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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1998-08-07
    Description: Clathrin-mediated endocytosis involves cycles of assembly and disassembly of clathrin coat components and their accessory proteins. Dephosphorylation of rat brain extract was shown to promote the assembly of dynamin 1, synaptojanin 1, and amphiphysin into complexes that also included clathrin and AP-2. Phosphorylation of dynamin 1 and synaptojanin 1 inhibited their binding to amphiphysin, whereas phosphorylation of amphiphysin inhibited its binding to AP-2 and clathrin. Thus, phosphorylation regulates the association and dissociation cycle of the clathrin-based endocytic machinery, and calcium-dependent dephosphorylation of endocytic proteins could prepare nerve terminals for a burst of endocytosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slepnev, V I -- Ochoa, G C -- Butler, M H -- Grabs, D -- De Camilli, P -- CA46128/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS36251/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 7;281(5378):821-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9694653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Protein Complex alpha Subunits ; Adaptor Protein Complex beta Subunits ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Carbazoles/pharmacology ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Clathrin/*metabolism ; Cyclosporine/pharmacology ; Dimerization ; Dynamin I ; Dynamins ; *Endocytosis ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; Indole Alkaloids ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; src Homology Domains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1998-04-16
    Description: FADD (also known as Mort-1) is a signal transducer downstream of cell death receptor CD95 (also called Fas). CD95, tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (TNFR-1), and death receptor 3 (DR3) did not induce apoptosis in FADD-deficient embryonic fibroblasts, whereas DR4, oncogenes E1A and c-myc, and chemotherapeutic agent adriamycin did. Mice with a deletion in the FADD gene did not survive beyond day 11.5 of embryogenesis; these mice showed signs of cardiac failure and abdominal hemorrhage. Chimeric embryos showing a high contribution of FADD null mutant cells to the heart reproduce the phenotype of FADD-deficient mutants. Thus, not only death receptors, but also receptors that couple to developmental programs, may use FADD for signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yeh, W C -- de la Pompa, J L -- McCurrach, M E -- Shu, H B -- Elia, A J -- Shahinian, A -- Ng, M -- Wakeham, A -- Khoo, W -- Mitchell, K -- El-Deiry, W S -- Lowe, S W -- Goeddel, D V -- Mak, T W -- CA13106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 20;279(5358):1954-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Amgen Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9506948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antigens, CD95/genetics/physiology ; *Apoptosis ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Doxorubicin/pharmacology ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Endothelium, Vascular/embryology ; Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Targeting ; Heart/*embryology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; Oncogenes ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1998-06-20
    Description: An efficient system for genetic modification and large-scale cloning of cattle is of importance for agriculture, biotechnology, and human medicine. Here, actively dividing fetal fibroblasts were genetically modified with a marker gene, a clonal line was selected, and the cells were fused to enucleated mature oocytes. Out of 28 embryos transferred to 11 recipient cows, three healthy, identical, transgenic calves were generated. Furthermore, the life-span of near senescent fibroblasts could be extended by nuclear transfer, as indicated by population doublings in fibroblast lines derived from a 40-day-old fetal clone. With the ability to extend the life-span of these primary cultured cells, this system would be useful for inducing complex genetic modifications in cattle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cibelli, J B -- Stice, S L -- Golueke, P J -- Kane, J J -- Jerry, J -- Blackwell, C -- Ponce de Leon, F A -- Robl, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 22;280(5367):1256-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9596577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Genetically Modified ; Blastocyst ; Cattle/embryology/*genetics ; Cell Aging ; Cell Division ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells ; *Cloning, Organism ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fetus/cytology ; Fibroblasts/*cytology ; G1 Phase ; Male ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes/cytology ; Transfection ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-11-20
    Description: Tankyrase, a protein with homology to ankyrins and to the catalytic domain of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP), was identified and localized to human telomeres. Tankyrase binds to the telomeric protein TRF1 (telomeric repeat binding factor-1), a negative regulator of telomere length maintenance. Like ankyrins, tankyrase contains 24 ankyrin repeats in a domain responsible for its interaction with TRF1. Recombinant tankyrase was found to have PARP activity in vitro, with both TRF1 and tankyrase functioning as acceptors for adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation. ADP-ribosylation of TRF1 diminished its ability to bind to telomeric DNA in vitro, suggesting that telomere function in human cells is regulated by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, S -- Giriat, I -- Schmitt, A -- de Lange, T -- CA76027/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM49046/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 20;282(5393):1484-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9822378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Ankyrins/chemistry ; Benzamides/pharmacology ; Catalytic Domain ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis/*metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NAD/metabolism ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; *Tankyrases ; Telomere/chemistry/*enzymology ; Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 1
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: Mouse CD1d1, a member of the CD1 family of evolutionarily conserved major histocompatibility antigen-like molecules, controls the differentiation and function of a T lymphocyte subset, NK1+ natural T cells, proposed to regulate immune responses. The CD1d1 crystal structure revealed a large hydrophobic binding site occupied by a ligand of unknown chemical nature. Mass spectrometry and metabolic radiolabeling were used to identify cellular glycosylphosphatidylinositol as a major natural ligand of CD1d1. CD1d1 bound glycosylphosphatidylinositol through its phosphatidylinositol aspect with high affinity. