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  • Time Factors  (77)
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  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (151)
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  • 2010-2014  (151)
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  • 2014  (45)
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  • 1
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    Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: Human alterations to nutrient cycles and herbivore communities are affecting global biodiversity dramatically. Ecological theory predicts these changes should be strongly counteractive: nutrient addition drives plant species loss through intensified competition for light, whereas herbivores prevent competitive exclusion by increasing ground-level light, particularly in productive systems. Here we use experimental data spanning a globally relevant range of conditions to test the hypothesis that herbaceous plant species losses caused by eutrophication may be offset by increased light availability due to herbivory. This experiment, replicated in 40 grasslands on 6 continents, demonstrates that nutrients and herbivores can serve as counteracting forces to control local plant diversity through light limitation, independent of site productivity, soil nitrogen, herbivore type and climate. Nutrient addition consistently reduced local diversity through light limitation, and herbivory rescued diversity at sites where it alleviated light limitation. Thus, species loss from anthropogenic eutrophication can be ameliorated in grasslands where herbivory increases ground-level light.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Borer, Elizabeth T -- Seabloom, Eric W -- Gruner, Daniel S -- Harpole, W Stanley -- Hillebrand, Helmut -- Lind, Eric M -- Adler, Peter B -- Alberti, Juan -- Anderson, T Michael -- Bakker, Jonathan D -- Biederman, Lori -- Blumenthal, Dana -- Brown, Cynthia S -- Brudvig, Lars A -- Buckley, Yvonne M -- Cadotte, Marc -- Chu, Chengjin -- Cleland, Elsa E -- Crawley, Michael J -- Daleo, Pedro -- Damschen, Ellen I -- Davies, Kendi F -- DeCrappeo, Nicole M -- Du, Guozhen -- Firn, Jennifer -- Hautier, Yann -- Heckman, Robert W -- Hector, Andy -- HilleRisLambers, Janneke -- Iribarne, Oscar -- Klein, Julia A -- Knops, Johannes M H -- La Pierre, Kimberly J -- Leakey, Andrew D B -- Li, Wei -- MacDougall, Andrew S -- McCulley, Rebecca L -- Melbourne, Brett A -- Mitchell, Charles E -- Moore, Joslin L -- Mortensen, Brent -- O'Halloran, Lydia R -- Orrock, John L -- Pascual, Jesus -- Prober, Suzanne M -- Pyke, David A -- Risch, Anita C -- Schuetz, Martin -- Smith, Melinda D -- Stevens, Carly J -- Sullivan, Lauren L -- Williams, Ryan J -- Wragg, Peter D -- Wright, Justin P -- Yang, Louie H -- England -- Nature. 2014 Apr 24;508(7497):517-20. doi: 10.1038/nature13144. Epub 2014 Mar 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. ; Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA. ; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA. ; Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl-von- Ossietzky University, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Oldenburg, Germany. ; Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA. ; Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata 7600 , Argentina. ; Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, USA. ; School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. ; Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA. ; Deptartment of Forest, Rangeland and Watershed Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA. ; Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA. ; 1] ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia [2] School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada. ; State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, Research Station of Alpine Meadow and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China. ; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA. ; Department of Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK. ; Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder Colorado 80309, USA. ; US Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA. ; Queensland University of Technology, Biogeosciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia. ; Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA. ; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA. ; Berkeley Initiative for Global Change Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94704, USA. ; Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, llinois 61820, USA. ; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada. ; Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA. ; Australian Research Center for Urban Ecology, c/o School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, and School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia. ; Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA. ; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Wembley, West Australia 6913, Australia. ; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland. ; Lancaster