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  • ASTRONOMY  (91)
  • Solar Physics  (52)
  • Base Sequence  (50)
  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
  • 1995-1999  (211)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1995  (211)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1995-1999  (211)
  • 1980-1984
Year
  • 1
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    CGRO/OSSE observations of the Cassiopeia A Supernova remnant (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Cassipeia A, the youngest known supernova remnant in the Galaxy and a strong radio and X-ray source, was observed by OSSE 1992 July 16-August 6. Its close distance (approximately 3 kpc) and its young age (approximately 300 yr) make Cas A the best candidate among known supernova remnants for detecting Ti-44 gamma-ray lines. We find no evidence of emission at 67.9 keV, 78.4 keV, or 1.157 MeV, the three strongest Ti-44 decay lines. From simultaneous fits to the three lines our 99% confidence upper limit to the flux in each line is 5.5 x 10(exp -5) gamma/sq cm s. We also report upper limits for the 4.44 MeV C-12 nuclear de-excitation line, which could be produced by interactions of acclerated particles in the supernova remnant, and for the hard X-ray continuum.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 444; 1; p. 244-250
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  • 2
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    Genomic structure of an attenuated quasi species of HIV-1 from a blood transfusion donor and recipients (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-10
    Description: A blood donor infected with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) and a cohort of six blood or blood product recipients infected from this donor remain free of HIV-1-related disease with stable and normal CD4 lymphocyte counts 10 to 14 years after infection. HIV-1 sequences from either virus isolates or patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells had similar deletions in the nef gene and in the region of overlap of nef and the U3 region of the long terminal repeat (LTR). Full-length sequencing of one isolate genome and amplification of selected HIV-1 genome regions from other cohort members revealed no other abnormalities of obvious functional significance. These data show that survival after HIV infection can be determined by the HIV genome and support the importance of nef or the U3 region of the LTR in determining the pathogenicity of HIV-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deacon, N J -- Tsykin, A -- Solomon, A -- Smith, K -- Ludford-Menting, M -- Hooker, D J -- McPhee, D A -- Greenway, A L -- Ellett, A -- Chatfield, C -- Lawson, V A -- Crowe, S -- Maerz, A -- Sonza, S -- Learmont, J -- Sullivan, J S -- Cunningham, A -- Dwyer, D -- Dowton, D -- Mills, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 10;270(5238):988-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉AIDS Molecular Biology Unit, Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research, Fairfield, Victoria, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; *Blood Donors ; Blood Transfusion ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Cohort Studies ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gene Rearrangement ; *Genes, nef ; Genome, Viral ; HIV Infections/immunology/transmission/*virology ; *HIV Long Terminal Repeat ; HIV-1/*genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Sequence Deletion ; Virulence ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Study of dust in the vicinity of Dione using the Voyager 1 plasma wave instrument (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The flyby of Voyager 1 at Saturn yielded the detection of a large variety of plasma waves, for example, chorus, hiss, and electron cyclotron harmonics. Just before the outbound equator crossing, the Voyager 1 plasma wave instrument detected a strong, well-defined low-frequency enhancement in signal levels. Initially, it was thought that this enhancement was due to plasma waves, but more recently it was suggested that dust impacts might be at least partial contributors. In this report we present evidence that dust impacts are partly responsible for the low-frequency enhancement. A new method of analysis which relies mainly on the 16-channel spectrum analyzer has been used to derive the dust impact rate. The available wideband waveform observations (which have been used previously to study dust impacts) were useful for calibrating the impact rate from the spectrum analyzer data. The mass and hence size of the dust particles were also obtained by analyzing the response of the plasma wave spectrum and analyzer. The results show that the region sampled by Voyager 1 is populated by dust particles that have rms masses of up to a few times 10(exp -11) g and sizes of up to a few microns. The dust particle number density is of the order of 10(exp -3)/cu m. The optical depth of the region sampled by the spacecraft is approximately 10(exp -6). The particle population is centered at 2470 (+/- 150) km south of the equatorial plane and has a north-south FWHM (full-width, half-maximum) thickness of 4130 (+/- 450) km. The dust may be part of the E ring or a localized ringlet assoicated with Dione.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 100; A2; p. 1811-1822
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  • 4
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    Aberrant subcellular localization of BRCA1 in breast cancer (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-03
    Description: The BRCA1 gene product was identified as a 220-kilodalton nuclear phosphoprotein in normal cells, including breast ductal epithelial cells, and in 18 of 20 tumor cell lines derived from tissues other than breast and ovary. In 16 of 17 breast and ovarian cancer lines and 17 of 17 samples of cells obtained from malignant effusions, however, BRCA1 localized mainly in cytoplasm. Absence of BRCA1 or aberrant subcellular location was also observed to a variable extent in histological sections of many breast cancer biopsies. These findings suggest that BRCA1 abnormalities may be involved in the pathogenesis of many breast cancers, sporadic as well as familial.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Y -- Chen, C F -- Riley, D J -- Allred, D C -- Chen, P L -- Von Hoff, D -- Osborne, C K -- Lee, W H -- CA58318/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- EY05758/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA58183/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 3;270(5237):789-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular Medicine/Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 78245, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; BRCA1 Protein ; Base Sequence ; Breast/*chemistry ; Breast Neoplasms/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Cell Fractionation ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/chemistry ; Cytoplasm/*chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/*analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Neoplasms/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Ovarian Neoplasms/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant/chemistry/pathology ; Transcription Factors/*analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Candidate gene for the chromosome 1 familial Alzheimer's disease locus (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-18
