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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (375)
  • Chemical Engineering  (60)
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  • 1995-1999  (485)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1995  (485)
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  • 1995-1999  (485)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1940-1944
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of titanium surface roughness on proliferation, differentiation, and protein synthesis of human osteoblast-like cells (MG63) (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 29 (1995), S. 389-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The effect of surface roughness on osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and protein synthesis was examined. Human osteoblast-like cells (MG63) were cultured on titanium (Ti) disks that had been prepared by one of five different treatment regimens. All disks were pretreated with hydrofluoric acid-nitric acid and washed (PT). PT disks were also: washed, and then electropolished (EP); fine sandblasted, etched with HCl and H2SO4, and washed (FA); coarse sandblasted, etched with HCl and H2SO4, and washed (CA); or Ti plasma-sprayed (TPS). Standard tissue culture plastic was used as a control. Surface topography and profile were evaluated by brightfield and darkfield microscopy, cold field emission scanning electron microscopy, and laser confocal microscopy, while chemical composition was mapped using energy dispersion X-ray analysis and elemental distribution determined using Auger electron spectroscopy. The effect of surface roughness on the cells was evaluated by measuring cell number, [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA, alkaline phosphatase specific activity, [3H]uridine incorporation into RNA, [3H]proline incorporation into collagenase digestible protein (CDP) and noncollagenase-digestible protein (NCP), and [35S]sulfate incorporation into proteoglycan.Based on surface analysis, the five different Ti surfaces were ranked in order of smoothest to roughest: EP, PT, FA, CA, and TPS. A TiO2 layer was found on all surfaces that ranged in thickness from 100 Å in the smoothest group to 300 Å in the roughest. When compared to confluent cultures of cells on plastic, the number of cells was reduced on the TPS surfaces and increased on the EP surfaces, while the number of cells on the other surfaces was equivalent to plastic. [3H]Thymidine incorporation was inversely related to surface roughness. Alkaline phosphatase specific activity in isolated cells was found to decrease with increasing surface roughness, except for those cells cultured on CA. In contrast, enzyme activity in the cell layer was only decreased in cultures grown on FA- and TPS-treated surfaces. A direct correlation between surface roughness and RNA and CDP production was found. Surface roughness had no apparent effect on NCP production. Proteoglycan synthesis by the cells was inhibited on all the surfaces studied, with the largest inhibition observed in the CA and EP groups. These results demonstrate that surface roughness alters osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and matrix production in vitro. The results also suggest that implant surface roughness may play a role in determining phenotypic expression of cells in vivo.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820290314
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NMR relaxation study of thermal degradation in cured PMR polyimidesWork supported in part by NASA under grant NCC-3-164. (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 1545-1557 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: NMR relaxation ; PMR polyimides ; thermal degradation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: We have studied cross-linking and thermal degradation of high-performance first-and second-generation PMR-15 polyimides, both thermoset and thermoplastic versions, by performing nonspectroscopic NMR solid echo T*2 relaxation measurements at temperatures up to 430°C using probes built for this purpose. We employ signal averaging and automated decomposition of the relaxation decays into two Gaussian components, the slower of which gradually appears above 300°C. Tracking the molecular mobility spectrum in terms of the relative intensity of the components and their relaxation times as temperature is cycled, we detect essentially no irreversible effects below the glass transition, measure permanent mobility reductions attributable to completion of cure, and find that exposure to temperatures above 380°C on the order of 1 h is required for substantial thermal degradation to occur. These results are closely supported by thermal and mechanical measurements on parallel specimens. Second-generation PMR resins appear to have higher microscopic rigidity and reduced viscous fraction at high temperatures. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1995.090331012
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of reactive oxazolyl styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 56 (1995), S. 1673-1677 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of oxazoline-modified styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymers was prepared through the reaction of amino alcohols onto preformed SAN copolymers. Consequently, a variety of reactive copolymers were synthesized. The major focus of this study was to examine the influence of reaction conditions, i.e., the nature of the catalyst and amino alcohol structure, on reactivity. The ability to incorporate oxazoline groups onto preformed polymers is dependent on whether homogeneous reaction conditions are met. For example, the use of nonreactive solubilizing agents, i.e., cosolvent, is effective. However, optimum conditions are obtained when the catalyst is completely soluble in the reaction mixture containing the amino alcohol and SAN copolymer. With these restrictions, zinc stearate is quite effective. Our results show that controlled and reproducible levels of oxazoline can be incorporated (typically at a rate of 2 mol %/h) up to high levels. These results are general and therefore are applicable to a wide variety of nitrile-containing polymers. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070561219