Environment Center, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK. ; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA. ; Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24670649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; Climate ; Eutrophication/drug effects/*radiation effects ; Geography ; Herbivory/*physiology ; Human Activities ; Internationality ; *Light ; Nitrogen/metabolism/pharmacology ; Plants/drug effects/*metabolism/*radiation effects ; *Poaceae/drug effects/physiology/radiation effects ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    A promoter-level mammalian expression atlas (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: Regulated transcription controls the diversity, developmental pathways and spatial organization of the hundreds of cell types that make up a mammal. Using single-molecule cDNA sequencing, we mapped transcription start sites (TSSs) and their usage in human and mouse primary cells, cell lines and tissues to produce a comprehensive overview of mammalian gene expression across the human body. We find that few genes are truly 'housekeeping', whereas many mammalian promoters are composite entities composed of several closely separated TSSs, with independent cell-type-specific expression profiles. TSSs specific to different cell types evolve at different rates, whereas promoters of broadly expressed genes are the most conserved. Promoter-based expression analysis reveals key transcription factors defining cell states and links them to binding-site motifs. The functions of identified novel transcripts can be predicted by coexpression and sample ontology enrichment analyses. The functional annotation of the mammalian genome 5 (FANTOM5) project provides comprehensive expression profiles and functional annotation of mammalian cell-type-specific transcriptomes with wide applications in biomedical research.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4529748/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4529748/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉FANTOM Consortium and the RIKEN PMI and CLST (DGT) -- Forrest, Alistair R R -- Kawaji, Hideya -- Rehli, Michael -- Baillie, J Kenneth -- de Hoon, Michiel J L -- Haberle, Vanja -- Lassmann, Timo -- Kulakovskiy, Ivan V -- Lizio, Marina -- Itoh, Masayoshi -- Andersson, Robin -- Mungall, Christopher J -- Meehan, Terrence F -- Schmeier, Sebastian -- Bertin, Nicolas -- Jorgensen, Mette -- Dimont, Emmanuel -- Arner, Erik -- Schmidl, Christian -- Schaefer, Ulf -- Medvedeva, Yulia A -- Plessy, Charles -- Vitezic, Morana -- Severin, Jessica -- Semple, Colin A -- Ishizu, Yuri -- Young, Robert S -- Francescatto, Margherita -- Alam, Intikhab -- Albanese, Davide -- Altschuler, Gabriel M -- Arakawa, Takahiro -- Archer, John A C -- Arner, Peter -- Babina, Magda -- Rennie, Sarah -- Balwierz, Piotr J -- Beckhouse, Anthony G -- Pradhan-Bhatt, Swati -- Blake, Judith A -- Blumenthal, Antje -- Bodega, Beatrice -- Bonetti, Alessandro -- Briggs, James -- Brombacher, Frank -- Burroughs, A Maxwell -- Califano, Andrea -- Cannistraci, Carlo V -- Carbajo, Daniel -- Chen, Yun -- Chierici, Marco -- Ciani, Yari -- Clevers, Hans C -- Dalla, Emiliano -- Davis, Carrie A -- Detmar, Michael -- Diehl, Alexander D -- Dohi, Taeko -- Drablos, Finn -- Edge, Albert S B -- Edinger, Matthias -- Ekwall, Karl -- Endoh, Mitsuhiro -- Enomoto, Hideki -- Fagiolini, Michela -- Fairbairn, Lynsey -- Fang, Hai -- Farach-Carson, Mary C -- Faulkner, Geoffrey J -- Favorov, Alexander V -- Fisher, Malcolm E -- Frith, Martin C -- Fujita, Rie -- Fukuda, Shiro -- Furlanello, Cesare -- Furino, Masaaki -- Furusawa, Jun-ichi -- Geijtenbeek, Teunis B -- Gibson, Andrew P -- Gingeras, Thomas -- Goldowitz, Daniel -- Gough, Julian -- Guhl, Sven -- Guler, Reto -- Gustincich, Stefano -- Ha, Thomas J -- Hamaguchi, Masahide -- Hara, Mitsuko -- Harbers, Matthias -- Harshbarger, Jayson -- Hasegawa, Akira -- Hasegawa, Yuki -- Hashimoto, Takehiro -- Herlyn, Meenhard -- Hitchens, Kelly J -- Ho Sui, Shannan J -- Hofmann, Oliver M -- Hoof, Ilka -- Hori, Furni -- Huminiecki, Lukasz -- Iida, Kei -- Ikawa, Tomokatsu -- Jankovic, Boris R -- Jia, Hui -- Joshi, Anagha -- Jurman, Giuseppe -- Kaczkowski, Bogumil -- Kai, Chieko -- Kaida, Kaoru -- Kaiho, Ai -- Kajiyama, Kazuhiro -- Kanamori-Katayama, Mutsumi -- Kasianov, Artem S -- Kasukawa, Takeya -- Katayama, Shintaro -- Kato, Sachi -- Kawaguchi, Shuji -- Kawamoto, Hiroshi -- Kawamura, Yuki I -- Kawashima, Tsugumi -- Kempfle, Judith S -- Kenna, Tony J -- Kere, Juha -- Khachigian, Levon M -- Kitamura, Toshio -- Klinken, S Peter -- Knox, Alan J -- Kojima, Miki -- Kojima, Soichi -- Kondo, Naoto -- Koseki, Haruhiko -- Koyasu, Shigeo -- Krampitz, Sarah -- Kubosaki, Atsutaka -- Kwon, Andrew T -- Laros, Jeroen F J -- Lee, Weonju -- Lennartsson, Andreas -- Li, Kang -- Lilje, Berit -- Lipovich, Leonard -- Mackay-Sim, Alan -- Manabe, Ri-ichiroh -- Mar, Jessica C -- Marchand, Benoit -- Mathelier, Anthony -- Mejhert, Niklas -- Meynert, Alison -- Mizuno, Yosuke -- de Lima Morais, David A -- Morikawa, Hiromasa -- Morimoto, Mitsuru -- Moro, Kazuyo -- Motakis, Efthymios -- Motohashi, Hozumi -- Mummery, Christine L -- Murata, Mitsuyoshi -- Nagao-Sato, Sayaka -- Nakachi, Yutaka -- Nakahara, Fumio -- Nakamura, Toshiyuki -- Nakamura, Yukio -- Nakazato, Kenichi -- van Nimwegen, Erik -- Ninomiya, Noriko -- Nishiyori, Hiromi -- Noma, Shohei -- Noazaki, Tadasuke -- Ogishima, Soichi -- Ohkura, Naganari -- Ohimiya, Hiroko -- Ohno, Hiroshi -- Ohshima, Mitsuhiro -- Okada-Hatakeyama, Mariko -- Okazaki, Yasushi -- Orlando, Valerio -- Ovchinnikov, Dmitry A -- Pain, Arnab -- Passier, Robert -- Patrikakis, Margaret -- Persson, Helena -- Piazza, Silvano -- Prendergast, James G D -- Rackham, Owen J L -- Ramilowski, Jordan A -- Rashid, Mamoon -- Ravasi, Timothy -- Rizzu, Patrizia -- Roncador, Marco -- Roy, Sugata -- Rye, Morten B -- Saijyo, Eri -- Sajantila, Antti -- Saka, Akiko -- Sakaguchi, Shimon -- Sakai, Mizuho -- Sato, Hiroki -- Savvi, Suzana -- Saxena, Alka -- Schneider, Claudio -- Schultes, Erik A -- Schulze-Tanzil, Gundula G -- Schwegmann, Anita -- Sengstag, Thierry -- Sheng, Guojun -- Shimoji, Hisashi -- Shimoni, Yishai -- Shin, Jay W -- Simon, Christophe -- Sugiyama, Daisuke -- Sugiyama, Takaai -- Suzuki, Masanori -- Suzuki, Naoko -- Swoboda, Rolf K -- 't Hoen, Peter A C -- Tagami, Michihira -- Takahashi, Naoko -- Takai, Jun -- Tanaka, Hiroshi -- Tatsukawa, Hideki -- Tatum, Zuotian -- Thompson, Mark -- Toyodo, Hiroo -- Toyoda, Tetsuro -- Valen, Elvind -- van de Wetering, Marc -- van den Berg, Linda M -- Verado, Roberto -- Vijayan, Dipti -- Vorontsov, Ilya E -- Wasserman, Wyeth W -- Watanabe, Shoko -- Wells, Christine A -- Winteringham, Louise N -- Wolvetang, Ernst -- Wood, Emily J -- Yamaguchi, Yoko -- Yamamoto, Masayuki -- Yoneda, Misako -- Yonekura, Yohei -- Yoshida, Shigehiro -- Zabierowski, Susan E -- Zhang, Peter G -- Zhao, Xiaobei -- Zucchelli, Silvia -- Summers, Kim M -- Suzuki, Harukazu -- Daub, Carsten O -- Kawai, Jun -- Heutink, Peter -- Hide, Winston -- Freeman, Tom C -- Lenhard, Boris -- Bajic, Vladimir B -- Taylor, Martin S -- Makeev, Vsevolod J -- Sandelin, Albin -- Hume, David A -- Carninci, Piero -- Hayashizaki, Yoshihide -- BB/F003722/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/G022771/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/I001107/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_PC_U127597124/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_UP_1102/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 DE022969/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM084875/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Mar 27;507(7493):462-70. doi: 10.1038/nature13182.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24670764" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Atlases as Topic ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cluster Analysis ; Conserved Sequence/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation/genetics ; Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics ; Genes, Essential/genetics ; Genome/genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; *Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Open Reading Frames/genetics ; Organ Specificity ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription Initiation Site ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics ; Transcriptome/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Rapid seeding of the viral reservoir prior to SIV viraemia in rhesus monkeys (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-22
    Description: The viral reservoir represents a critical challenge for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) eradication strategies. However, it remains unclear when and where the viral reservoir is seeded during acute infection and the extent to which it is susceptible to early antiretroviral therapy (ART). Here we show that the viral reservoir is seeded rapidly after mucosal simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus monkeys and before systemic viraemia. We initiated suppressive ART in groups of monkeys on days 3, 7, 10 and 14 after intrarectal SIVMAC251 infection. Treatment with ART on day 3 blocked the emergence of viral RNA and proviral DNA in peripheral blood and also substantially reduced levels of proviral DNA in lymph nodes and gastrointestinal mucosa as compared with treatment at later time points. In addition, treatment on day 3 abrogated the induction of SIV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Nevertheless, after discontinuation of ART following 24 weeks of fully suppressive therapy, virus rebounded in all animals, although the monkeys that were treated on day 3 exhibited a delayed viral rebound as compared with those treated on days 7, 10 and 14. The time to viral rebound correlated with total viraemia during acute infection and with proviral DNA at the time of ART discontinuation. These data demonstrate that the viral reservoir is seeded rapidly after intrarectal SIV infection of rhesus monkeys, during the 'eclipse' phase, and before detectable viraemia. This strikingly early seeding of the refractory viral reservoir raises important new