    Description: A candidate gene for the chromosome 1 Alzheimer's disease (AD) locus was identified (STM2). The predicted amino acid sequence for STM2 is homologous to that of the recently cloned chromosome 14 AD gene (S182). A point mutation in STM2, resulting in the substitution of an isoleucine for an asparagine (N141l), was identified in affected people from Volga German AD kindreds. This N141l mutation occurs at an amino acid residue that is conserved in human S182 and in the mouse S182 homolog. The presence of missense mutations in AD subjects in two highly similar genes strongly supports the hypothesis that mutations in both are pathogenic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levy-Lahad, E -- Wasco, W -- Poorkaj, P -- Romano, D M -- Oshima, J -- Pettingell, W H -- Yu, C E -- Jondro, P D -- Schmidt, S D -- Wang, K -- AG0513C/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01-AG11762/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01-AG11899/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 18;269(5226):973-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geriatric Research Education, and Clinical Center (182B), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/ethnology/*genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Germany/ethnology ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Presenilin-2
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    On the nature of the unidentified EGRET sources: Are they Geminga-like pulsars? (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Observations with the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) aboard the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) show more than 30 unidentified gamma-ray sources concentrated along the Galactic plane. Based on their spatial distribution, the typical distances of the sources are found to be between 1.2 and 6 kpc. Luminosity estimates made using the estimated distances of the sources and their observed gamma-ray fluxes lie in the range (0.7-16.7) x 10(exp 35) ergs/s. These values, on the average, appear to be higher than the luminosities of the gamma-ray pulsars observed by EGRET. The luminosity estimates indicate that the low-latitude unidentified EGRET sources cannot be explained as a group of older, low-luminosity pulsars like Geminga, although the high-latitude sources may be candidates.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 441; 2; p. L61-L64
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  • 7
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    EGRET observations of the BL Lacertae objects 0716+714 and 0521-365 (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: During the Compton Observatory's viewing programs Phase 1 (1991 April to 1992 November, also known as the All-Sky Survey) and Phase 2 (1992 November to 1993 September), the BL Lac object 0716+714 was in the field of view of the EGRET telescope a total of six times, three times in Phase 1 and three more times in Phase 2, while the BL Lac object 0521-365 was in the field of view of EGRET only once in Phase 1. The source 0716+714 was detected in high-energy gamma rays by EGRET at a flux level of (2.0 +/- 0.4) x 10(exp -7) photons/sq cm/s for E greater than 100 MeV with a 6 sigma significance when it was first observed by EGRET in 1992 January 10 to 23. The corresponding spectral slope of the photon number distribution is determined to be -2.04 +/- 0.33. The gamma-ray flux of 0716+714 showed considerable time variability in subsequent EGRET observations. But the spectral slope stayed about the same within the statistical uncertainties of the EGRET data. The average spectral slope of the four viewing periods during which the photon flux of 0716+714 stayed above the EGRET detection threshold is found to be -1.85 +/- 0.20 from the combined data. The source 0521+365 was detected by EGRET in 1992 May 14 to June 4 at a flux level of (1.8 +/- 0.5) x 10(exp -7) photons/sq cm/s for E greater than 100 MeV with a 4 sigma significance. The corresponding spectral slope of the photon number distribution is found to be 2.16 +/- 0.36. Details of the observations of these two BL Lac objects with the EGRET telescope are presented.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: The Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 442; 1; p. 96-104
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  • 8
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    Deep galaxy counts in the K band with the Kech telescope (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We present deep galaxy counts in the K (lambda 2.2 micrometer) band, obtained at the W. M. Kech 10 m telescope. The data reach limiting magnitudes K approximately 24 mag, about 5 times deeper than the deepest published K-band images to date. The counts are performed in three small (approximately 1 min), widely separated high-latitude fields. Extensive Monte Carlo tests were used to derive the comleteness corrections and minimize photometric biases. The counts continue to rise, with no sign of a turnover, down to the limits of our data, with the logarithmic slope of d log N/dm = 0.315 +/- 0.02 between K = 20 and 24 mag. This implies a cumulative surface density of approximately 5 x 10(exp 5) galaxies/sq deg, or approximately 2 x 10(exp 10) over the entire sky, down to K = 24 mag. Our counts are in good agreement with, although slightly lower than, those from the Hawaii Deep Survey by Cowie and collaborators; the discrepancies may be due to the small differences in the aperture corrections. We compare our counts with some of the available theoretical predictions. The data do not require models with a high value of Omega(sub 0), but can be well fitted by models with no (or little) evolution, and cosmologies with a low value of Omega(sub 0). Given the uncertainties in the models, it may be premature to put useful constrains on the value of Omega(sub 0) from the counts alone. Optical-to-IR colors are computed, using CCD data obtaind previously at Palomar. We find a few red galaxies with (r-K) approximately greater than 5 mag, or (i-K) approximately greater than 5 mag; these may be ellipticals at z approximately 1. While the redshift distribution of galaxies in our counts is still unknown, the flux limits reached would allow us to detect unobscured L(sub *) galaxies out to substantial redshifts (z greater than 3?).
