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  • Molecular Sequence Data  (101)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (63)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (59)
  • 1995-1999  (223)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979
  • 1995  (223)
Collection
Keywords
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  • 1995-1999  (223)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979
Year
  • 1
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    The minimal gene complement of Mycoplasma genitalium (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-20
    Description: The complete nucleotide sequence (580,070 base pairs) of the Mycoplasma genitalium genome, the smallest known genome of any free-living organism, has been determined by whole-genome random sequencing and assembly. A total of only 470 predicted coding regions were identified that include genes required for DNA replication, transcription and translation, DNA repair, cellular transport, and energy metabolism. Comparison of this genome to that of Haemophilus influenzae suggests that differences in genome content are reflected as profound differences in physiology and metabolic capacity between these two organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fraser, C M -- Gocayne, J D -- White, O -- Adams, M D -- Clayton, R A -- Fleischmann, R D -- Bult, C J -- Kerlavage, A R -- Sutton, G -- Kelley, J M -- Fritchman, R D -- Weidman, J F -- Small, K V -- Sandusky, M -- Fuhrmann, J -- Nguyen, D -- Utterback, T R -- Saudek, D M -- Phillips, C A -- Merrick, J M -- Tomb, J F -- Dougherty, B A -- Bott, K F -- Hu, P C -- Lucier, T S -- Peterson, S N -- Smith, H O -- Hutchison, C A 3rd -- Venter, J C -- AI33161/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AIO8998/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HL19171/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 20;270(5235):397-403.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigenic Variation/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Biological Transport/genetics ; DNA Repair/genetics ; DNA Replication/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Databases, Factual ; Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Haemophilus influenzae/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mycoplasma/*genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Open Reading Frames ; Protein Biosynthesis ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Genomic structure of an attenuated quasi species of HIV-1 from a blood transfusion donor and recipients (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-10
    Description: A blood donor infected with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) and a cohort of six blood or blood product recipients infected from this donor remain free of HIV-1-related disease with stable and normal CD4 lymphocyte counts 10 to 14 years after infection. HIV-1 sequences from either virus isolates or patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells had similar deletions in the nef gene and in the region of overlap of nef and the U3 region of the long terminal repeat (LTR). Full-length sequencing of one isolate genome and amplification of selected HIV-1 genome regions from other cohort members revealed no other abnormalities of obvious functional significance. These data show that survival after HIV infection can be determined by the HIV genome and support the importance of nef or the U3 region of the LTR in determining the pathogenicity of HIV-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deacon, N J -- Tsykin, A -- Solomon, A -- Smith, K -- Ludford-Menting, M -- Hooker, D J -- McPhee, D A -- Greenway, A L -- Ellett, A -- Chatfield, C -- Lawson, V A -- Crowe, S -- Maerz, A -- Sonza, S -- Learmont, J -- Sullivan, J S -- Cunningham, A -- Dwyer, D -- Dowton, D -- Mills, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 10;270(5238):988-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉AIDS Molecular Biology Unit, Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research, Fairfield, Victoria, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; *Blood Donors ; Blood Transfusion ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Cohort Studies ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gene Rearrangement ; *Genes, nef ; Genome, Viral ; HIV Infections/immunology/transmission/*virology ; *HIV Long Terminal Repeat ; HIV-1/*genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Sequence Deletion ; Virulence ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Observations in the vicinity of substorm onset: Implications for the substrom process (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Multi-instrument data sets from the ground and satellites at both low and high altitude have provided new results concerning substorm onset and its source region in the magnetosphere. Twenty-six out of 37 substorm onset events showed evidence of azimuthally spaced auroral forms (AAFs) prior to the explosive poleward motion associated with optical substorm onset. AAFs can span 8 hours of local time prior to onset and generally propagate eastward in the morning sector. Onset itself is, however, more localized spanning only about 1 hour local time. AAF onset occur during time periods when the solar wind pressure is relatively high. AAFs brighten in conjunction with substorm onset leading to the conclusion that they are a growth phase activity casually related to substorm onset. Precursor activity associated with these AAFs is also seen near geosynchronous orbit altitude and examples show the relationship between the various instrumental definitions of substorm onset. The implied mode number (30 to 135) derived from this work is inconsistent with cavity mode resonances but is consistent with a modified flute/ballooning instability which requires azimuthal pressure gradients. The extended source region and the distance to the open-closed field line region constrain reconnection theory and local mechanisms for substorm onset. It is demonstrated that multiple onset substorms can exist for which localized dipolarizations and the Pi 2 occur simultaneously with tail stretching existing elsewhere. These pseudobreakups can be initiated by auroral streamers which originate at the most poleward set of arc systems and drift to the more equatorward main UV oval. Observations are presented of these AAFs in conjunction with low- and high-altitutde particle and magnetic field data. These place the activations at the interface between dipolar and taillike field lines probably near the peak in the cross-tail current. These onsets are put in the context of a new scenario for substorm morphology which employs individual modules which operate independently or couple together. This allows particular substorm events to be more accurately described and investigated.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 100; A5; p. 7937-7969
