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  • 2015-2019
  • 1995-1999  (46)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1998  (46)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1998-06-20
    Description: Usher syndrome type IIa (OMIM 276901), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss and progressive retinitis pigmentosa, maps to the long arm of human chromosome 1q41 between markers AFM268ZD1 and AFM144XF2. Three biologically important mutations in Usher syndrome type IIa patients were identified in a gene (USH2A) isolated from this critical region. The USH2A gene encodes a protein with a predicted size of 171.5 kilodaltons that has laminin epidermal growth factor and fibronectin type III motifs; these motifs are most commonly observed in proteins comprising components of the basal lamina and extracellular matrixes and in cell adhesion molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eudy, J D -- Weston, M D -- Yao, S -- Hoover, D M -- Rehm, H L -- Ma-Edmonds, M -- Yan, D -- Ahmad, I -- Cheng, J J -- Ayuso, C -- Cremers, C -- Davenport, S -- Moller, C -- Talmadge, C B -- Beisel, K W -- Tamayo, M -- Morton, C C -- Swaroop, A -- Kimberling, W J -- Sumegi, J -- 5PO1 DC01813-05/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- DC03402/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- EY07003/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 12;280(5370):1753-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9624053" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/chemistry ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; Cochlea/chemistry ; Epidermal Growth Factor/chemistry ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Female ; Fibronectins/chemistry ; Frameshift Mutation ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Recessive ; Glycosylation ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/*genetics ; Humans ; Laminin/chemistry ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Retina/chemistry ; Retinitis Pigmentosa/*genetics ; Syndrome ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1998-08-07
    Description: Dopaminergic neurons exert a major modulatory effect on the forebrain. Dopamine and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein (32 kilodaltons) (DARPP-32), which is enriched in all neurons that receive a dopaminergic input, is converted in response to dopamine into a potent protein phosphatase inhibitor. Mice generated to contain a targeted disruption of the DARPP-32 gene showed profound deficits in their molecular, electrophysiological, and behavioral responses to dopamine, drugs of abuse, and antipsychotic medication. The results show that DARPP-32 plays a central role in regulating the efficacy of dopaminergic neurotransmission.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fienberg, A A -- Hiroi, N -- Mermelstein, P G -- Song, W -- Snyder, G L -- Nishi, A -- Cheramy, A -- O'Callaghan, J P -- Miller, D B -- Cole, D G -- Corbett, R -- Haile, C N -- Cooper, D C -- Onn, S P -- Grace, A A -- Ouimet, C C -- White, F J -- Hyman, S E -- Surmeier, D J -- Girault, J -- Nestler, E J -- Greengard, P -- DA 08227/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA10044/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- F31 DA005794/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH40899/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 7;281(5378):838-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9694658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amphetamines/pharmacology ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cocaine/pharmacology ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Dopamine/pharmacology/*physiology ; Dopamine Agents/pharmacology ; Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32 ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Targeting ; Genes, fos ; Glutamic Acid/pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism ; *Phosphoproteins ; Phosphorylation ; Raclopride ; Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Salicylamides/pharmacology ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism ; *Synaptic Transmission ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1998-06-06
    Description: Detection of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) on only one or a few occasions in infants born to infected mothers has been interpreted to indicate that infection may be transient rather than persistent. Forty-two cases of suspected transient HIV-1 viremia among 1562 perinatally exposed seroreverting infants and one mother were reanalyzed. HIV-1 env sequences were not found in specimens from 20; in specimens from 6, somatic genetic analysis revealed that specimens were mistakenly attributed to an infant; and in specimens from 17, phylogenetic analysis failed to demonstrate the expected linkage between the infant's and the mother's virus. These findings argue that transient HIV-1 infection, if it exists, will only rarely be satisfactorily documented.