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  • 1
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 108 (1998), S. 3431-3444 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We propose a semiclassical wave packet propagation method relying on classical trajectories in a complex phase space. It is based on the Schrödinger wave equation and the usual expansion with respect to (h-dash-bar), except that the amplitude of the wave packet is taken into account at the very zeroth order, unlike in the usual WKB method where it is treated as a corrective or first order term. Formally, it amounts to making both the wavelength and the width of the wave packet tend to zero with (h-dash-bar). The action and consequently the classical trajectories derived are complex. This method is tested successfully in many cases, analytically or numerically, including the bounce and even the splitting of the wave packet. Our method appears to be much more accurate than the WKB method while less computationally demanding than the Van-Vleck formula. Moreover, it has a particularly interesting property: the singularities (caustics) of the usual semiclassical theories do not appear in this formalism in all cases tested. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The high current, high charge-state ion beam which can be extracted from a laser produced plasma is well suited, after initial acceleration, for injection into synchrotrons. At CERN, the production of a heavy ion beam using a CO2 laser ion source is studied. The latest results of experiments with a tantalum ion beam with charge states up to 23+ and accelerated by a radio frequency quadrupole from 6.9 to 100 keV/u, are presented along with simulations of the low energy beam transport. The ion yield at the desired charge state, the pulse to pulse stability of the ion beam, and the system reliability are all of major interest. Work is under way to replace the low repetition rate free-running laser oscillator by a master oscillator and power amplifier system. The master oscillator is operational and the first results of measurements of its beam quality and stability are presented. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 249-251 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a method to study separately the electrical transport properties of the grain boundaries (GBs) formed at the top and at the bottom edges of YBa2Cu3O7−δ(YBCO) step-edge Josephson junctions. The step-edge junctions were fabricated on (100) LaAlO3 steps using tilted Ar ion milling to define the electrodes and the microbridges. Due to the shadowing effect of the step, a continuous YBCO stripe remains along and at the bottom of the step on both sides of a microbridge. We found that the top GB is responsible for the weak link behavior of our step-edge junctions. The transport properties were correlated with the different microstructural properties of the two GBs formed at the edges of the step. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Muscle contraction is driven by a change in shape of the myosin head region that links the actin and myosin filaments,. Tilting of the light-chain domain of the head with respect to its actin-bound catalytic domain is thought to be coupled to the ATPase cycle. Here, using X-ray diffraction and ...
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Structural optimization 16 (1998), S. 147-154 
    ISSN: 0934-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Truss structures are optimized with respect to minimum weight with constraints on the value of some displacement and on the member stresses. The truss is considered made of an uncertain material, i.e. the value of the material constants are not known in a deterministic way, and each member may then exhibit a different value of stiffness, within a limited range of variation. The optimization must be done so that optimal solutions remain feasible for each value that the material constants may take for the considered uncertainty. In the present work a nonprobabilistic approach to uncertainty is used, and a variation of the material moduli with a, probabilistically speaking, uniform distribution over a convex and linearly bounded domain is considered. The two-step method is used to include the uncertainty within the optimization, where a diagonal quadratic approximation is used for the objective function and the constraints. Solutions for some of the most classical truss examples are found and compared with those obtained using nominal values of material constants.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1327
