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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1995-12-01
    Beschreibung: The role of natural selection in molecular evolution has been inferred primarily by rejection of null hypotheses based on neutral theory, rather than by acceptance of specific predictions based on selection. In this report, a population genetic test of a specific prediction for selection on DNA polymorphism is presented. Pyrethroid insecticide use constitutes an experiment for which form of selection and molecular target (voltage-gated sodium channels) are both known. As predicted, differential pyrethroid selection on tobacco budworm populations generated significant geographic heterogeneity in sodium channel marker allele frequencies, compared with arbitrary loci.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taylor, M F -- Shen, Y -- Kreitman, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 1;270(5241):1497-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7491497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alleles ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Genes, Insect ; Genetic Markers ; Insecticide Resistance ; Insecticides/pharmacology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Moths/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Pyrethrins/pharmacology ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sodium Channels/*genetics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We suggest a new design of rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) logic circuits which is based on a single superconducting layer and does not require a superconducting ground plane. Small inductances of about 10 pH, obligatory for RSFQ circuits, are formed as narrow slits of widths comparable to the London penetration depth ((approximately-equal-to)0.15 μm). The design allows us to decrease the geometric size of the RSFQ cell. Test circuits with YBaCuO grain boundary junctions on asymmetric 32° Y– ZrO2 bicrystals were used to measure the slit inductance per unit length and the mutual inductance of neighboring slits. A typical inductance of a 0.4 μm slit was found to be 0.7–0.8 pH/μm. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2081-2083 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We have fabricated and tested integrated magnetometers based on the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The magnetometer consists of two patterned films of YBa2Cu3O7, separated by an insulating layer of SrTiO3. A multiturn input coil was integrated on top of the SQUID, where the misorientation angle in a SrTiO3 bicrystal substrate was used to form the grain boundary junctions. The noise spectrum was characterized at 77 K and showed that above 10 Hz the magnetometer sensitivity is limited by a white noise level of around 4×10−5 Φ0/Hz1/2. In the 4 mm × 4 mm detection area of the input coil, this translates into a magnetic field sensitivity of 320 fT/ Hz1/2 at 100 Hz. Compared to the theoretical value of an optimized SQUID the white noise level of the magnetometer is two times higher. Below 10 Hz the noise is dominated by 1/f noise mainly due to the critical current fluctuations. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archiv der Mathematik 64 (1995), S. 353-358 
    ISSN: 1420-8938
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Schlagwort(e): in situ catalysis ; propylene hydrogenation ; STM ; SFG
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Sum frequency generation (SFG), using non-linear laser optics, detects vibrational spectra of submonolayer amounts of adsorbates with excellent energy and time resolution. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STM) is sensitive to the atomic surface structure; readily imaging defects, steps and kinks as well as stationary adsorbed species. Both of these techniques can be used during reactions at high pressures and temperatures to obtain molecular information in situ. We report studies of propylene hydrogenation over Pt(111) crystal surfaces at atmospheric pressures and 300 K using SFG and STM. Four surface species (2-propyl, π-bonded propylene, di σ-bonded propylene, and propylidyne) were identified; the first two being implicated as reaction intermediates. The platinum surface structure remains unchanged during the reaction, consistent with the structure insensitive nature of olefin hydrogénation. Propylene decomposition induced substantial surface reconstruction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 82 (1995), S. 477-478 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 82 (1995), S. 477-478 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 377-384 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.65. - k ; 78.66.Qn ; 82.30.Qt
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Studies on the dynamic behaviours of laser-induced gratings through two-photon absorption and single-photon absorption were carried out in an azobenzene-doped PMMA film. The experimental results exposed the structures of energy levels and the relaxation between them, in which different lifetimes of the triplet states of trans and cis isomers of azobenzene molecule were recognized. The temporal characteristics of the diffracted signal from the induced-gratings showed also the dynamic processes of the photoisomerization reaction between two isomers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 29 (1995), S. 174-179 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced biochemical changes were characterized in male, CD-1 mouse testes. CdCl2 inhibited the testes microsomal Na–, K–-ATPase activity in vitro and in vivo. The inhibitory range was 30–50 μm and the concentration for half maximal inhibition (IC50 value) was 90 μm over 5 min preincubation. CdCl2 (2mg/kg/day, s.c.) for 2 days significantly inhibited testes Na–, K–-ATPase (near 90% inhibition). The content of testicular GSH and the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH)/GSSG (oxidized glutathione) decreased in CdCl2-treated groups. Using salicylate as a trapping agent and high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LCED), we measured the OH production in vivo. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA) and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) as indices of hydroxyl free radical formation significantly increased after 5 days CdCl2 exposure. Pretreatment with vitamin E (20 mg/kg, s.i.d., i.m., 7d) protected CdCl2-induced increase in OH generation in testes. From this study, it was demonstrated that CdCl2 induced testicular toxicity could possibly be mediated by a significant increase in hydroxyl free radical formation and a reduction in GSH content and Na–, K–-ATPase activity. Vitamin E seems to prevent the CdCl2 induced increase in hydroxyl free radical generation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 41 (1995), S. 665-670 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Surface modification ; Deactivation ; Silica particles ; Stationary phases ; Packing materials ; Packed capillary columns
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Spherical porous silica particles (10 μm diameter, 300 Å and 80 Å pores), spherical nonporous silica particles (10 μm diameter), and irregular porous silica particles (≈10 μm diameter, 80 Å pores) were deactivated with polymethylhydrosiloxane (PS). The surface activities of the deactivated silica particles were investigated using various polar compounds under supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) conditions (neat CO2), and compared with a commercial C18-bonded phase. The small pore (80 Å) silica particles could be more completely deactivated than larger pore (300 Å) and nonporous silica particles. The success of the PS deactivation method is ascribed to the excellent match between the reactive groups on the polymer backbone and the silica surface, and the formation of a highly crosslinked polymeric layer over the surface. Physical processes, such as adsorption and desorption of the deactivation reagent on the surface and diffusion from the surface, were found to have important effects on the deactivation. Using capillary columns packed with PS deactivated silica particles, typical polar organic compounds, including hydroxyl-containing compounds, carbonyl-containing compounds, free amines, and free carboxylic acids, were separated by SFC and compared with results from a commercial C18-bonded phase. While the results clearly show that the PS deactivated particles were more inert than the C18-bonded phase, better deactivation methods are still needed for separation of free acids and alkylamines.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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