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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron spectroscopic studies of colossal magnetoresistance material La1−xCaxMnO3 : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4558-4560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High resolution photoemission measurements have been performed for the ferromagnetic transition of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 and for the order–disorder transition of La0.4Ca0.6MnO3. The band gap collapsed below the Curie temperature and the density of states at the Fermi level increases with cooling. Upon cooling through the order–disorder transition temperatures, TCO, the band gap increases by ∼50 meV. This change in the gap is consistent with the change in the activation energy above and below TCO estimated from conductivity data. We have also performed soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements at Mn L2,3 edges for ferromagnetic La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 and La0.8Ca0.2MnO3. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361724
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural and magnetic studies of heteromagnetic multilayers by reflectivity of circularly polarized soft x rays (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6492-6492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The reflectivity of circularly polarized (CP) soft x rays is a technique which combines the power of x-ray scattering and magnetic circular dichroism and allows the structural and magnetic characterization of heteromagnetic multilayers. In this technique, the energy and angular dependence of the differential reflectivity of left- and right-circularly polarized soft x rays at the relevant absorption edges of the constituent elements of the multilayers are measured. As examples the reflectivity curves for single films of Fe, Co, ordered and disordered Fe50Co50 alloys, and for a trilayer consisting of two single crystal Fe30Co70 films separated by an 8.7 A(ring) Mn spacer layer media utilizing complex dielectric tensors with no free parameters show that the rich reflectivity curves can be used to determine the multilayer magnetic ordering, film thicknesses, interface quality, as well as differentiating between ordered and disordered alloys. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362452
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant magnetic effects in the L-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure of 3d transition metals : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6493-6495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A systematic extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) study at the L edges of ferromagnetic Fe, Co, and Ni thin films has been conducted using circular polarized soft x rays. A very large helicity dependence has been observed in the L-edge EXAFS spectra. Surprisingly, in contradiction with prior works, these magnetic EXAFS results indicate a nonlinear dependence of this effect on the magnetic polarization of the scattering atom. The data further indicate that the dominant scattering paths responsible for the effect are different from those responsible for EXAFS. A discussion of the results in relation to the present understanding of the underlying mechanism and its ramifications to the existing theoretical frameworks is also presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361980
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic and microstructural properties of CoCrTa/Cr/Al thin films (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5357-5357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: CoCrTa/Cr/Al and CoCrTa/Cr thin films were deposited on glass substrate at 280 °C using dc magnetron sputtering. The coercivity of CoCrTa/Cr films increased by introducing an Al underlayer. In 500 A(ring) CoCrTa/Cr films, the coercivity increased with increasing Cr thickness and saturated above 700 A(ring) Cr thickness (Hc=1050 Oe). On the other hand, in 500 A(ring) CoCrTa/Cr/700 A(ring) Al films, the coercivity increased sharply with increasing Cr thickness and showed a maximum value at 700 A(ring) Cr thickness (Hc=1380 Oe). The coercivity squareness of the CoCrTa/Cr/Al and CoCrTa/Cr films was increased with increasing Cr thickness. The coercivity squareness of CoCrTa/Cr/Al films was lower than that of CoCrTa/Cr films. To study the origin of coercivity enhancement in CoCrTa/Cr films when deposited on an Al underlayer, microstructures of the two films were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We controlled grain sizes of CoCrTa films by changing the thickness of the Cr layer. The grain size of CoCrTa films increased with increasing Cr thickness. The coercivity of CoCrTa/Cr/Al films showed a maximum value at a grain size of 430 A(ring). These results suggest that the transition from single domain to multidomain could occur at a grain size of ∼400 A(ring). To understand the coercivity squareness changes by the introduction of an Al underlayer, the angular variation of coercivity was measured. The magnetization of CoCrTa/Cr films was reversed by domain wall motion.On the other hand, by the incorporation of an Al underlayer, the angular variation of coercivity deviated from the domain wall motion mode. Cross-sectional TEM studies of CoCrTa/Cr/Al films showed that Cr atoms in Cr layers diffused into an Al underlayer and Al atoms were detected in both Cr and CoCrTa layers, but magnetization of the magnetic layer was not decreased. The decrease in coercivity squareness of CoCrTa/Cr/Al films would be attributed to magnetic decoupling by segregation of Al atoms in grain boundaries of CoCrTa films. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361324