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Preliminary results from the Sprites94 aircraft campaign: 1. Red sprites (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The dual jet aircraft Sprites94 campaign yielded the first color imagery and unambiguously triangulated physical dimensions and heights of upper atmospheric optical emissions associated with thunderstorm systems. Low light level television images, in both color and in black and white (B/W), obtained during the campaign show that there are at least two distinctively different types of optical emissions spanning part or all of the distance between the anvil tops and the ionosphere. The first of these emissions, dubbed 'sprites' after their elusive nature, are luminous structures of brief (less than 16 ms) duration with a red main body that typically spans the latitude range 50-90 km, and possessing lateral dimensions of 5-30 km. Faint bluish tendrils often extend downward from the main body of sprites, occasionally appearing to reach cloud tops near 20 km. In this paper the principal characteristics of red sprites as observed during the Sprites94 campaign are described. The second distinctive type of emissions, 'blue jets,' are described in a companion paper (Wescott et al., this issue).
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 22; 10; p. 1205-1208
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Aberrant subcellular localization of BRCA1 in breast cancer (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-03
    Description: The BRCA1 gene product was identified as a 220-kilodalton nuclear phosphoprotein in normal cells, including breast ductal epithelial cells, and in 18 of 20 tumor cell lines derived from tissues other than breast and ovary. In 16 of 17 breast and ovarian cancer lines and 17 of 17 samples of cells obtained from malignant effusions, however, BRCA1 localized mainly in cytoplasm. Absence of BRCA1 or aberrant subcellular location was also observed to a variable extent in histological sections of many breast cancer biopsies. These findings suggest that BRCA1 abnormalities may be involved in the pathogenesis of many breast cancers, sporadic as well as familial.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Y -- Chen, C F -- Riley, D J -- Allred, D C -- Chen, P L -- Von Hoff, D -- Osborne, C K -- Lee, W H -- CA58318/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- EY05758/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA58183/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 3;270(5237):789-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular Medicine/Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 78245, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; BRCA1 Protein ; Base Sequence ; Breast/*chemistry ; Breast Neoplasms/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Cell Fractionation ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/chemistry ; Cytoplasm/*chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/*analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Neoplasms/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Ovarian Neoplasms/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant/chemistry/pathology ; Transcription Factors/*analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Activation of a G protein complex by aggregation of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase on the surface of sperm (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-22
    Description: Fertilization is initiated by the species-specific binding of sperm to the extracellular coat of the egg. One sperm receptor for the mouse egg is beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (GalTase), which binds O-linked oligosaccharides on the egg coat glycoprotein ZP3. ZP3 binding induces acrosomal exocytosis through the activation of a pertussis toxin-sensitive heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein). The cytoplasmic domain of sperm surface GalTase bound to and activated a heterotrimeric G protein complex that contained the Gi alpha subunit. Aggregation of GalTase by multivalent ligands elicited G protein activation. Sperm from transgenic mice that overexpressed GalTase had higher rates of G protein activation than did wild-type sperm, which rendered transgenic sperm hypersensitive to their ZP3 ligand. Thus, the cytoplasmic domain of cell surface GalTase appears to enable it to function as a signal-transducing receptor for extracellular oligosaccharide ligands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gong, X -- Dubois, D H -- Miller, D J -- Shur, B D -- R01 HD22590/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD23479/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD07324/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 22;269(5231):1718-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569899" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acrosome/physiology ; Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/enzymology/metabolism ; Egg Proteins/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/metabolism ; Ligands ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; N-Acetyllactosamine Synthase/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Pertussis Toxin ; *Receptors, Cell Surface ; Signal Transduction ; Spermatozoa/enzymology/*metabolism ; Virulence Factors, Bordetella/pharmacology ; Zona Pellucida/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Inhibition of transcription elongation by the VHL tumor suppressor protein (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-08
