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  • Springer  (26)
  • American Chemical Society  (23)
  • International Union of Crystallography  (1)
  • Blackwell Science Ltd.
  • 1995-1999  (50)
  • 1999  (50)
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  • 1995-1999  (50)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 42 (1999), S. 611-618 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Alternating propene-carbon monoxide copolymers (P-CO) were melt-blended with polystyrene, poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN), and with poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (SMA). P-CO forms homogeneously miscible blends with SAN containing 25 wt% AN at the investigated blend compositions. The transparent blends have single, intermediate glass transition temperatures that fit the Fox equation. The elastic properties of P-CO at room temperature disappear upon blending with SAN because the T g is driven above RT. Polystyrene and SMA are not miscible with P-CO and form heterogeneous blends with two glass transitions. This demonstrates that both the polarity of the styrenic copolymer and the nature of the comonomer govern its phase behavior.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 68.55.-a
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Fe/Al multilayers are prepared by crossed-beam pulsed laser deposition and investigated by Rutherford backscattering, conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results are compared to purely ballistic simulations of the deposition process using the TRIDYN4.0 code. It is found that the intermixing of adjacent layers must be described in terms of ballistic mixing followed by chemical mixing. The phase formation in the transition layer between adjacent layers follows the non-equilibrium behavior of Fe/Al in analogy to investigations on mechanically alloyed and ion-beam-mixed Fe/Al. In Fe-rich areas a bcc solid solution is formed. In Al-rich environment an amorphous phase is observed.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 68.55; 07.85; 61.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 17 (1999), S. 437-437 
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Standort 23 (1999), S. 28-37 
    ISSN: 1432-220X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Einführung Umweltprobleme sind komplex und betreffen lokal und global nicht nur die intensiv genutzten Kulturlandschaften der Erde. Die wachsende Umweltverschmutzung, der steigende Flächenverbrauch und damit verbunden die Schädigung und der Verlust von Böden und der biologischen Vielfalt beeinflussen direkt bzw. indirekt die Qualität des menschlichen Lebensraumes Klötzli 1989, Zölitz-Möller et. al. 1997b. Herzog 1998). Das Postulat der Nachhaltigkeit beschreibt genau diesen Bereich als untrennbare Einheit von Ökologie, Ökonomie und sozialer Sicherheit. In Abbildung – ist der wesentliche Kern des Leitbildes der nachhaltigen Entwicklung (sustainable development) dargestellt (BMU 1997, BUND/Miserior 1997). Nachhaltigkeit führt die oben genannten drei Säulen zusammen und verfolgt damit das Ziel, die ökonomischen und sozialen Lebensbedingungen zu verbessern und mit der langfristigen Sicherung der natürlichen Lebensgrundlagen in Einklang zu bringen. Angestrebt wird ein Fließgleichgewicht zwischen diesen drei Sälen, das symbolisch den Schwerpunkt des Zieldreiecks markiert. In der Literatur werden für Nachhaltigkeit häufig Synonyme genannt, wie zukunftsfähige Entwicklung, Zukunftsfähigkeit, dauerhaft umweltverträglich, umwelt– wirtschafts– und sozialverträglich oder allgemein Beständigkeit, die situationsabhängig genutzt werden. Alle haben jedoch ihren Ursprung vom Nachhaltigkeitsbegriff der Forstwirtschaft (Haber 1997, BMBF 1998). Den Weg zur Nachhaltigkeit muß dabei jede Gesellschaft für sich definieren, bzw. er wird durch die Politik vorgegeben. Als “Managementregeln der Nachhaltigkeit” für ein umweltgerechtes Leben und Wirtschaften zählen (BMU 1997): • Die Nutzung erneuerbarer Naturgüter (z.B. Wälder oder Fischbestände) darf auf Dauer nicht größer sein als ihre Regenerationsrate. • Die Nutzung nichterneuerbarer Naturgüter (z.B. Böden, landwirtschaftliche Nutzfläche) darf auf Dauer nicht größer sein als die Substitution ihrer Funktionen. • Die Freisetzung von Stoffen und Energie darf auf Dauer nicht größer sein als die Anpassungsfähigkeit der natürlichen Umwelt. Zielrichtung ist also ein Fließgleichgewicht zwischen schädlichen Emissionen, der Anpassungszeit von Ökosystemen und daraus resultierend ihrer Empfindlicheit gegenüber externen Störungen. Die Anwendung dieser Regeln ist besonders in umsetzungswirksamen Bereichen zu fördern. Dazu zählten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland die Landschaftsplanung als ein Teilbereich des Systems der Raumplanung, die für die flächenbezogene Planung, für den Schutz und die Entwicklung der Landschaft als räumliches Ökosystemgefüge verantwortlich ist.