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  • Column liquid chromatography  (46)
  • Rat
  • Springer  (51)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Elsevier
  • 1990-1994  (51)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1993  (51)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (51)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Elsevier
Years
  • 1990-1994  (51)
  • 1985-1989
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sustained release of salmon calcitonin in vivo from lactide: Glycolide copolymer depots (1993)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 52 (1993), S. 361-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcitonin ; Sustained release ; Copolymer depot ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Studies were carried out to determine whether monolithic depot formulations, prepared using lactide:glycolide copolymers, could be used to administer salmon calcitonin (sCT) to rats in vivo. Formulations containing 2, 5, or 10% (w/w) sCT were administered subcutaneously to female Wistar strain rats. Release of sCT was determined by measurement of peptide in plasma using a specific radioimmunoassay and by measurement of residual sCT in the depots after recovery at postmortem. Plasma calcium concentrations and cumulative weight gain of the animals were used to measure pharmacological effects of the released sCT. Release of sCT from the depots was controlled by the copolymer and was sustained for periods up to 10 days. However, the release of sCT from the depots did not significantly alter plasma calcium concentrations, and effects on cumulative weight gain were small and transient. Peptide loading of the formulations was shown to modify sCT release. Maximal release of sCT from depots containing 10% peptide occurred over a 7 to 14-day period postadministration, with 5% sCT release occurred between days 11 and 14, and with 2% sCT, the period of maximal release was between days 11 and 18. Release of peptide from the depots was essentially complete by 21 days postadministration irrespective of the peptide loading. These data suggest that lactide:glycolide copolymer depots may have application for the convenient clinical administration of sCT in metabolic bone diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310200
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative structure chromatography relationships in reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography: Prediction of retention behaviour using theoretically derived molecular properties (1993)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 37 (1993), S. 241-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Pattern recognition ; Principal components ; Multiple linear regressions ; M.O. properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The use of theoretically calculated molecular properties as predictors for retention in reversed-phase HPLC has been explored. HPLC retention times have been measured for a series of 47 substituted aromatic molecules in three solvent mixtures and steric and electronic properties of these compounds have been derived using semi-empirical molecular orbital and empirical theoretical methods. A subset of the experimental data (a training set) was used to derive property-retention time relationships and the remaining data were then used to test the predictive capability of the methods. Good retention time prediction was possible using derived regression equations for individual solvents and after including solvent parameters it was possible to predict retention for all solvents using a single equation. This method showed that the most useful properties were calculated log P and the calculated dipole moment of the solutes, and the calculated solvent polarisability. In addition, 90% of the data were used to train an artificial neural network and the remaining 10% of the data used to test the network; excellent prediction was obtained, the neural network approach being as successful as the regression analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02278628
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis ofAllium sulfur amino acids by HPLC after derivatization (1993)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 36 (1993), S. 347-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Allium ; Derivatization ; S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides ; Sulfur amino acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Two pre-column derivatization procedures coupled with reversed phase HPLC have been compared for the analysis ofS-Alk(en)yl0L-cysteine sulfoxides in variousAllium species. In order to establish external standards some (+/-) sulfoxides were synthesized, using a new method to enhance asymmetric synthesis of the diastereoisomers. The first derivatization method is the formation ofo-phthaldialdehyde/tert.-butylthiol derivatives which can be analyzed using UV detection. The second, presently used for amino acid analysis, is the Waters Pico-Tag method, which employs phenylisothiocyanate as derivatization reagent. As the Pico-Tag method was found to be the most efficient for determination ofS-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides it was used to determine the alliin content of various samples of garlic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02263889
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collaborative study of the analysis of chlortetracycline by liquid chromatography on octylsilyl silica gel (1993)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 37 (1993), S. 640-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Chlortetracycline ; Reversed-phase silical gel ; C8 bonded phase ; Collaborative study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary An established method for the analysis of chlortetracycline by liquid chromatography using octylsilylated silica gel as the stationary phase was examined in a multicentre study involving five laboratories and a total of six columns. Three chlortetracycline hydrochloride samples were analysed. The main component and the impurities were determined. An analysis of variance, treating each column as a different laboratory, showed an absence of consistent between-laboratory bias and the presence of a significant laboratory-sample interaction. The repeatability and the reproducibility of the method, expressed as relative standard deviations of the result of the determination of chlortetracycline hydrochloride, were calculated to be 0.9% and 1.1% respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02274116
