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  • 1
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    On the origin of internal structure of word forms (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-04-25
    Description: This study shows that a corpus of proto-word forms shares four sequential sound patterns with words of modern languages and the first words of infants. Three of the patterns involve intrasyllabic consonant-vowel (CV) co-occurrence: labial (lip) consonants with central vowels, coronal (tongue front) consonants with front vowels, and dorsal (tongue back) consonants with back vowels. The fourth pattern is an intersyllabic preference for initiating words with a labial consonant-vowel-coronal consonant sequence (LC). The CV effects may be primarily biomechanically motivated. The LC effect may be self-organizational, with multivariate causality. The findings support the hypothesis that these four patterns were basic to the origin of words.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacNeilage, P F -- Davis, B L -- R01 HD 27733-07/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 21;288(5465):527-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA. macneilage@psy.utexas.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10775113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomechanical Phenomena ; Humans ; Infant ; *Language Development ; Lip/physiology ; Mandible/physiology ; Movement ; *Phonetics ; *Speech ; Tongue/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Role of the guanosine triphosphatase Rac2 in T helper 1 cell differentiation (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-24
    Description: T helper 1 (TH1) cells mediate cellular immunity, whereas TH2 cells potentiate antiparasite and humoral immunity. We used a complementary DNA subtraction method, representational display analysis, to show that the small guanosine triphosphatase Rac2 is expressed selectively in murine TH1 cells. Rac induces the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) promoter through cooperative activation of the nuclear factor kappa B and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Tetracycline-regulated transgenic mice expressing constitutively active Rac2 in T cells exhibited enhanced IFN-gamma production. Dominant-negative Rac inhibited IFN-gamma production in murine T cells. Moreover, T cells from Rac2-/- mice showed decreased IFN-gamma production under TH1 conditions in vitro. Thus, Rac2 activates TH1-specific signaling and IFN-gamma gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, B -- Yu, H -- Zheng, W -- Voll, R -- Na, S -- Roberts, A W -- Williams, D A -- Davis, R J -- Ghosh, S -- Flavell, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 23;288(5474):2219-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Immunobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8011, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10864872" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines/biosynthesis/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis/*genetics ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Jurkat Cells ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Signal Transduction ; Th1 Cells/cytology/*immunology/*metabolism ; Transfection ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Architecture of RNA polymerase II and implications for the transcription mechanism (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-04-28
    Description: A backbone model of a 10-subunit yeast RNA polymerase II has been derived from x-ray diffraction data extending to 3 angstroms resolution. All 10 subunits exhibit a high degree of identity with the corresponding human proteins, and 9 of the 10 subunits are conserved among the three eukaryotic RNA polymerases I, II, and III. Notable features of the model include a pair of jaws, formed by subunits Rpb1, Rpb5, and Rpb9, that appear to grip DNA downstream of the active center. A clamp on the DNA nearer the active center, formed by Rpb1, Rpb2, and Rpb6, may be locked in the closed position by RNA, accounting for the great stability of transcribing complexes. A pore in the protein complex beneath the active center may allow entry of substrates for polymerization and exit of the transcript during proofreading and passage through pause sites in the DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cramer, P -- Bushnell, D A -- Fu, J -- Gnatt, A L -- Maier-Davis, B -- Thompson, N E -- Burgess, R R -- Edwards, A M -- David, P R -- Kornberg, R D -- GM49985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 28;288(5466):640-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5126, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10784442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA, Fungal/chemistry/metabolism ; Enzyme Stability ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Humans ; *Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA Polymerase II/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Fungal/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/metabolism ; Thermus/enzymology ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/metabolism ; *Transcription Factors, General ; *Transcription, Genetic ; *Transcriptional Elongation Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Gamma oscillations and object processing in the infant brain (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-11-25
    Description: An enduring controversy in neuroscience concerns how the brain "binds" together separately coded stimulus features to form unitary representations of objects. Recent evidence has indicated a close link between this binding process and 40-hertz (gamma-band) oscillations generated by localized neural circuits. In a separate line of research, the ability of young infants to perceive objects as unitary and bounded has become a central focus for debates about the mechanisms of perceptual development. Here we demonstrate that binding-related 40-hertz oscillations are evident in the infant brain around 8 months of age, which is the same age at which behavioral and event-related potential evidence indicates the onset of perceptual binding of spatially separated static visual features.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Csibra, G -- Davis, G -- Spratling, M W -- Johnson, M H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 24;290(5496):1582-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, School of Psychology, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK. g.csibra@bbk.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11090357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Female ; *Form Perception ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Occipital Lobe/physiology ; Parietal Lobe/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Beta-arrestin 2: a receptor-regulated MAPK scaffold for the activation of JNK3 (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-11-25