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel polymeric alcohols by controlled catalytic polymer functionalization (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 56 (1995), S. 533-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Novel EPDM (ethylenepropylenediene monomer) and polybutadiene polyols can be synthesized by a two-step process of controlled hydroformylation and then reduction of the formyl groups to place a desired amount of pendant alcohol groups along the polymer chain. The degree of functionalization can be controlled by measuring gas uptake from a calibrated reservoir during hydroformylation. Hydroformylation can be performed in solution or under simulated melt-phase conditions using either HRh(CO)(PPh3)3 or Rh(acac) (CO)2 as catalysts. Reduction of the polyaldehyde by NaBH4 generates the polymeric alcohol without further reaction of the remaining double bonds. Polymer functionalization and further modifications were followed by H-NMR and FTIR. These unique hydrophobic polyols can be reacted further to produce other polymer systems. As an example, urethanes have been made with these polyols by reaction with diisocyanates. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070560502
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HTPB-based polyurethanes for inhibition of composite propellants (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 55 (1995), S. 1151-1155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyurethanes were synthesized by the reaction of hydroxyterminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and diisocyanates such as toluene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), and isophoron diisocyanate (IPDI). A number of fillers such as carbon black, kaolin, and antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) were used in these formulations. Mechanical and thermal stability of these polyurethanes were studied. Based on its properties, HTPB-MDI derived filled polyurethane was selected and evaluated as an inhibitor for a composite propellant. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070550801
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  • 6
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    Genomic structure of an attenuated quasi species of HIV-1 from a blood transfusion donor and recipients (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-10
    Description: A blood donor infected with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) and a cohort of six blood or blood product recipients infected from this donor remain free of HIV-1-related disease with stable and normal CD4 lymphocyte counts 10 to 14 years after infection. HIV-1 sequences from either virus isolates or patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells had similar deletions in the nef gene and in the region of overlap of nef and the U3 region of the long terminal repeat (LTR). Full-length sequencing of one isolate genome and amplification of selected HIV-1 genome regions from other cohort members revealed no other abnormalities of obvious functional significance. These data show that survival after HIV infection can be determined by the HIV genome and support the importance of nef or the U3 region of the LTR in determining the pathogenicity of HIV-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deacon, N J -- Tsykin, A -- Solomon, A -- Smith, K -- Ludford-Menting, M -- Hooker, D J -- McPhee, D A -- Greenway, A L -- Ellett, A -- Chatfield, C -- Lawson, V A -- Crowe, S -- Maerz, A -- Sonza, S -- Learmont, J -- Sullivan, J S -- Cunningham, A -- Dwyer, D -- Dowton, D -- Mills, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 10;270(5238):988-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉AIDS Molecular Biology Unit, Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research, Fairfield, Victoria, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; *Blood Donors ; Blood Transfusion ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Cohort Studies ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gene Rearrangement ; *Genes, nef ; Genome, Viral ; HIV Infections/immunology/transmission/*virology ; *HIV Long Terminal Repeat ; HIV-1/*genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Sequence Deletion ; Virulence ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Aberrant subcellular localization of BRCA1 in breast cancer (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-03
    Description: The BRCA1 gene product was identified as a 220-kilodalton nuclear phosphoprotein in normal cells, including breast ductal epithelial cells, and in 18 of 20 tumor cell lines derived from tissues other than breast and ovary. In 16 of 17 breast and ovarian cancer lines and 17 of 17 samples of cells obtained from malignant effusions, however, BRCA1 localized mainly in cytoplasm. Absence of BRCA1 or aberrant subcellular location was also observed to a variable extent in histological sections of many breast cancer biopsies. These findings suggest that BRCA1 abnormalities may be involved in the pathogenesis of many breast cancers, sporadic as well as familial.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Y -- Chen, C F -- Riley, D J -- Allred, D C -- Chen, P L -- Von Hoff, D -- Osborne, C K -- Lee, W H -- CA58318/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- EY05758/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA58183/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 3;270(5237):789-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular Medicine/Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 78245, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; BRCA1 Protein ; Base Sequence ; Breast/*chemistry ; Breast Neoplasms/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Cell Fractionation ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/chemistry ; Cytoplasm/*chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/*analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Neoplasms/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Ovarian Neoplasms/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant/chemistry/pathology ; Transcription Factors/*analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Candidate gene for the chromosome 1 familial Alzheimer's disease locus (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-18
