells need to induce stromal POSTN expression in the secondary target organ (in this case lung) to initiate colonization. POSTN is required to allow cancer stem cell maintenance, and blocking its function prevents metastasis. POSTN recruits Wnt ligands and thereby increases Wnt signalling in cancer stem cells. We suggest that the education of stromal cells by infiltrating tumour cells is an important step in metastatic colonization and that preventing de novo niche formation may be a novel strategy for the treatment of metastatic disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malanchi, Ilaria -- Santamaria-Martinez, Albert -- Susanto, Evelyn -- Peng, Hong -- Lehr, Hans-Anton -- Delaloye, Jean-Francois -- Huelsken, Joerg -- England -- Nature. 2011 Dec 7;481(7379):85-9. doi: 10.1038/nature10694.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research and National Center of Competence in Research Molecular Oncology, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Metastasis/*pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism/*pathology ; Stem Cell Niche/*physiology ; Stromal Cells/metabolism ; Wnt Signaling Pathway
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Recombinant origin of the retrovirus XMRV (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-02
    Description: The retrovirus XMRV (xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus) has been detected in human prostate tumors and in blood samples from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, but these findings have not been replicated. We hypothesized that an understanding of when and how XMRV first arose might help explain the discrepant results. We studied human prostate cancer cell lines CWR22Rv1 and CWR-R1, which produce XMRV virtually identical to the viruses recently found in patient samples, as well as their progenitor human prostate tumor xenograft (CWR22) that had been passaged in mice. We detected XMRV infection in the two cell lines and in the later passage xenografts, but not in the early passages. In particular, we found that the host mice contained two proviruses, PreXMRV-1 and PreXMRV-2, which share 99.92% identity with XMRV over 〉3.2-kilobase stretches of their genomes. We conclude that XMRV was not present in the original CWR22 tumor but was generated by recombination of two proviruses during tumor passaging in mice. The probability that an identical recombinant was generated independently is negligible (~10(-12)); our results suggest that the association of XMRV with human disease is due to contamination of human samples with virus originating from this recombination event.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3278917/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3278917/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paprotka, Tobias -- Delviks-Frankenberry, Krista A -- Cingoz, Oya -- Martinez, Anthony -- Kung, Hsing-Jien -- Tepper, Clifford G -- Hu, Wei-Shau -- Fivash, Matthew J Jr -- Coffin, John M -- Pathak, Vinay K -- P30 CA093373/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA150197/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA 089441/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA089441/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA089441-11/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- ZIA BC011339-02/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 1;333(6038):97-101. doi: 10.1126/science.1205292. Epub 2011 May 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Viral Mutation Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21628392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor/*virology ; DNA Contamination ; DNA, Viral/analysis ; Endogenous Retroviruses/genetics ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/virology ; Gammaretrovirus/*genetics ; Genes, env ; Genes, gag ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*virology ; Proviruses/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus/*genetics/*isolation & ; purification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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