challenges for HIV-1 eradication strategies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4126858/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4126858/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whitney, James B -- Hill, Alison L -- Sanisetty, Srisowmya -- Penaloza-MacMaster, Pablo -- Liu, Jinyan -- Shetty, Mayuri -- Parenteau, Lily -- Cabral, Crystal -- Shields, Jennifer -- Blackmore, Stephen -- Smith, Jeffrey Y -- Brinkman, Amanda L -- Peter, Lauren E -- Mathew, Sheeba I -- Smith, Kaitlin M -- Borducchi, Erica N -- Rosenbloom, Daniel I S -- Lewis, Mark G -- Hattersley, Jillian -- Li, Bei -- Hesselgesser, Joseph -- Geleziunas, Romas -- Robb, Merlin L -- Kim, Jerome H -- Michael, Nelson L -- Barouch, Dan H -- AI060354/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI078526/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI084794/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI095985/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI096040/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI100645/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI084794/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R56 AI091514/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007245/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI078526/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI095985/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI096040/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UM1 AI100645/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UM1 AI100663/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Aug 7;512(7512):74-7. doi: 10.1038/nature13594. Epub 2014 Jul 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. ; Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA. ; Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. ; Bioqual, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. ; Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California 94404, USA. ; US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25042999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Carrier State/drug therapy/virology ; DNA, Viral/analysis/biosynthesis/blood ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Kinetics ; Macaca mulatta/immunology/*virology ; Male ; Proviruses/genetics ; RNA, Viral/blood ; Rectum/virology ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/immunology/*virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/drug effects/*growth & ; development/immunology/physiology ; Time Factors ; Treatment Failure ; *Viral Load/drug effects ; Viremia/drug therapy/*virology ; Virus Replication/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Eutrophication weakens stabilizing effects of diversity in natural grasslands (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-18
    Description: Studies of experimental grassland communities have demonstrated that plant diversity can stabilize productivity through species asynchrony, in which decreases in the biomass of some species are compensated for by increases in others. However, it remains unknown whether these findings are relevant to natural ecosystems, especially those for which species diversity is threatened by anthropogenic global change. Here we analyse diversity-stability relationships from 41 grasslands on five continents and examine how these relationships are affected by chronic fertilization, one of the strongest drivers of species loss globally. Unmanipulated communities with more species had greater species asynchrony, resulting in more stable biomass production, generalizing a result from biodiversity experiments to real-world grasslands. However, fertilization weakened the positive effect of diversity on stability. Contrary to expectations, this was not due to species loss after eutrophication but rather to an increase in the temporal variation of productivity in combination with a decrease in species asynchrony in diverse communities. Our results demonstrate separate and synergistic effects of diversity and eutrophication on stability, emphasizing the need to understand how drivers of global change interactively affect the reliable provisioning of ecosystem services in real-world systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hautier, Yann -- Seabloom, Eric W -- Borer, Elizabeth T -- Adler, Peter B -- Harpole, W Stanley -- Hillebrand, Helmut -- Lind, Eric M -- MacDougall, Andrew S -- Stevens, Carly J -- Bakker, Jonathan D -- Buckley, Yvonne M -- Chu, Chengjin -- Collins, Scott L -- Daleo, Pedro -- Damschen, Ellen I -- Davies, Kendi F -- Fay, Philip A -- Firn, Jennifer -- Gruner, Daniel S -- Jin, Virginia L -- Klein, Julia A -- Knops, Johannes M H -- La Pierre, Kimberly J -- Li, Wei -- McCulley, Rebecca L -- Melbourne, Brett A -- Moore, Joslin L -- O'Halloran, Lydia R -- Prober, Suzanne M -- Risch, Anita C -- Sankaran, Mahesh -- Schuetz, Martin -- Hector, Andy -- England -- Nature. 