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  • *Ecosystem  (40)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (40)
  • EDP Sciences
  • 2000-2004  (40)
  • 2001  (40)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (40)
  • EDP Sciences
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  • 2000-2004  (40)
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  • 1
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    Forecasting agriculturally driven global environmental change (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-17
    Description: During the next 50 years, which is likely to be the final period of rapid agricultural expansion, demand for food by a wealthier and 50% larger global population will be a major driver of global environmental change. Should past dependences of the global environmental impacts of agriculture on human population and consumption continue, 10(9) hectares of natural ecosystems would be converted to agriculture by 2050. This would be accompanied by 2.4- to 2.7-fold increases in nitrogen- and phosphorus-driven eutrophication of terrestrial, freshwater, and near-shore marine ecosystems, and comparable increases in pesticide use. This eutrophication and habitat destruction would cause unprecedented ecosystem simplification, loss of ecosystem services, and species extinctions. Significant scientific advances and regulatory, technological, and policy changes are needed to control the environmental impacts of agricultural expansion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tilman, D -- Fargione, J -- Wolff, B -- D'Antonio, C -- Dobson, A -- Howarth, R -- Schindler, D -- Schlesinger, W H -- Simberloff, D -- Swackhamer, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 13;292(5515):281-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. tilman@lter.umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11303102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Eutrophication ; Fertilizers ; Forecasting ; Fresh Water ; Nitrogen ; Pesticides ; Phosphorus ; Regression Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Biogeography and ecological setting of Indian Ocean hydrothermal vents (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-15
    Description: Within the endemic invertebrate faunas of hydrothermal vents, five biogeographic provinces are recognized. Invertebrates at two Indian Ocean vent fields (Kairei and Edmond) belong to a sixth province, despite ecological settings and invertebrate-bacterial symbioses similar to those of both western Pacific and Atlantic vents. Most organisms found at these Indian Ocean vent fields have evolutionary affinities with western Pacific vent faunas, but a shrimp that ecologically dominates Indian Ocean vents closely resembles its Mid-Atlantic counterpart. These findings contribute to a global assessment of the biogeography of chemosynthetic faunas and indicate that the Indian Ocean vent community follows asymmetric assembly rules biased toward Pacific evolutionary alliances.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Dover, C L -- Humphris, S E -- Fornari, D -- Cavanaugh, C M -- Collier, R -- Goffredi, S K -- Hashimoto, J -- Lilley, M D -- Reysenbach, A L -- Shank, T M -- Von Damm, K L -- Banta, A -- Gallant, R M -- Gotz, D -- Green, D -- Hall, J -- Harmer, T L -- Hurtado, L A -- Johnson, P -- McKiness, Z P -- Meredith, C -- Olson, E -- Pan, I L -- Turnipseed, M -- Won, Y -- Young, C R 3rd -- Vrijenhoek, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 26;294(5543):818-23. Epub 2001 Sep 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA. cindy_vandover@wm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11557843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biological Evolution ; Biomass ; Decapoda (Crustacea)/classification/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Euryarchaeota/classification/isolation & purification/physiology ; Geography ; *Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Hot Temperature ; Invertebrates/classification/microbiology/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mollusca/classification/physiology ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater ; Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: current knowledge and future challenges (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-27
    Description: The ecological consequences of biodiversity loss have aroused considerable interest and controversy during the past decade. Major advances have been made in describing the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem processes, in identifying functionally important species, and in revealing underlying mechanisms. There is, however, uncertainty as to how results obtained in recent experiments scale up to landscape and regional levels and generalize across ecosystem types and processes. Larger numbers of species are probably needed to reduce temporal variability in ecosystem processes in changing environments. A major future challenge is to determine how biodiversity dynamics, ecosystem processes, and abiotic factors interact.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Loreau, M -- Naeem, S -- Inchausti, P -- Bengtsson, J -- Grime, J P -- Hector, A -- Hooper, D U -- Huston, M A -- Raffaelli, D -- Schmid, B -- Tilman, D -- Wardle, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 26;294(5543):804-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire d'Ecologie, UMR 7625, Ecole Normale Superieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, F-75230 Paris Cedex 05, France. Loreau@ens.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11679658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Plant Physiological Phenomena
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Ecological forecasts: an emerging imperative (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: Planning and decision-making can be improved by access to reliable forecasts of ecosystem state, ecosystem services, and natural capital. Availability of new data sets, together with progress in computation and statistics, will increase our ability to forecast ecosystem change. An agenda that would lead toward a capacity to produce, evaluate, and communicate forecasts of critical ecosystem services requires a process that engages scientists and decision-makers. Interdisciplinary linkages are necessary because of the climate and societal controls on ecosystems, the feedbacks involving social change, and the decision-making relevance of forecasts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, J S -- Carpenter, S R -- Barber, M -- Collins, S -- Dobson, A -- Foley, J A -- Lodge, D M -- Pascual, M -- Pielke, R Jr -- Pizer, W -- Pringle, C -- Reid, W V -- Rose, K A -- Sala, O -- Schlesinger, W H -- Wall, D H -- Wear, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):657-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA. jimclark@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; Decision Making ; Disease Outbreaks ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Epidemiology ; *Forecasting ; Humans ; Policy Making ; Population Growth ; Stochastic Processes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Environment. Can we defy nature's end? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pimm, S L -- Ayres, M -- Balmford, A -- Branch, G -- Brandon, K -- Brooks, T -- Bustamante, R -- Costanza, R -- Cowling, R -- Curran, L M -- Dobson, A -- Farber, S -- da Fonseca, G A -- Gascon, C -- Kitching, R -- McNeely, J -- Lovejoy, T -- Mittermeier, R A -- Myers, N -- Patz, J A -- Raffle, B -- Rapport, D -- Raven, P -- Roberts, C -- Rodriguez, J P -- Rylands, A B -- Tucker, C -- Safina, C -- Samper, C -- Stiassny, M L -- Supriatna, J -- Wall, D H -- Wilcove, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 21;293(5538):2207-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Environmental Research and Conservation, MC 5556, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. StuartPimm@aol.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Public Policy ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Migratory movements, depth preferences, and thermal biology of Atlantic bluefin tuna (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-18