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoresponse of a YBa2Cu3Ox grain-boundary junction (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 3770-3773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The photoresponse of a YBa2Cu3Ox grain-boundary junction has been measured as a function of chopping frequency and bias current in a temperature range of 2 K≤T≤70 K. The response was found to be mostly bolometric, but a nonbolometriclike component was also identified, which appeared as a chopping-frequency independent signal while immersing the sample in the superfluid helium. The bias-current dependence of the response showed a peak at a current corresponding to the critical current of the junction, and the peak values remained constant for 30 K≤T≤70 K. However, below 15 K the peak of the photoresponse increased very sharply with decreasing temperature following a 1/T3 dependence, consistent with the temperature dependence of the thermal boundary resistance between the film and the substrate. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361380
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication and characterization of modulation-doped-field-effect-transistors with antidot-patterned passivation layers (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 1924-1926 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A gate passivation technique for modulation-doped-field-effect-transistors has been proposed and demonstrated. This technique incorporates an antidot-patterned (net-shaped), polymer passivation layer deposited between the gate metal and the heterojunction wafer. Characterization results of the device with the patterned passivation layer show that independent engineering of the threshold voltage and the transconductance has been achieved. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117623
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of Laminated Edible Films to Potato Chip Packaging (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 61 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of various stearic-palmitic acid blend concentrations in films, storage temperatures and storage times on potato chip quality were evaluated using Response Surface Methodology. Storage temperature and time affected the quality of potato chips. The maximum storage times for acceptable potato chip quality were: 30 to 43 days, 23 to 25 days, and 11 to 12 days for storage temperatures of 15, 25 and 35°C, respectively. Results were independent of stearic-palmitic acid blend concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1996.tb12200.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strontium Metaborate, SrB2O4 (1996)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 498-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Single crystals of strontium metaborate, SrB2O4, were grown for the first time from the melt by the Czochralski method and a detailed structure analysis was carried out. The Sr atom is dodecahedrally coordinated by eight O atoms from the neighbouring infinite planes consisting of borate molecules so that all O atoms in the borate molecules participate in the coordination with Sr...O distances ranging from 2.522 (7) to 2.728 (5) Å.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270195010341
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surimi from Fillet Frames of Channel Catfish (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 61 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Surimi was prepared with channel catfish mince recovered from fillet frames. The deboned meat was washed once, twice, or three times with water for surimi processing. Unwashed mince was also blended with cryoprotectants for surimi processing. Heat-induced gels were prepared using washed or unwashed catfish surimi with or without starch. Results indicated no differences (P〉0.05) in textural properties and Hunter color values due to number of washes in those gels prepared with washed surimi. Differences (P〈0.05) in proximate composition, textural properties and Hunter color values were found between gels prepared with washed and unwashed surimi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1996.tb14209.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic transition properties of highly ordered smectic phases (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 47 (1996), S. 957-973 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: DSC ; Gibbs energy ; liquid crystalline polyethers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A series of polyethers have been synthesized from 1-(4-hydroxy-4′-biphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane and α, Ω-dibromoalkanes having different numbers of methylene units [TPPs]. Both odd- and even-numbered TPPs [TPP(n=odd)s and TPP(n=even)s) exhibit multiple transitions during cooling and heating and they show little supercooling dependence, indicating close-to-equilibrium nature of these transitions. Combining the structural characterization obtainedvia wide angle X-ray diffraction powder and fiber patterns at different temperatures and the morphological observations from microscopy techniques, not only the nematic liquid crystalline phase but also highly ordered smecticF, smectic crystalG andH phases have been identified. The phase diagrams for both TPP(n=odd)s and TPP(n=even)s have been constructed [1–3]. Thermodynamic properties (enthalpy and entropy changes) during these transitions are studied based on differential scanning calorimetry experiments. The contributions of the mesogenic groups and methylene units to each ordering process can be separated and they indicate the characteristics of these processes thereby providing estimations of the transition types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01979442
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