2014 Apr 24;508(7497):521-5. doi: 10.1038/nature13014. Epub 2014 Feb 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA [2] Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. ; Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA. ; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA. ; Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. ; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada. ; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK. ; School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. ; 1] Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia [2] School of Natural Sciences, Department of Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. ; State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, Research Station of Alpine Meadow and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China. ; Department of Biology, MSC03-2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA. ; Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC) (CONICET-UNMdP), Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina. ; Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. ; United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Grassland Soil and Water Research Lab, Temple, Texas 76502, USA. ; Queensland University of Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane 4000, Australia. ; Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA. ; United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, USA. ; Department of Forest, Rangeland and Watershed Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA. ; Berkeley Initiative for Global Change Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. ; Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China. ; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA. ; 1] Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Melbourne, c/o School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia [2] School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia. ; Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA. ; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia. ; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. ; 1] School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK [2] National Centre for Biological Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bangalore 560065, India. ; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24531763" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Climate ; *Eutrophication/drug effects ; Fertilizers/*adverse effects ; Geography ; International Cooperation ; *Poaceae/drug effects/physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    A population-specific HTR2B stop codon predisposes to severe impulsivity (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-24
    Description: Impulsivity, describing action without foresight, is an important feature of several psychiatric diseases, suicidality and violent behaviour. The complex origins of impulsivity hinder identification of the genes influencing it and the diseases with which it is associated. Here we perform exon-focused sequencing of impulsive individuals in a founder population, targeting fourteen genes belonging to the serotonin and dopamine domain. A stop codon in HTR2B was identified that is common (minor allele frequency 〉 1%) but exclusive to Finnish people. Expression of the gene in the human brain was assessed, as well as the molecular functionality of the stop codon, which was associated with psychiatric diseases marked by impulsivity in both population and family-based analyses. Knockout of Htr2b increased impulsive behaviours in mice, indicative of predictive validity. Our study shows the potential for identifying and tracing effects of rare alleles in complex behavioural phenotypes using founder populations, and indicates a role for HTR2B in impulsivity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183507/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183507/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bevilacqua, Laura -- Doly, Stephane -- Kaprio, Jaakko -- Yuan, Qiaoping -- Tikkanen, Roope -- Paunio, Tiina -- Zhou, Zhifeng -- Wedenoja, Juho -- Maroteaux, Luc -- Diaz, Silvina -- Belmer, Arnaud -- Hodgkinson, Colin A -- Dell'osso, Liliana -- Suvisaari, Jaana -- Coccaro, Emil -- Rose, Richard J -- Peltonen, Leena -- Virkkunen, Matti -- Goldman, David -- AA-09203/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AA-12502/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- Z01 AA000301-09/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Z01 AA000301-10/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Z99 AA999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 23;468(7327):1061-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09629.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21179162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Line ; Female ; Finland ; Founder Effect ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Genotype ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior/*genetics ; Male ; Mental Disorders/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, 129 Strain ; Mice, Knockout ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/*genetics/*metabolism ; Testosterone/blood/cerebrospinal fluid