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frenkel, L M -- Mullins, J I -- Learn, G H -- Manns-Arcuino, L -- Herring, B L -- Kalish, M L -- Steketee, R W -- Thea, D M -- Nichols, J E -- Liu, S L -- Harmache, A -- He, X -- Muthui, D -- Madan, A -- Hood, L -- Haase, A T -- Zupancic, M -- Staskus, K -- Wolinsky, S -- Krogstad, P -- Zhao, J -- Chen, I -- Koup, R -- Ho, D -- Korber, B -- Apple, R J -- Coombs, R W -- Pahwa, S -- Roberts, N J Jr -- AI27757/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI32910/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UO1-27658/PHS HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 15;280(5366):1073-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. lfrenkel@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9582120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA, Viral/analysis/genetics ; Diagnostic Errors ; Equipment Contamination ; Female ; Genes, env ; HIV Infections/immunology/transmission/*virology ; HIV-1/*genetics/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; *Specimen Handling ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; Viremia/virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Solid phase extraction ; Brazilian sugar cane spirit ; Lower fatty acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A gas chromatographic method for the analysis of seventeen acids in a water/ethanol matrix is described. The diluted samples were first concentrated by solid phase extraction. Nonanoic acid was the internal standard. A good separation profile was obtained for all compounds, including the isomers: n and iso-butyric acids, n and isovaleric acids and n and iso-caproic acids. The method is fast, sensitive (20–30 μg L−1) and has a good reproducibility (4–7 %). The recovery was in the range of 94%–116% for the medium chain acids (C7-C16). This method allowed the identification of fourteen acids in caninhas and other spirits. The total acid content and the profile of the exportation type caninhas are similar to the ones obtained for several international beverages.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Enantiomeric separation ; Chiral derivatization ; Unusual secondary aromatic amino acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary High-performance liquid chromatographic and gas chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of unusual secondary aromatic amino acids. Amino acids containing 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronorharmane-1-carboxylic acid and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-carboxy-2-carboline moieties were synthetized in racemic or chiral forms. The high-performance liquid chromatography was carried out either on a teicoplanin-containing chiral stationary phase or on an achiral C18 column. In the latter case the diastereomers of the amino acids formed by precolumn derivatization with the chiral reagents 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate or 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl-5-L-alanine amide were separated. The gas chromatographic analyses were based on separation on a Chirasil-L-Val column.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1998-09-22
    Description: Fertilin, a member of the ADAM family, is found on the plasma membrane of mammalian sperm. Sperm from mice lacking fertilin beta were shown to be deficient in sperm-egg membrane adhesion, sperm-egg fusion, migration from the uterus into the oviduct, and binding to the egg zona pellucida. Egg activation was unaffected. The results are consistent with a direct role of fertilin in sperm-egg plasma membrane interaction. Fertilin could also have a direct role in sperm-zona binding or oviduct migration; alternatively, the effects on these functions could result from the absence of fertilin activity during spermatogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho, C -- Bunch, D O -- Faure, J E -- Goulding, E H -- Eddy, E M -- Primakoff, P -- Myles, D G -- HD16580/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U54HD29125/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 18;281(5384):1857-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9743500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADAM Proteins ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Male ; Membrane Fusion ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Metalloendopeptidases/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Ovum/physiology ; Sperm Capacitation ; *Sperm-Ovum Interactions ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatozoa/chemistry/*physiology ; Zona Pellucida/physiology
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1998-09-11
    Description: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited form of heart disease that affects 1 in 500 individuals. Here it is shown that calcineurin, a calcium-regulated phosphatase, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of HCM. Administration of the calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporin and FK506 prevented disease in mice that were genetically predisposed to develop HCM as a result of aberrant expression of tropomodulin, myosin light chain-2, or fetal beta-tropomyosin in the heart. Cyclosporin had a similar effect in a rat model of pressure-overload hypertrophy. These results suggest that calcineurin inhibitors merit investigation as potential therapeutics for certain forms of human heart disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sussman, M A -- Lim, H W -- Gude, N -- Taigen, T -- Olson, E N -- Robbins, J -- Colbert, M C -- Gualberto, A -- Wieczorek, D F -- Molkentin, J D -- HL58224-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1690-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9733519" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcineurin/metabolism ; *Calcineurin Inhibitors ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Cardiac Myosins ; Cardiomegaly/metabolism/pathology/*prevention & control ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology/*prevention & control ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics/metabolism/pathology/*prevention & control ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Cyclosporine/*pharmacology ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Microfilament Proteins ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Myocardium/*metabolism/pathology ; Myosin Light Chains/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Tacrolimus/*pharmacology ; Tropomodulin ; Tropomyosin/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1998-06-20