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 1061-1067 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Native American maize ; RAPD ; Genetic relationships ; Reproducibility ; Geography and evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Genetic variation among 15 accessions of Native American maize from the Great Plains was investigated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). RAPDs revealed very high levels of polymorphism among accessions. Banding patterns ranged in percentage polymorphism from 46.7% to 86.2% with an overall mean of 70.7% for the primers analyzed. The construction of genetic relationships using cluster analysis and principal coordinates analysis revealed that RAPDs are successful in confirming hypothesized relationships and in identifying misclassified specimens. Furthermore, the phenogram fails to reveal a strong correspondence between genetic relationships and the geographical position of Native Americans prior to contact. This provides support for the hypothesis that multiple introductions of maize into the Great Plains via trade may have resulted in the great morphological variation found among accessions in the region. Based on these data, it is unlikely that a separate Great Plains race of maize can be distinguished. In general, we conclude that RAPDs are potentially very useful in organizing seed collections and understanding intraspecific genetic differentiation.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS: 14.20.Dh Properties of specific particles: Protons and neutrons – 24.70.+s Nuclear reactions: Polarization phenomena in reactions – 13.40.Gp Specific reactions and phenomenology: Electromagnetic form factors – 25.10.+s Nuclear reactions involving few–nucleon systems – 25.30.Fj Nuclear reactions: Inelastic electron scattering to continuum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The electric form factor of the neutron GEn has been determined in double polarized exclusive 3 He(e,e'n) scattering in quasi–elastic kinematics by measuring asymmetries A ⊥, A ∥ of the cross section with respect to helicity reversal of the electron, with the nuclear spin being oriented perpendicular to the momentum transfer q in case of A⊥ and parallel in case of A∥. The experiment was performed at the 855 MeV c. w. microtron MAMI at Mainz. The degree of polarization of the electron beam and of the gaseous 3 He target were each about 50%. Scattered electrons and neutrons were detected in coincidence by detector arrays covering large solid angles. Quasi–elastic scattering events were reconstructed from the measured electron scattering angles ϑe, φe and the neutron momentum vector p n ′ in the plane wave impulse approximation. We obtain the result 〈G En〉(0.27 〈 Q2c2/GeV2 〈 0.5)= 0.0334 ± 0.0033stat± 0.0028syst which is averaged over the indicated range of Q 2, the squared momentum transfer. This G En value is significantly smaller than measured from the D(e,e'n) reaction under similar kinematical conditions. To what extent final state interactions in 3He quench the G En result is subject of calculations currently in progress elsewhere.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 20 (1999), S. 533-542 
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A novel distributed window for output radiation from a high power 110 GHz gyrotron is made of thin slats of sapphire interleaved and brazed to hollow metal vanes. We report the results of electromagnetic theory and cold test of this distributed window. We calculate the frequency dependence of the reflectivity of a Gaussian beam from the window. The theory indicates a significant frequency shift of the minimum reflectivity with temperature rise of the sapphire slab. This effect is of great importance for high power operation. In cold test, the distributed window reflectivity was measured while the window was heated. The cold test results are in good agreement with the theory.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: PACS. 36.40.-c Atomic and molecular clusters - 82.50.-m Photochemistry and radiation chemistry - 78.55.-m Photoluminescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Charge-transfer reactions are observed in a photoluminescence study of -doped free krypton clusters. They show up in emissions from free excimers ejected from the clusters, and from excited and 1) solvated in the clusters. The results show that reaction dynamics in clusters differs considerably from that in the gas and solid phases.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: PACS: 36.40.Qv Stability and fragmentation of clusters – 36.40.Wa Charged clusters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Medium size Kr and Ar clusters 〈N〉∼200-400 were used to pick up and aggregate CsI molecules. By varying the number of pick-up events it was possible to change the size of the guest cluster and the thickness of the rare gas coverage around the alkali halide cluster. “Soft” single (multiple) ionisation of the alkali halide core was achieved via charge transfer from the primary ionised rare gas shell. It turns out that the rare gas shell controls the vibrational relaxation of CsI cluster ions. Due to cooling by the rare gas shell shallow metastable states of multiply charged CsI clusters can be populated and detected. Clusters as small as Cs5I3 2+, Cs6I5 2+, Cs13I13 3+ and Cs17I14 3+ could be observed for the first time. The abundance of these multiply charged clusters steeply decreases if the thickness of rare gas shell shrinks.
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