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    N-myristoyltransferase inhibitors as new leads to treat sleeping sickness (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-04-03
    Description: African sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis, caused by Trypanosoma brucei spp., is responsible for approximately 30,000 deaths each year. Available treatments for this disease are poor, with unacceptable efficacy and safety profiles, particularly in the late stage of the disease when the parasite has infected the central nervous system. Here we report the validation of a molecular target and the discovery of associated lead compounds with the potential to address this lack of suitable treatments. Inhibition of this target-T. brucei N-myristoyltransferase-leads to rapid killing of trypanosomes both in vitro and in vivo and cures trypanosomiasis in mice. These high-affinity inhibitors bind into the peptide substrate pocket of the enzyme and inhibit protein N-myristoylation in trypanosomes. The compounds identified have promising pharmaceutical properties and represent an opportunity to develop oral drugs to treat this devastating disease. Our studies validate T. brucei N-myristoyltransferase as a promising therapeutic target for human African trypanosomiasis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917743/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917743/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frearson, Julie A -- Brand, Stephen -- McElroy, Stuart P -- Cleghorn, Laura A T -- Smid, Ondrej -- Stojanovski, Laste -- Price, Helen P -- Guther, M Lucia S -- Torrie, Leah S -- Robinson, David A -- Hallyburton, Irene -- Mpamhanga, Chidochangu P -- Brannigan, James A -- Wilkinson, Anthony J -- Hodgkinson, Michael -- Hui, Raymond -- Qiu, Wei -- Raimi, Olawale G -- van Aalten, Daan M F -- Brenk, Ruth -- Gilbert, Ian H -- Read, Kevin D -- Fairlamb, Alan H -- Ferguson, Michael A J -- Smith, Deborah F -- Wyatt, Paul G -- 077503/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 077705/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 085622/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 087590/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1097737/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- G0900138/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0900138(90614)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- WT077503/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- WT077705/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- WT083481,/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- WT085622/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 1;464(7289):728-32. doi: 10.1038/nature08893.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyltransferases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Aminopyridines/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antiparasitic Agents/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Enzyme Assays ; Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; Pyrazoles/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Rats ; Sulfonamides/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei/*drug effects/*enzymology/growth & development ; Trypanosomiasis, African/*drug therapy/*parasitology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    MR1 presents microbial vitamin B metabolites to MAIT cells (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-10-12
    Description: Antigen-presenting molecules, encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and CD1 family, bind peptide- and lipid-based antigens, respectively, for recognition by T cells. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an abundant population of innate-like T cells in humans that are activated by an antigen(s) bound to the MHC class I-like molecule MR1. Although the identity of MR1-restricted antigen(s) is unknown, it is present in numerous bacteria and yeast. Here we show that the structure and chemistry within the antigen-binding cleft of MR1 is distinct from the MHC and CD1 families. MR1 is ideally suited to bind ligands originating from vitamin metabolites. The structure of MR1 in complex with 6-formyl pterin, a folic acid (vitamin B9) metabolite, shows the pterin ring sequestered within MR1. Furthermore, we characterize related MR1-restricted vitamin derivatives, originating from the bacterial riboflavin (vitamin B2) biosynthetic pathway, which specifically and potently activate MAIT cells. Accordingly, we show that metabolites of vitamin B represent a class of antigen that are presented by MR1 for MAIT-cell immunosurveillance. As many vitamin biosynthetic pathways are unique to bacteria and yeast, our data suggest that MAIT cells use these metabolites to detect microbial infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kjer-Nielsen, Lars -- Patel, Onisha -- Corbett, Alexandra J -- Le Nours, Jerome -- Meehan, Bronwyn -- Liu, Ligong -- Bhati, Mugdha -- Chen, Zhenjun -- Kostenko, Lyudmila -- Reantragoon, Rangsima -- Williamson, Nicholas A -- Purcell, Anthony W -- Dudek, Nadine L -- McConville, Malcolm J -- O'Hair, Richard A J -- Khairallah, George N -- Godfrey, Dale I -- Fairlie, David P -- Rossjohn, Jamie -- McCluskey, James -- England -- Nature. 