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  • 1
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    A laccase associated with lignification in loblolly pine xylem (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-04-30
    Description: Peroxidase has been thought to be the only enzyme that oxidizes monolignol precursors to initiate lignin formation in plants. A laccase was purified from cell walls of differentiating xylem of loblolly pine and shown to coincide in time and place with lignin formation and to oxidize monolignols to dehydrogenation products in vitro. These results suggest that laccase participates in lignin biosynthesis and therefore could be an important target for genetic engineering to modify wood properties or to improve the digestibility of forage crops.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bao, W -- O'malley, D M -- Whetten, R -- Sederoff, R R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Apr 30;260(5108):672-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17812228" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Effect of platelet-associated virus on assays of HIV-1 in plasma (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-12-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, T H -- Stromberg, R R -- Henrard, D -- Busch, M P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Dec 3;262(5139):1585-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8248811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blood Platelets/*microbiology ; HIV-1/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Plasma/*microbiology ; RNA, Viral/blood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Photon emission at molecular resolution induced by a scanning tunneling microscope (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-11-26
    Description: The tip-surface region of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) emits light when the energy of the tunneling electrons is sufficient to excite luminescent processes. These processes provide access to dynamic aspects of the local electronic structure that are not directly amenable to conventional STM experiments. From monolayer films of carbon-60 fullerenes on gold(110) surfaces, intense emission is observed when the STM tip is placed above an individual molecule. The diameter of this emission spot associated with carbon-60 is approximately 4 angstroms. These results demonstrate the highest spatial resolution of light emission to date with a scanning probe technique.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berndt, R -- Gaisch, R -- Gimzewski, J K -- Reihl, B -- Schlittler, R R -- Schneider, W D -- Tschudy, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Nov 26;262(5138):1425-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17736824" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Heterologous protection against influenza by injection of DNA encoding a viral protein (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-03-19
    Description: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific for conserved viral antigens can respond to different strains of virus, in contrast to antibodies, which are generally strain-specific. The generation of such CTLs in vivo usually requires endogenous expression of the antigen, as occurs in the case of virus infection. To generate a viral antigen for presentation to the immune system without the limitations of direct peptide delivery or viral vectors, plasmid DNA encoding influenza A nucleoprotein was injected into the quadriceps of BALB/c mice. This resulted in the generation of nucleoprotein-specific CTLs and protection from a subsequent challenge with a heterologous strain of influenza A virus, as measured by decreased viral lung titers, inhibition of mass loss, and increased survival.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ulmer, J B -- Donnelly, J J -- Parker, S E -- Rhodes, G H -- Felgner, P L -- Dwarki, V J -- Gromkowski, S H -- Deck, R R -- DeWitt, C M -- Friedman, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Mar 19;259(5102):1745-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Research, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8456302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Viral/*genetics/therapeutic use ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Immunization ; Influenza A virus/*genetics/immunology/isolation & purification ; Lung/microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscles/metabolism ; Nucleoproteins/*genetics/*immunology ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/microbiology/*prevention & control ; Plasmids ; *RNA-Binding Proteins ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; Transfection ; Viral Core Proteins/*genetics/*immunology ; Viral Vaccines/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 5
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    High-resolution conformation of gramicidin A in a lipid bilayer by solid-state NMR (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-09-10
    Description: Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of uniformly aligned preparations of gramicidin A in lipid bilayers has been used to elucidate a high-resolution dimeric structure of the cation channel conformation solely on the basis of the amino acid sequence and 144 orientational constraints. This initial structure defines the helical pitch as single-stranded, fixes the number of residues per turn at six to seven, specifies the helix sense as right-handed, and identifies the hydrogen bonds. Refinement of this initial structure yields reasonable hydrogen-bonding distances with only minimal changes in the torsion angles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ketchem, R R -- Hu, W -- Cross, T A -- AI-23007/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Sep 10;261(5127):1457-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7690158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Gramicidin/*chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Lipid Bilayers/*chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Structure, Secondary
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  • 6
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    Domain structures in langmuir-blodgett films investigated by atomic force microscopy (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-01-08
    Description: Investigations of phase-separated Langmuir-Blodgett films by atomic force microscopy reveal that on a scale of 30 to 200 micrometers, these images resemble those observed by fluorescence microscopy. Fine structures (less than 1 micrometer) within the stearic acid domains were observed, which cannot be seen by conventional optical microscopic techniques. By applying the force modulation technique, it was found that the elastic properties of the domains in the liquid condensed phase and grains observed within the liquid expanded phase were comparable. Small soft residues in the domains could also be detected. The influence of trace amounts of a fluorescence dye on the micromorphology of monolayers could be detected on transferred films.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chi, L F -- Anders, M -- Fuchs, H -- Johnston, R R -- Ringsdorf, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jan 8;259(5092):213-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17790988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Pressure-induced Amorphization of R-Al5Li3Cu: A Structural Relation Among Amorphous Metals, Quasi-Crystals, and Curved Space (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-04-09
    Description: A central question in the study of amorphous materials is the extent to which they are ordered. When the crystalline intermetallic R-Al(5)Li(3)Cu is compressed to 23.2 gigapascals at ambient temperature, an amorphous phase is produced whose order can be described as defects in a curved-space crystal. This result supports a structural relation between quasi-crystals and amorphous metals based on icosahedral ordering. This result also shows that a metallic crystal can be made amorphous by compression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Winters, R R -- Hammack, W S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Apr 9;260(5105):202-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17807181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Rescue of signaling by a chimeric protein containing the cytoplasmic domain of CD45 (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-04-23
    Description: Surface expression of the CD45 tyrosine phosphatase is essential for the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) to couple optimally with its second messenger pathways. CD45 may be required to dephosphorylate a TCR-activated protein tyrosine kinase, which then transduces an activation signal from the TCR. A chimeric molecule that contained extracellular and transmembrane sequences from an allele of a major histocompatibility class I molecule and cytoplasmic sequences of CD45 restored TCR signaling in a CD45-deficient mutant T cell line. Thus, expression of the complex extracellular domain of CD45 is not required for the TCR to couple to its signaling machinery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hovis, R R -- Donovan, J A -- Musci, M A -- Motto, D G -- Goldman, F D -- Ross, S E -- Koretzky, G A -- CA56050-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA56843-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Apr 23;260(5107):544-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8475387" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, CD45/genetics/*metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Inositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Second Messenger Systems ; *Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*metabolism ; Transfection ; Tyrosine/metabolism
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  • 9
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    The Ischigualasto Tetrapod Assemblage (Late Triassic, Argentina) and 40Ar/39Ar Dating of Dinosaur Origins (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-05-07
    Description: (40)Ar/(39)Ar dating of sanidine from a bentonite interbedded in the Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina yielded a plateau age of 227.8 +/- 0.3 million years ago. This middle Carnian age is a direct calibration of the Ischigualasto tetrapod assemblage, which includes some of the best known early dinosaurs. This age shifts last appearances of Ischigualasto taxa back into the middle Carnian, diminishing the magnitude of the proposed late Carnian tetrapod extinction event. By 228 million years ago, the major dinosaurian lineages were established, and theropods were already important constituents of the carnivorous tetrapod guild in the Ischigualasto-Villa Union Basin. Dinosaurs as a whole remained minor components of tetrapod faunas for at least another 10 million years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rogers, R R -- Swisher, C C 3rd -- Sereno, P C -- Monetta, A M -- Forster, C A -- Martinez, R N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 May 7;260(5109):794-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17746113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 10
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    A ;model minority' speaks out on cultural shyness (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-11-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoy, R R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Nov 12;262(5136):1117-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17782065" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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