    Description: beta-Arrestins, originally discovered in the context of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) desensitization, also function in internalization and signaling of these receptors. We identified c-Jun amino-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) as a binding partner of beta-arrestin 2 using a yeast two-hybrid screen and by coimmunoprecipitation from mouse brain extracts or cotransfected COS-7 cells. The upstream JNK activators apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase 4 were also found in complex with beta-arrestin 2. Cellular transfection of beta-arrestin 2 caused cytosolic retention of JNK3 and enhanced JNK3 phosphorylation stimulated by ASK1. Moreover, stimulation of the angiotensin II type 1A receptor activated JNK3 and triggered the colocalization of beta-arrestin 2 and active JNK3 to intracellular vesicles. Thus, beta-arrestin 2 acts as a scaffold protein, which brings the spatial distribution and activity of this MAPK module under the control of a GPCR.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McDonald, P H -- Chow, C W -- Miller, W E -- Laporte, S A -- Field, M E -- Lin, F T -- Davis, R J -- Lefkowitz, R J -- CA65861/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA85422/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL16037/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 24;290(5496):1574-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3821, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11090355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiotensin II/metabolism/pharmacology ; Animals ; Arrestins/genetics/*metabolism ; COS Cells ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytosol/enzymology/metabolism ; Endosomes/enzymology/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; *MAP Kinase Kinase 4 ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5 ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/*metabolism ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 10 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ; Receptors, Angiotensin/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    UAS Operating Environments and Demand (2018)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-10
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Aeronautics (General)
    Type: AFRC-E-DAA-TN53598 , 2018 FAA UAS Symposium; 6-8 Mar. 2018; Baltimore, MD; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    UAS Research - Who's Doing What? (2018)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This presentation includes the UAS-Enabled Market Categories used in Study, as well as the reason for the UAS-NAS NO Chase COA flight. It discusses the transitioning of a UA from different airspaces. UAS Integration is a community wide effort, and the FAA Symposium provides attendees with the opportunity to engage face-to-face with a cross-section of government and industry leaders and innovators about the latest industry developments, regulations, research, and other initiatives to safely integrate UAS into the National Airspace System (NAS).
    Keywords: Aeronautics (General)
    Type: AFRC-E-DAA-TN53416 , 2018 FAA UAS Symposium; Mar 06, 2018 - Mar 08, 2018; Baltimore, MD; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    LTN Inlets and Nozzles Branch Overview; NASA GE - Methods Development Review (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: LTNInlets and Nozzles Branch Overview to be presented to GE during method review meeting. Presentation outlines the capabilities, facilities and tools used by the LTN Branch to conduct its mission of developing design and analysis tools and technologies for inlets and nozzles used on advanced vehicle concepts ranging from subsonic to hypersonic speeds.
    Keywords: Aeronautics (General)
    Type: GRC-E-DAA-TN43195 , NASA/GE- Methods Development Review; Jun 01, 2017; Cleveland, OH; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Blockage Testing in the NASA Glenn 225 Square Centimeter Supersonic Wind Tunnel (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A feasibility study is in progress at NASA Glenn Research Center to implement a magnetic suspension and balance system in the 225 sq cm Supersonic Wind Tunnel for the purpose of testing the dynamic stability of blunt bodies. An important area of investigation in this study was determining the optimum size of the model and the iron spherical core inside of it. In order to minimize the required magnetic field and thus the size of the magnetic suspension system, it was determined that the test model should be as large as possible. Blockage tests were conducted to determine the largest possible model that would allow for tunnel start at Mach 2, 2.5, and 3. Three different forebody model geometries were tested at different Mach numbers, axial locations in the tunnel, and in both a square and axisymmetric test section. Experimental results showed that different model geometries produced more varied results at higher Mach Numbers. It was also shown that testing closer to the nozzle allowed larger models to start compared with testing near the end of the test section. Finally, allowable model blockage was larger in the axisymmetric test section compared with the square test section at the same Mach number. This testing answered key questions posed by the feasibility study and will be used in the future to dictate model size and performance required from the magnetic suspension system.
    Keywords: Aeronautics (General)
    Type: GRC-E-DAA-TN38534 , AIAA SciTech 2017; Jan 09, 2017 - Jan 13, 2017; Grapevine, TX; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Blockage Testing in the NASA Glenn 225 Square Centimeter Supersonic Wind Tunnel (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The starting characteristics for three different model geometries were tested in the Glenn Research Center 225 Square Centimeter Supersonic Wind Tunnel. The test models were tested at Mach 2, 2.5 and 3 in a square test section and at Mach 2.5 again in an asymmetric test section. The results gathered in this study will help size the test models and inform other design features for the eventual implementation of a magnetic suspension system.
    Keywords: Aeronautics (General)
    Type: GRC-E-DAA-TN38535 , SciTech 2017; Jan 09, 2017 - Jan 13, 2017; Grapevine, TX; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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