2012 Nov 29;491(7426):717-23. doi: 10.1038/nature11605. Epub 2012 Oct 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23051753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigen Presentation ; Bacterial Infections/immunology/microbiology ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Folic Acid/chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens/chemistry/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunologic Surveillance/immunology ; Jurkat Cells ; Ligands ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Refolding/drug effects ; Pterins/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism/pharmacology ; Salmonella/immunology/metabolism ; Salmonella Infections/immunology/microbiology ; Static Electricity ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; beta 2-Microglobulin/immunology/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A novel retinoblastoma therapy from genomic and epigenetic analyses (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-01-13
    Description: Retinoblastoma is an aggressive childhood cancer of the developing retina that is initiated by the biallelic loss of RB1. Tumours progress very quickly following RB1 inactivation but the underlying mechanism is not known. Here we show that the retinoblastoma genome is stable, but that multiple cancer pathways can be epigenetically deregulated. To identify the mutations that cooperate with RB1 loss, we performed whole-genome sequencing of retinoblastomas. The overall mutational rate was very low; RB1 was the only known cancer gene mutated. We then evaluated the role of RB1 in genome stability and considered non-genetic mechanisms of cancer pathway deregulation. For example, the proto-oncogene SYK is upregulated in retinoblastoma and is required for tumour cell survival. Targeting SYK with a small-molecule inhibitor induced retinoblastoma tumour cell death in vitro and in vivo. Thus, retinoblastomas may develop quickly as a result of the epigenetic deregulation of key cancer pathways as a direct or indirect result of RB1 loss.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289956/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289956/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Jinghui -- Benavente, Claudia A -- McEvoy, Justina -- Flores-Otero, Jacqueline -- Ding, Li -- Chen, Xiang -- Ulyanov, Anatoly -- Wu, Gang -- Wilson, Matthew -- Wang, Jianmin -- Brennan, Rachel -- Rusch, Michael -- Manning, Amity L -- Ma, Jing -- Easton, John -- Shurtleff, Sheila -- Mullighan, Charles -- Pounds, Stanley -- Mukatira, Suraj -- Gupta, Pankaj -- Neale, Geoff -- Zhao, David -- Lu, Charles -- Fulton, Robert S -- Fulton, Lucinda L -- Hong, Xin -- Dooling, David J -- Ochoa, Kerri -- Naeve, Clayton -- Dyson, Nicholas J -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Bahrami, Armita -- Ellison, David -- Wilson, Richard K -- Downing, James R -- Dyer, Michael A -- CA21765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA64402/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- EY014867/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY018599/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- GM81607/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA155202/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY014867/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY014867-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018599/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018599-03/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jan 11;481(7381):329-34. doi: 10.1038/nature10733.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22237022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aneuploidy ; Animals ; Cell Death/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Chromosomal Instability/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Retinoblastoma/genetics ; *Genomics ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; *Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Mutation/genetics ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Retinoblastoma/*drug therapy/*genetics/pathology ; Retinoblastoma Protein/deficiency/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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    Heterodimeric JAK-STAT activation as a mechanism of persistence to JAK2 inhibitor therapy (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-07-24