    Description: Germline mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene (VHL) predispose individuals to a variety of tumors, including renal carcinoma, hemangioblastoma of the central nervous system, and pheochromocytoma. Here, a cellular transcription factor, Elongin (SIII), is identified as a functional target of the VHL protein. Elongin (SIII) is a heterotrimer consisting of a transcriptionally active subunit (A) and two regulatory subunits (B and C) that activate transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II. The VHL protein was shown to bind tightly and specifically to the Elongin B and C subunits and to inhibit Elongin (SIII) transcriptional activity in vitro. These findings reveal a potentially important transcriptional regulatory network in which the VHL protein may play a key role.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duan, D R -- Pause, A -- Burgess, W H -- Aso, T -- Chen, D Y -- Garrett, K P -- Conaway, R C -- Conaway, J W -- Linehan, W M -- Klausner, R D -- GM41628/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 8;269(5229):1402-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Urologic Oncology Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7660122" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; *Ligases ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; *Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; *Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Adaptive evolution of color vision genes in higher primates (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-01
    Description: The intron 4 sequences of the three polymorphic alleles at the X-linked color photo-pigment locus in the squirrel monkey and the marmoset reveal that the alleles in each species are exceptionally divergent. The data further suggest either that each triallelic system has arisen independently in these two New World monkey lineages, or that in each species at least seven deletions and insertions (14 in the two species) in intron 4 have been transferred and homogenized among the alleles by gene conversion or recombination. In either case, the alleles in each species apparently have persisted more than 5 million years and probably have been maintained by overdominant selection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shyue, S K -- Hewett-Emmett, D -- Sperling, H G -- Hunt, D M -- Bowmaker, J K -- Mollon, J D -- Li, W H -- EY10317/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 1;269(5228):1265-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston 77225, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7652574" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Callithrix ; Color Perception/*genetics ; Eye Proteins/*genetics ; Gene Conversion ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Introns ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Recombination, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retinal Pigments/*genetics ; Rod Opsins ; Saimiri ; Sequence Deletion ; Species Specificity ; X Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Candidate gene for the chromosome 1 familial Alzheimer's disease locus (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-18
    Description: A candidate gene for the chromosome 1 Alzheimer's disease (AD) locus was identified (STM2). The predicted amino acid sequence for STM2 is homologous to that of the recently cloned chromosome 14 AD gene (S182). A point mutation in STM2, resulting in the substitution of an isoleucine for an asparagine (N141l), was identified in affected people from Volga German AD kindreds. This N141l mutation occurs at an amino acid residue that is conserved in human S182 and in the mouse S182 homolog. The presence of missense mutations in AD subjects in two highly similar genes strongly supports the hypothesis that mutations in both are pathogenic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levy-Lahad, E -- Wasco, W -- Poorkaj, P -- Romano, D M -- Oshima, J -- Pettingell, W H -- Yu, C E -- Jondro, P D -- Schmidt, S D -- Wang, K -- AG0513C/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01-AG11762/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01-AG11899/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 18;269(5226):973-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geriatric Research Education, and Clinical Center (182B), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/ethnology/*genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Germany/ethnology ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Presenilin-2
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    A description of the solar wind-magnetosphere coupling based on nonlinear filters (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A nonlinear filtering method is introduced for the study of the solar wind -- magnetosphere coupling and related to earlier linear techniques. The filters are derived from the magnetospheric state, a representation of the magnetospheric conditions in terms of a few global variables, here the auroral electrojet indices. The filters also couple to the input, a representation of the solar wind variables, here the rectified electric field. Filter-based iterative prediction of the indices has been obtained for up to 20 hours. The prediction is stable with respect to perturbations in the initial magnetospheric state; these decrease exponentially at the rate of 30/min. The performance of the method is examined for a wide range of parameters and is superior to that of other linear and nonlinear techniques. In the magnetospheric state representation the coupling is modeled as a small number of nonlinear equations under a time-dependent input.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 100; A3; p. 3495-3512
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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