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  • 1
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    Dirac-source field-effect transistors as energy-efficient, high-performance electronic switches (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-27
    Description: An efficient way to reduce the power consumption of electronic devices is to lower the supply voltage, but this voltage is restricted by the thermionic limit of subthreshold swing (SS), 60 millivolts per decade, in field-effect transistors (FETs). We show that a graphene Dirac source (DS) with a much narrower electron density distribution around the Fermi level than that of conventional FETs can lower SS. A DS-FET with a carbon nanotube channel provided an average SS of 40 millivolts per decade over four decades of current at room temperature and high device current I 60 of up to 40 microamperes per micrometer at 60 millivolts per decade. When compared with state-of-the-art silicon 14-nanometer node FETs, a similar on-state current I on is realized but at a much lower supply voltage of 0.5 volts (versus 0.7 volts for silicon) and a much steeper SS below 35 millivolts per decade in the off-state.
    Keywords: Physics, Applied, Engineering
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Erratum: Weyl semimetal phase in the non-centrosymmetric compound TaAs (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-02
    Description: Nature Physics 11, 879 (2015). doi:10.1038/nphys3493 Author: L. X. Yang, Z. K. Liu, Y. Sun, H. Peng, H. F. Yang, T. Zhang, B. Zhou, Y. Zhang, Y. F. Guo, M. Rahn, D. Prabhakaran, Z. Hussain, S.-K. Mo, C. Felser, B. Yan & Y. L. Chen
    Print ISSN: 1745-2473
    Electronic ISSN: 1745-2481
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
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    Evolution of the Fermi surface of Weyl semimetals in the transition metal pnictide family (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: Nature Materials 15, 27 (2016). doi:10.1038/nmat4457 Authors: Z. K. Liu, L. X. Yang, Y. Sun, T. Zhang, H. Peng, H. F. Yang, C. Chen, Y. Zhang, Y. F. Guo, D. Prabhakaran, M. Schmidt, Z. Hussain, S.-K. Mo, C. Felser, B. Yan & Y. L. Chen Topological Weyl semimetals (TWSs) represent a novel state of topological quantum matter which not only possesses Weyl fermions (massless chiral particles that can be viewed as magnetic monopoles in momentum space) in the bulk and unique Fermi arcs generated by topological surface states, but also exhibits appealing physical properties such as extremely large magnetoresistance and ultra-high carrier mobility. Here, by performing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on NbP and TaP, we directly observed their band structures with characteristic Fermi arcs of TWSs. Furthermore, by systematically investigating NbP, TaP and TaAs from the same transition metal monopnictide family, we discovered their Fermiology evolution with spin–orbit coupling (SOC) strength. Our experimental findings not only reveal the mechanism to realize and fine-tune the electronic structures of TWSs, but also provide a rich material base for exploring many exotic physical phenomena (for example, chiral magnetic effects, negative magnetoresistance, and the quantum anomalous Hall effect) and novel future applications.
    Print ISSN: 1476-1122
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4660
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 4
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    Sintering of silicon nitride ceramics with magnesium silicon nitride and yttrium oxide as sintering aids (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-22
    Description: Silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) ceramics had been produced through pressureless sintering and hot-pressing sintering with MgSiN 2 -Y 2 O 3 or only MgSiN 2 as sintering aids. The influences of the amount of MgSiN 2 and Y 2 O 3 and sintering methods on the properties of Si 3 N 4 ceramics were investigated. The results show that the bend strength of Si 3 N 4 ceramic fabricated through pressureless sintering at 1820 °C for 4 h with 5.6 wt.% MgSiN 2 -15.8 wt.% Y 2 O 3 as sintering additive could achieve 839 MPa. However, the bend strength of Si 3 N 4 ceramic produced by hot-pressing sintering at 1750 °C for 1 h under uniaxial pressure of 20 MPa with 4.76 wt.% MgSiN 2 was 1149 MPa. The thermal conductivity of the Si 3 N 4 ceramic 2 3 4 could reach to 129 W·m −1 ·K 1 . The pre...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 5
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    A Study of Particle Size Effect on Biomass Torrefaction and Densification (2012)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-24
    Description: Energy & Fuels DOI: 10.1021/ef3004027
    Print ISSN: 0887-0624
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5029
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 6
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    APP2: automatic tracing of 3D neuron morphology based on hierarchical pruning of a gray-weighted image distance-tree (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-23