    Keywords: Key words Hemoprotein models ; Iron-porphyrin peptides ; Epr ; Resonance raman ; Styrene catalytic epoxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  The coordination state of Fe(III)- and Fe(II)-mimochrome I, a covalent peptide-deuteroheme sandwich involving two nonapeptides bearing a histidine residue in a central position, was studied by UV-visible, EPR, and resonance Raman spectroscopy. The ferric and ferrous states of this new iron species mainly exist, at pH 7, in a low-spin hexacoordinate form with two axial histidine ligands coming from the peptide chains. A minor amount of high-spin form for the ferric state is also present at pH 7. However, it is mainly high-spin at pH 2 or in DMSO. Fe(II)-mimochrome I binds CO with an affinity comparable to that of myoglobin and hemoglobin. Fe(III)-mimochrome I reacts with alkylhydroxylamine and arylhydrazines, leading to the corresponding Fe(II)-nitrosoalkyl and Fe(III)-σ-aryl complexes, respectively. These reactions were greatly dependent on the solvent used and on the pH, and were much slower than the corresponding reactions performed by deuterohemin in the presence of excess imidazole. All these results indicate that the reactivity of iron-mimochrome I is controlled by the binding of the peptide chains to the iron. The reactivity shown by this complex at neutral pH is intermediate between that observed for iron porphyrins in the presence of excess imidazole and that of hemoproteins characterized by a strong bis-histidine axial coordination, such as cytochrome b 5. Fe(III)-mimochrome I is able to catalyze styrene epoxidation by using a [Fe(III)-mimochrome I]/[H2O2]/[stryrene] ratio of 1 : 10 : 2000 in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.2) containing 2% CTAB both under strictly anaerobic conditions and in the presence of oxygen, at 0  °C.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1075-2617
    Keywords: Cα,α-disubstituted amino acids ; crystal structure ; molecular dynamics ; conformation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crystal structures of three fully protected tripeptides containing the Dφg residue (Cα,α-diphenylglycine) in the central position are reported, namely Z-Gly-Dφg-Gly-OMe (a), Z-Gly-Dφg-Aib-OMe (b) and Z-Aib-Dφg-Aib-OMe (c). The molecular conformations are quite unusual because the Dφg residue adopts a folded conformation in the 310-helical region when the following residue adopts a folded conformation of opposite handedness (peptidesbandc). In contrast, the Dφg residue adopts the more frequently observed fully extended conformation when the following residue adopts a semi-extended conformation (peptidea). These findings are in agreement with the theoretical calculations on Ac-Dφg-Aib-NHCH3 and Ac-Aib-Dφg-NHCH3 also reported in this work. © 1998 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1075-2617
    Keywords: large-scale peptide synthesis ; continuous flow ; macrosorb ; hindered sequence ; thrombin inhibitor ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A preparative method for the preparation of large peptides is described. An advantageous theoretical weight of peptide/weight of starting resin ratio (tPw/Rw) of about 0.3 was successfully experimented. The esterification of the first amino acid was realized with a racemization of less than 1%. The study of the coupling conditions led to the use of a diluted acylating mixture that allowed a 56% consumption of the amino acid derivatives (percentage use of amino acids) introduced in the synthesis. The cost analysis of the synthesis showed that the recovery of the amino acid derivatives was not worthwhile. © 1998 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: spinal cord ischemia ; reperfusion ; paraplegia ; rabbit ; free radicals ; super oxide radical ; electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy ; super oxide dismutase ; conjugated dienes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. In nonanesthetized rabbits temporal occlusion of the abdominal aorta was used to induce oxidative stress in the lower part of the body including distal segments of the spinal cord. 2. Spinal cord samples were taken from the animals exposed to 25-min aortic occlusion (AO ) or to occlusion followed by 1- or 2-hr reperfusion (AO/R1 or AO/R2, respectively) or from sham-operated animals (C). The presence of free radicals (FR) in the spinal cord samples frozen in liquid N2 was assessed by ESR spectroscopy without spin trapping. Moreover, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and conjugated diene (CD) levels were measured in the samples. 3. In the AO group FR were detected in the spinal cord regions close to the occlusion (lower thoracic and distal segments) along with a decrease in SOD activity. The calculated g value (g = 2.0291) indicated that the paramagnetic signal recorded might be attributed to superoxide radicals. FR were absent in the AO/R1 group. Concurrently, the SOD activity revealed a significant tendency to return to the control level. FR appeared again in the AO/R2 group, mostly in the upper and middle lumbar regions, along with a decrease in SOD activity. No sample from the C group revealed FR. A significant increase in CD levels was observed in the thoracolumbar region only in the AO/R2 group. The temporary absence of FR in the AO/R1 group suggests activation of defense antioxidant mechanisms (e.g., specific enzymatic systems such as SOD), which might have been exhausted later. 4. Changes in SOD activity similar to those observed in the thoracolumbar region, though less noticeable, occurred in the obviously noncompromised tissue (upper cervical region). This points to a kind of generalized reponse of the animal to aortic occlusion. 5. Direct ESR spectroscopy revealed the presence of FR as well as their time course in the spinal cord during the early phase of ischemia/reperfusion injury and the inverse relationship between FR and SOD activity.
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