    Description: A candidate gene for the chromosome 1 Alzheimer's disease (AD) locus was identified (STM2). The predicted amino acid sequence for STM2 is homologous to that of the recently cloned chromosome 14 AD gene (S182). A point mutation in STM2, resulting in the substitution of an isoleucine for an asparagine (N141l), was identified in affected people from Volga German AD kindreds. This N141l mutation occurs at an amino acid residue that is conserved in human S182 and in the mouse S182 homolog. The presence of missense mutations in AD subjects in two highly similar genes strongly supports the hypothesis that mutations in both are pathogenic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levy-Lahad, E -- Wasco, W -- Poorkaj, P -- Romano, D M -- Oshima, J -- Pettingell, W H -- Yu, C E -- Jondro, P D -- Schmidt, S D -- Wang, K -- AG0513C/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01-AG11762/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01-AG11899/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 18;269(5226):973-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geriatric Research Education, and Clinical Center (182B), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/ethnology/*genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Germany/ethnology ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Presenilin-2
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of ageing on the dielectric behaviour of silicone-EPDM blends (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 225 (1995), S. 21-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Dielektrische Messungen an Silikon, EPDM und einem Blend aus gleichen Gewichtsteilen beider Polymerer wurden im Frequenzbereich 1-105 Hz zwischen 25 und 200°C vor und nach Alterung in Wasser, Wasserdampf und Luft durchgeführt. Für das unpolare und nahezu verlustfreie EPDM werden niedrige Werte der Dielektrizitätskonstante und des Verlustfaktors gemessen. Die für EPDM beobachtete thermische Depolarisation ist bei in Luft gealtertem EPDM aufgrund von Dipolorientierung etwas ausgeprägter. Silikon wird in zwei Stufen polarisiert. Veränderungen der dielektrischen Eigenschaften und des spezifischen Gleichstromwiderstands nach Alterung belegen, daß Ladungsträger bei niedriger Temperatur und polare Silanolgruppen bei hoher Temperatur zur Polarisation beitragen. Die Eigenschaften des Blends hängen vom Alte-rungsmedium ab. Hydrothermische Alterung bewirkt eine qualitative Verbesserung des Dielektrikums Silikon durch Entfernung von Ladungsträgern und der Unterdrückung der Silikonhydrolyse durch EPDM. Durch Alterung des Blends in Luft nimmt dessen Polarisation zu, bedingt durch die Bildung von Ladungsträgern und Dipolen sowie die zusätzliche Grenzchicht. Aus Aktivierungsenergien wird gefolgert, daß die bei niedriger Temperatur stattfindende Polarisation mit der Beweglichkeit der Ladungsträger und der Orientierung von Seitengruppen zusammenhängt. rungsmedium ab. Hydrothermische Alterung bewirkt eine qualitative Verbesserung des Dielektrikums Silikon durch Entfernung von Ladungsträgern und der Unterdrückung der Silikonhydrolyse durch EPDM. Durch Alterung des Blends in Luft nimmt dessen Polarisation zu, bedingt durch die Bildung von Ladungsträgern und Dipolen sowie die zusätzliche Grenzchicht. Aus Aktivierungsenergien wird gefolgert, daß die bei niedriger Temperatur stattfindende Polarisation mit der Beweglichkeit der Ladungsträger und der Orientierung von Seitengruppen zusammenhängt.
    Notes: Dielectric measurements in the frequency (1-105 Hz) and temperature (25-200°C) domains have been carried out for silicone, EPDM, and their 50/50 (by weight) blend before and after ageing in water, steam and air. Low values of permittivity and loss tangent for EPDM reflect its non-polar and loss-free nature. Thermal depolarisation is also observed with EPDM and the air-aged specimen shows little rising trend due to dipole orientation. Silicone is found to be polarised in two steps. Changes in dielectric properties and DC resistivity on hydrothermal weathering and air ageing confirms that charge carriers contribute in the low-temperature step and polar silanol groups contribute in the high-temperature region. The properties of the 50:50 blend are very much sensitive to the medium of ageing. Hydrothermal ageing improves the quality of the dielectric of silicone due to removal of charge carriers and the suppression of silicone hydrolysis by EPDM. Ageing of the blend in air increases the polarisation to a very high level owing to the charge carriers, the additional interface and the dipoles formed during ageing. Activation energies suggest that the low temperature polarisation step is associated with charge carrier mobility and orientation of pendent groups.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1995.052250103
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of 1-(vinylbenzyl)thymine, a novel, versatile multi-functional monomer (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 2515-2519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: thymine styrene monomer ; functional styrene monomer ; multifunctional monomer ; photoresist ; photocrosslinking ; photopolymer ; 2π + 2π photocyclization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080331425
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