    Description: The deployment of electronic data storage tags that are surgically implanted or satellite-linked provides marine researchers with new ways to examine the movements, environmental preferences, and physiology of pelagic vertebrates. We report the results obtained from tagging of Atlantic bluefin tuna with implantable archival and pop-up satellite archival tags. The electronic tagging data provide insights into the seasonal movements and environmental preferences of this species. Bluefin tuna dive to depths of 〉1000 meters and maintain a warm body temperature. Western-tagged bluefin tuna make trans-Atlantic migrations and they frequent spawning grounds in the Gulf of Mexico and eastern Mediterranean. These data are critical for the future management and conservation of bluefin tuna in the Atlantic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Block, B A -- Dewar, H -- Blackwell, S B -- Williams, T D -- Prince, E D -- Farwell, C J -- Boustany, A -- Teo, S L -- Seitz, A -- Walli, A -- Fudge, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 17;293(5533):1310-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tuna Research and Conservation Center, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Oceanview Boulevard, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA. bblock@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Identification Systems ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Behavior, Animal ; Body Temperature ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Diving ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Fisheries ; Male ; Reproduction ; Seasons ; Swimming ; Temperature ; Tuna/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Diversity and productivity in a long-term grassland experiment (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-27
    Description: Plant diversity and niche complementarity had progressively stronger effects on ecosystem functioning during a 7-year experiment, with 16-species plots attaining 2.7 times greater biomass than monocultures. Diversity effects were neither transients nor explained solely by a few productive or unviable species. Rather, many higher-diversity plots outperformed the best monoculture. These results help resolve debate over biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, show effects at higher than expected diversity levels, and demonstrate, for these ecosystems, that even the best-chosen monocultures cannot achieve greater productivity or carbon stores than higher-diversity sites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tilman, D -- Reich, P B -- Knops, J -- Wedin, D -- Mielke, T -- Lehman, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 26;294(5543):843-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. tilman@umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11679667" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analysis of Variance ; *Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; Fabaceae/growth & development ; Minnesota ; *Plant Development ; Poaceae/*growth & development ; Regression Analysis ; Seasons
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Control of nitrogen export from watersheds by headwater streams (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-09
    Description: A comparative (15)N-tracer study of nitrogen dynamics in headwater streams from biomes throughout North America demonstrates that streams exert control over nutrient exports to rivers, lakes, and estuaries. The most rapid uptake and transformation of inorganic nitrogen occurred in the smallest streams. Ammonium entering these streams was removed from the water within a few tens to hundreds of meters. Nitrate was also removed from stream water but traveled a distance 5 to 10 times as long, on average, as ammonium. Despite low ammonium concentration in stream water, nitrification rates were high, indicating that small streams are potentially important sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide. During seasons of high biological activity, the reaches of headwater streams typically export downstream less than half of the input of dissolved inorganic nitrogen from their watersheds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peterson, B J -- Wollheim, W M -- Mulholland, P J -- Webster, J R -- Meyer, J L -- Tank, J L -- Marti, E -- Bowden, W B -- Valett, H M -- Hershey, A E -- McDowell, W H -- Dodds, W K -- Hamilton, S K -- Gregory, S -- Morrall, D D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 6;292(5514):86-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11292868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Absorption ; Animals ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Biofilms ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/metabolism ; *Fresh Water ; Fungi/metabolism ; Geologic Sediments ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Nitrogen/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Photosynthesis ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/metabolism ; Seasons ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Sudden productivity collapse associated with the Triassic-Jurassic boundary mass extinction (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-12
    Description: The end-Triassic mass extinction is one of the five most catastrophic in Phanerozoic Earth history. Here we report carbon isotope evidence of a pronounced productivity collapse at the boundary, coincident with a sudden extinction among marine plankton, from stratigraphic sections on the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada. This signal is similar to (though smaller than) the carbon isotope excursions associated with the Permian-Triassic and Cretaceous-Tertiary events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ward, P D -- Haggart, J W -- Carter, E S -- Wilbur, D -- Tipper, H W -- Evans, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 11;292(5519):1148-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11349146" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; British Columbia ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/*parasitology ; History, Ancient ; Plankton/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Worldwide observations of remarkable deep-sea squids (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vecchione, M -- Young, R E -- Guerra, A -- Lindsay, D J -- Clague, D A -- Bernhard, J M -- Sager, W W -- Gonzalez, A F -- Rocha, F J -- Segonzac, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2505.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Marine Fisheries Service, Systematics Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560, USA. vecchione.michael@nmnh.si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Decapodiformes/*anatomy & histology/classification/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Escape Reaction ; Locomotion ; Movement ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater ; Videotape Recording
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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