    Description: In humans, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) receptor deficiency leads to a predisposition to mycobacterial infections and impairs the formation of mature granulomas. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) receptor deficiency was found in otherwise healthy individuals with mycobacterial infections. Mature granulomas were seen, surrounded by T cells and centered with epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells, yet reduced IFN-gamma concentrations were found to be secreted by activated natural killer and T cells. Thus, IL-12-dependent IFN-gamma secretion in humans seems essential in the control of mycobacterial infections, despite the formation of mature granulomas due to IL-12-independent IFN-gamma secretion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altare, F -- Durandy, A -- Lammas, D -- Emile, J F -- Lamhamedi, S -- Le Deist, F -- Drysdale, P -- Jouanguy, E -- Doffinger, R -- Bernaudin, F -- Jeppsson, O -- Gollob, J A -- Meinl, E -- Segal, A W -- Fischer, A -- Kumararatne, D -- Casanova, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 29;280(5368):1432-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM U429, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris 75015, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9603732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Female ; Granuloma/immunology ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis/immunology/secretion ; Interleukin-12/*immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection/*immunology ; *Mycobacterium bovis ; Pedigree ; Receptors, Interferon/genetics/immunology ; Receptors, Interleukin/deficiency/*genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-12 ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Tuberculosis/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1998-09-11
    Description: The localization of substance P in brain regions that coordinate stress responses and receive convergent monoaminergic innervation suggested that substance P antagonists might have psychotherapeutic properties. Like clinically used antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs, substance P antagonists suppressed isolation-induced vocalizations in guinea pigs. In a placebo-controlled trial in patients with moderate to severe major depression, robust antidepressant effects of the substance P antagonist MK-869 were consistently observed. In preclinical studies, substance P antagonists did not interact with monoamine systems in the manner seen with established antidepressant drugs. These findings suggest that substance P may play an important role in psychiatric disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kramer, M S -- Cutler, N -- Feighner, J -- Shrivastava, R -- Carman, J -- Sramek, J J -- Reines, S A -- Liu, G -- Snavely, D -- Wyatt-Knowles, E -- Hale, J J -- Mills, S G -- MacCoss, M -- Swain, C J -- Harrison, T -- Hill, R G -- Hefti, F -- Scolnick, E M -- Cascieri, M A -- Chicchi, G G -- Sadowski, S -- Williams, A R -- Hewson, L -- Smith, D -- Carlson, E J -- Hargreaves, R J -- Rupniak, N M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1640-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19456, USA. Mark_Kramer@merck.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9733503" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Amygdala/drug effects/metabolism ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/adverse ; effects/metabolism/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/metabolism ; Depressive Disorder/*drug therapy/etiology/metabolism ; Female ; Gerbillinae ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Morpholines/adverse effects/metabolism/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; *Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ; Norepinephrine/physiology ; Paroxetine/therapeutic use ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1/metabolism ; Serotonin/physiology ; Stress, Psychological/drug therapy ; Substance P/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Vocalization, Animal/drug effects
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1998-12-16
    Description: The c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway has been implicated in the immune response that is mediated by the activation and differentiation of CD4 helper T (TH) cells into TH1 and TH2 effector cells. JNK activity observed in wild-type activated TH cells was severely reduced in TH cells from Jnk1-/- mice. The Jnk1-/- T cells hyperproliferated, exhibited decreased activation-induced cell death, and preferentially differentiated to TH2 cells. The enhanced production of TH2 cytokines by Jnk1-/- cells was associated with increased nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor NFATc. Thus, the JNK1 signaling pathway plays a key role in T cell receptor-initiated TH cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dong, C -- Yang, D D -- Wysk, M -- Whitmarsh, A J -- Davis, R J -- Flavell, R A -- CA65861/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA72009/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):2092-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9851932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Hemocyanin/immunology ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis ; Interleukins/biosynthesis ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology/*immunology/metabolism ; Th1 Cells/cytology/immunology ; Th2 Cells/cytology/immunology ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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