    Description: The identification of somatic activating mutations in JAK2 (refs 1-4) and in the thrombopoietin receptor gene (MPL) in most patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) led to the clinical development of JAK2 kinase inhibitors. JAK2 inhibitor therapy improves MPN-associated splenomegaly and systemic symptoms but does not significantly decrease or eliminate the MPN clone in most patients with MPN. We therefore sought to characterize mechanisms by which MPN cells persist despite chronic inhibition of JAK2. Here we show that JAK2 inhibitor persistence is associated with reactivation of JAK-STAT signalling and with heterodimerization between activated JAK2 and JAK1 or TYK2, consistent with activation of JAK2 in trans by other JAK kinases. Further, this phenomenon is reversible: JAK2 inhibitor withdrawal is associated with resensitization to JAK2 kinase inhibitors and with reversible changes in JAK2 expression. We saw increased JAK2 heterodimerization and sustained JAK2 activation in cell lines, in murine models and in patients treated with JAK2 inhibitors. RNA interference and pharmacological studies show that JAK2-inhibitor-persistent cells remain dependent on JAK2 protein expression. Consequently, therapies that result in JAK2 degradation retain efficacy in persistent cells and may provide additional benefit to patients with JAK2-dependent malignancies treated with JAK2 inhibitors.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3991463/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3991463/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koppikar, Priya -- Bhagwat, Neha -- Kilpivaara, Outi -- Manshouri, Taghi -- Adli, Mazhar -- Hricik, Todd -- Liu, Fan -- Saunders, Lindsay M -- Mullally, Ann -- Abdel-Wahab, Omar -- Leung, Laura -- Weinstein, Abby -- Marubayashi, Sachie -- Goel, Aviva -- Gonen, Mithat -- Estrov, Zeev -- Ebert, Benjamin L -- Chiosis, Gabriela -- Nimer, Stephen D -- Bernstein, Bradley E -- Verstovsek, Srdan -- Levine, Ross L -- 1R01CA151949-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA016672/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA151949/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Sep 6;489(7414):155-9. doi: 10.1038/nature11303.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22820254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Granulocytes/drug effects/enzymology/metabolism ; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Humans ; Janus Kinase 1/biosynthesis/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Janus Kinase 2/*antagonists & inhibitors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Myeloproliferative Disorders/*drug therapy/enzymology/metabolism/pathology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; *Protein Multimerization ; RNA Interference ; STAT Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction/drug effects ; TYK2 Kinase/biosynthesis/deficiency/genetics/metabolism
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    Androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cells produce live transgenic mice (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-10-02
    Description: Haploids and double haploids are important resources for studying recessive traits and have large impacts on crop breeding, but natural haploids are rare in animals. Mammalian haploids are restricted to germline cells and are occasionally found in tumours with massive chromosome loss. Recent success in establishing haploid embryonic stem (ES) cells in medaka fish and mice raised the possibility of using engineered mammalian haploid cells in genetic studies. However, the availability and functional characterization of mammalian haploid ES cells are still limited. Here we show that mouse androgenetic haploid ES (ahES) cell lines can be established by transferring sperm into an enucleated oocyte. The ahES cells maintain haploidy and stable growth over 30 passages, express pluripotent markers, possess the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers in vitro and in vivo, and contribute to germlines of chimaeras when injected into blastocysts. Although epigenetically distinct from sperm cells, the ahES cells can produce viable and fertile progenies after intracytoplasmic injection into mature oocytes. The oocyte-injection procedure can also produce viable transgenic mice from genetically engineered ahES cells. Our findings show the developmental pluripotency of androgenentic haploids and provide a new tool to quickly produce genetic models for recessive traits. They may also shed new light on assisted reproduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Wei -- Shuai, Ling -- Wan, Haifeng -- Dong, Mingzhu -- Wang, Meng -- Sang, Lisi -- Feng, Chunjing -- Luo, Guan-Zheng -- Li, Tianda -- Li, Xin -- Wang, Libin -- Zheng, Qin-Yuan -- Sheng, Chao -- Wu, Hua-Jun -- Liu, Zhonghua -- Liu, Lei -- Wang, Liu -- Wang, Xiu-Jie -- Zhao, Xiao-Yang -- Zhou, Qi -- England -- Nature. 2012 Oct 18;490(7420):407-11. doi: 10.1038/nature11435. Epub 2012 Sep 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23023130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/*metabolism ; Animals ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Blastocyst/cytology ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus ; Chimera/embryology/genetics ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; *Haploidy ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic/embryology/genetics/*growth & development ; Models, Animal ; Models, Genetic ; Oocytes/cytology/growth & development/metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Spermatozoa/metabolism/transplantation
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