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol or another glycolipid could be a candidate natural ligand for CD1d1-restricted T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joyce, S -- Woods, A S -- Yewdell, J W -- Bennink, J R -- De Silva, A D -- Boesteanu, A -- Balk, S P -- Cotter, R J -- Brutkiewicz, R R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 6;279(5356):1541-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA. sjoyce@bcmic.hmc.psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9488653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD1/chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Mass Spectrometry ; Mice ; Solubility ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: Growth and repair of skeletal muscle are normally mediated by the satellite cells that surround muscle fibers. In regenerating muscle, however, the number of myogenic precursors exceeds that of resident satellite cells, implying migration or recruitment of undifferentiated progenitors from other sources. Transplantation of genetically marked bone marrow into immunodeficient mice revealed that marrow-derived cells migrate into areas of induced muscle degeneration, undergo myogenic differentiation, and participate in the regeneration of the damaged fibers. Genetically modified, marrow-derived myogenic progenitors could potentially be used to target therapeutic genes to muscle tissue, providing an alternative strategy for treatment of muscular dystrophies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferrari, G -- Cusella-De Angelis, G -- Coletta, M -- Paolucci, E -- Stornaiuolo, A -- Cossu, G -- Mavilio, F -- A.067/Telethon/Italy -- TGT06S01/Telethon/Italy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 6;279(5356):1528-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉H. San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), 20132 Milan, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9488650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/cytology ; Muscle, Skeletal/*cytology/*physiology ; Muscular Dystrophies/therapy ; *Regeneration ; Stem Cells/*physiology ; Stromal Cells/cytology/physiology ; beta-Galactosidase/analysis/genetics
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1998-10-17
    Description: CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are critical for protection against intracellular pathogens but often have been difficult to induce by subunit vaccines in animals. DNA vaccines elicit protective CD8+ T cell responses. Malaria-naive volunteers who were vaccinated with plasmid DNA encoding a malaria protein developed antigen-specific, genetically restricted, CD8+ T cell-dependent CTLs. Responses were directed against all 10 peptides tested and were restricted by six human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles. This first demonstration in healthy naive humans of the induction of CD8+ CTLs by DNA vaccines, including CTLs that were restricted by multiple HLA alleles in the same individual, provides a foundation for further human testing of this potentially revolutionary vaccine technology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, R -- Doolan, D L -- Le, T P -- Hedstrom, R C -- Coonan, K M -- Charoenvit, Y -- Jones, T R -- Hobart, P -- Margalith, M -- Ng, J -- Weiss, W R -- Sedegah, M -- de Taisne, C -- Norman, J A -- Hoffman, S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 16;282(5388):476-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Malaria Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20889-5607, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9774275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Antigens, Protozoan/genetics/immunology ; Female ; Genes, MHC Class I ; HLA Antigens/genetics ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Malaria Vaccines/genetics/*immunology ; Male ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics/*immunology ; Protozoan Proteins/*genetics/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, DNA/*immunology
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1998-06-20
    Description: The apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is an essential structure for vertebrate limb development. Wnt3a is expressed during the induction of the chick AER, and misexpression of Wnt3a induces ectopic expression of AER-specific genes in the limb ectoderm. The genes beta-catenin and Lef1 can mimic the effect of Wnt3a, and blocking the intrinsic Lef1 activity disrupts AER formation. Hence, Wnt3a functions in AER formation through the beta-catenin/LEF1 pathway. In contrast, neither beta-catenin nor Lef1 affects the Wnt7a-regulated dorsoventral polarity of the limb. Thus, two related Wnt genes elicit distinct responses in the same tissues by using different intracellular pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kengaku, M -- Capdevila, J -- Rodriguez-Esteban, C -- De La Pena, J -- Johnson, R L -- Izpisua Belmonte, J C -- Tabin, C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 22;280(5367):1274-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9596583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Avian Proteins ; Base Sequence ; *Body Patterning ; Chick Embryo ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Ectoderm/*metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 4 ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/biosynthesis/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Glucosyltransferases ; Growth Substances/biosynthesis/genetics ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Limb Buds/embryology/*metabolism ; Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1 ; Mesoderm/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morphogenesis ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; *Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; Wnt Proteins ; Wnt3 Protein ; Wnt3A Protein ; beta Catenin
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Lange, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 16;279(5349):334-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. delange@rockvax.rockefeller.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9454329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; *Cell Aging ; *Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Enzyme Activation ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasms/drug therapy/enzymology/pathology ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Rna ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/genetics/metabolism ; Telomerase/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Telomere/metabolism/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-01-31
    Description: The transduction of many cellular stimuli results in oscillations in the intracellular concentration of calcium ions (Ca2+). Although information is thought to be encoded in the frequency of such oscillations, no frequency decoder has been identified. Rapid superfusion of immobilized Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) in vitro showed that the enzyme can decode the frequency of Ca2+ spikes into distinct amounts of kinase activity. The frequency response of CaM kinase II was modulated by several factors, including the amplitude and duration of individual spikes as well as the subunit composition and previous state of activation of the kinase. These features should provide specificity in the activation of this multifunctional enzyme by distinct cellular stimuli and may underlie its pivotal role in activity-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Koninck, P -- Schulman, H -- GM30179/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM40600/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 9;279(5348):227-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5401, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9422695" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; COS Cells ; Calcium/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Calmodulin/metabolism/pharmacology ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzymes, Immobilized ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphothreonine/metabolism ; Polyvinyl Chloride ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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