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 438; 1; p. L13-L16
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  • 9
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    Charge state of anomalous cosmic-ray nitrogen, oxygen, and neon: SAMPEX observations (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We report observations of the ionization state of anomalous cosmic-ray (ACR) nitrogen, oxygen, and neon during the period 1992 October to 1993 May, carried out with instrumentation on the Solar, Anomalous & Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX) spacecraft. The low-altitude (510 x 675 km) and high-inclination (82 deg) orbit enables SAMPEX to sample the interplanetary ACR fluxes on each polar pass and then to observe the cutoff of these fluxes by the geomagnetic field at lower latitudes. The arrival time and direction of each ion is recorded by the instruments, allowing detailed calculations of the particle's trajectory through the Earth's magnetic field and thereby placing upper limits on the ionization state of the particles. We find (a) that ACR nitrogen, oxygen, and neon each contain singly ionized particles and (b) that ACR oxygen is predominantly singly ionized with an upper limit of 10% for higher ionization states. These ionization states confirm theories of ACR origin as neutral interstellar material that is singly ionized near the Sun by UV or charge exchange with the solar wind, and is subsequently accelerated in the outer heliosphere.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 442; 2; p. L69-L72
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  • 10
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    Spectroscopy of luminous infrared galaxies at 2 microns: 1. The ultraluminous galaxies (L(sub IR) approximately greater than 10 (exp 12) solar luminosity) (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: We present high-quality spectra covering the K window at a resolving power of 340 for a sample of 13 ultraluminous (L(sub IR) approximately greater than 10(exp 12) solar luminosity) infrared-selected galaxies, and line fluxes for a comparison sample of 24 lower luminosity galaxies. The 2 micrometers spectra of 10 of the ultraluminous galaxies are characterized by emission and absorption features commonly associated with stars and star formation; two others have the red power-law spectra and Br gamma line widths of Seyfert 1 galaxies; the final galaxy has strong emission from hot dust. We have found no broad-line active nuclei not already known from optical observations, despite the fact that the extinction at 2 micrometers is 1/10 that at optical wavelengths; any putative Seyfert 1 nuclei must be deeply buried. Powerful continua and emission lines from H2 and Br gamma are detected in all the ultraluminous galaxies. Comparing the H2 1-0 S(1), Br gamma, and 2 micrometers and far-infrared luminosities to those of the lower luminosity galaxies yields several major results. First, the dereddened Br gamma emission, relative to the far-infrared luminosity is significantly depressed in the ultraluminous sample, when compared to the lower luminosity galaxies. Five of the ultraluminous galaxies have L(sub Br gamma)L(sub IR) ratios lower than for any of the comparison objects. Second, the H2 1-0 S(1) luminosity is also responsible, directly or indirectly, for producing the excited H2, and that the H2 apparently comes from optically thin regions in both classes of objects. Third, eight of the 13 ultraluminous systems have lower 2 micrometers/far-infrared luminosity ratios than any of the lower luminosity galaxies, and five of these are the galaxies also deficient in Br gamma. These three findings may be understood if the the H2, Br gamma, and 2 mircometers continua in the ultraluminous galaxies arise from spatially distinct regions, with the continuum and Br gamma largely coming from volumes optically thick even at 2 micrometers, and obscured in such a fashion that the extinctions measured using optical spectroscopy do not properly measure the true optical depths. If this is the case, then even near-infrared spectroscopy may be unable to exclude the presence of undetected powerful active galactive nuclei in the ultraluminous galaxies.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 444; 1; p. 97-112
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