    Description: Motivation: Tracing of neuron morphology is an essential technique in computational neuroscience. However, despite a number of existing methods, few open-source techniques are completely or sufficiently automated and at the same time are able to generate robust results for real 3D microscopy images. Results: We developed all-path-pruning 2.0 (APP2) for 3D neuron tracing. The most important idea is to prune an initial reconstruction tree of a neuron’s morphology using a long-segment-first hierarchical procedure instead of the original termini-first-search process in APP. To further enhance the robustness of APP2, we compute the distance transform of all image voxels directly for a gray-scale image, without the need to binarize the image before invoking the conventional distance transform. We also design a fast-marching algorithm-based method to compute the initial reconstruction trees without pre-computing a large graph. This method allows us to trace large images. We bench-tested APP2 on ~700 3D microscopic images and found that APP2 can generate more satisfactory results in most cases than several previous methods. Availability: The software has been implemented as an open-source Vaa3D plugin. The source code is available in the Vaa3D code repository http://vaa3d.org . Contact: hanchuanp@alleninstitute.org Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Shrub Hydropedology: Preferential Water Availability to Deep Soil Layer (2013)
    Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-16
    Description: The complex interactions between shrub traits, soil structure, and soil water dynamics are not well understood yet. This study investigated rainfall partition by C. microphylla L., spatial soil water pattern, soil hydraulic conductivity, and soil macropores to ascertain preferential water flow to deep soil layer by shrub. Results indicated that high variability in throughfall existed within individual shrub stand: average coefficient of variation was 0.36 ± 0.13 for shrub and 0.15 ± 0.13 for interspace grass. Throughfall was less at the center of the shrub patch (30–60% of rainfall) than the outward positions at the edges of the canopy (70–90% of rainfall). Soil water responded differently to rainfall, soil depth, and vegetation type and showed high variability within shrub patches and on the slope. Greater and deeper infiltration was observed beneath C. microphylla L. canopy than interspaces grass after rainfall with large amount and high intensity, suggesting that macropore flow dominated in shrub patches. X-ray CT showed that macroporosity was over six times greater in soil under C. microphylla L. than interspace grass. Soil hydraulic conductivity for shrub at saturation and the pressure heads of –30, –60, and –150 mm were 3, 2, 2.5, and 2 times than those of grass, respectively. Shrub patches had a significant lower bulk density and higher porosity than grass patches at the top 0- to 30-cm depth. Soil hydraulic conductivity was significantly correlated to organic matter content, total N, bulk density, and porosity. This study suggests that rainfall partition by shrub’s canopy and subsurface soil macropores induced by root architecture results in preferential water flow into deep soil layer, which might favor competitive advantages for water by shrubs under arid conditions.
    Electronic ISSN: 1539-1663
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)
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  • 8
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    Characterization of p38 MAPK isoforms for drug resistance study using systems biology approach (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-27
    Description: Motivation: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation plays an important role in resistance to chemotherapeutic cytotoxic drugs in treating multiple myeloma (MM). However, how the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway is involved in drug resistance, in particular the roles that the various p38 isoforms play, remains largely unknown. Method: To explore the underlying mechanisms, we developed a novel systems biology approach by integrating liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and reverse phase protein array data from human MM cell lines with computational pathway models in which the unknown parameters were inferred using a proposed novel algorithm called modularized factor graph. Results: New mechanisms predicted by our models suggest that combined activation of various p38 isoforms may result in drug resistance in MM via regulating the related pathways including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and NFB pathway. ERK pathway regulating cell growth is synergistically regulated by p38 isoform, whereas nuclear factor kappa B (NFB) pathway regulating cell apoptosis is synergistically regulated by p38α isoform. This finding that p38 isoform promotes the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in MM cells treated with bortezomib was validated by western blotting. Based on the predicted mechanisms, we further screened drug combinations in silico and found that a promising drug combination targeting ERK1/2 and NFB might reduce the effects of drug resistance in MM cells. This study provides a framework of a systems biology approach to studying drug resistance and drug combination selection. Availability and implementation: RPPA experimental Data and Matlab source codes of modularized factor graph for parameter estimation are freely available online at http://ctsb.is.wfubmc.edu/publications/modularized-factor-graph.php Contact: xizhou@wakehealth.edu or zhanglcq@swu.edu.cn Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Dystroglycan regulation of inhibitory plasticity [Neuroscience] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-07
    Description: Dystroglycan (DG), a cell adhesion molecule well known to be essential for skeletal muscle integrity and formation of neuromuscular synapses, is also present at inhibitory synapses in the central nervous system. Mutations that affect DG function not only result in muscular dystrophies, but also in severe cognitive deficits and epilepsy....
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Study on Density, Hardness, and Moisture Uptake of Torrefied Wood Pellets (2013)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-06
    Description: Energy & Fuels DOI: 10.1021/ef301928q
    Print ISSN: 0887-0624
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5029
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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