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enantiomeric resolution ofN-alkyl-N-methylanilineN-oxides by high-performance liquid chromatography (1993)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 37 (1993), S. 487-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Chiralcel OD ; N-Alkyl-N-methylanilineN-oxide enantiomers ; Chiral nitrogen centre ; Flavin-containing monooxygenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the resolution of the enantiomers of a series ofN-alkyl-N-methylanilineN-oxides is reported. The resolutions were achieved using a Chiralcel, OD chiral stationary-phase with a mobile-phase of hexane and ethanol in varying proportions. The chromatographic order of elution of the enantiomers ofN-ethyl-N-methylanilineN-oxide was determined to be (+)-(R) before (−)-(S).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02275784
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of temperature and mobile phase composition effects for bonded liquid crystal and polymeric stationary phases in HPLC (1993)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 35 (1993), S. 85-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Bonded liquid crystals ; Polymeric stationary phases ; Variable temperature studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Using two polycyclyic aromatic hydrocarbons as solutes, a comparison is made between a bonded liquid crystal stationary phase and a conventional polymeric C-18 phase. The bonded nematic liquid crystal phase was the silanized form of 4-[4-(allyloxy)benzoyl-oxy]biphenyl and the polymeric phase was Vydac 201TP. Both phases display shape and planarity selectivity as indicated by the results of the variable temperature and mobile phase composition studies. The slot theory of retention can be used to explain these results. However, the liquid crystal phase is more sensitive to molecular geometry, probably due to its more ordered structure on the surface. Variable temperature experiments which compare retention during both heating and cooling provides additional support for this conclusion. With the polymeric bonded C-18 phase, each solute had identical retention at the same temperature during both the heating and cooling cycles. On the bonded liquid crystal phase, measurable differences in retention were observed at identical temperatures depending on whether the column was heated or cooled. This effect is attributed to a degree of partially reversible disordering which occurs as the column temperature was increased. However, conditioning with the appropriate mobile phase can restore the original retention characteristics of the bonded liquid crystal phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02278561
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of totally automated on-line sample clean up for prostanoid extraction and HPLC separation (1993)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 36 (1993), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Prostaglandins ; C18 Solid phase extraction ; Radioimmunoanalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study has been the evaluation of an automated system for on-line sample preparation using solid phase extraction and HPLC purification for the measurement of prostanoids in urine. We have established the optimum precolumn and column conditions for this analysis. The manual extraction —HPLC procedure furnishes lower recoveries and higher coefficients of variation than those obtained by the automated on-line procedure. The automated system has been applied to prostanoid analysis of human urine samples from subjects exposed to lead.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02263832
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The chromatographic properties of a mixed-bed stationary phase combining reversed-phase and strong anion exchange properties (1993)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 37 (1993), S. 60-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Mixed-bed columns ; Mixed-mode chromatography ; Drug metabolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The feasibility of using columns prepared by mixing together ion exchange and reversed-phase packing materials, for the simultaneous separation of ionised and unionised molecules, has been examined using a range of test solutes. Columns prepared in this way showed chromatographic properties which were intermediate between those of the individual phases. The dual nature of the retention mechanism allowed the retention of ionisable molecules to be adjusted using pH whilst that of uncharged compounds was unaffected. The simultaneous chromatography of model compounds and their glucuronide, sulphate and glycine conjugates, under a variety of conditions, was demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02272190
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postprandial thermogenesis of rats with glutamate induced obesity in relation to energy intake (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 32 (1993), S. 71-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Rat ; glutamate-induced obesity ; postprandial thermogenesis ; Ratte ; Glutamat-induzierte Adipositas ; postprandiale Thermogenese
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 4 Monate alten Ratten mit Glutamat-induzierter Adipositas wurde die postprandiale Thermogenese über 8 h nach Fütterung von 300, 450 und 600 kJ/kg0,75 einer Pellet-Diät mittels indirekter Kalorimetrie in computergesteuerten Stoffwechselkäfigen mit offenem Kreislauf bestimmt. Bei den adipösen Tieren war die postprandiale Thermogenese nach Aufnahme von 600 kJ/kg0,75 (oberhalb des Energieerhaltungsbedarfs) signifikant auf 40% der Thermogenese der Kontrolltiere reduziert (12,0 gegenüber 31,5 kJ/kg0,75×8 h). Es wird geschlußfolgert, daß die Ratte mit Glutamat-induzierter Adipositas als ein Tiermodell mit beeinträchtigter fakultativer Thermogenese anzusehen ist, die hauptsächlich durch eine Verminderung der sympathischen adrenergen Aktivität verursacht ist.
    Notes: Summary Postprandial thermogenesis was estimated in 4-month-old male rats with glutamate induced obesity after being fed with 300, 450 and 600 kJ/kg0.75 of a pellet diet, respectively by indirect calorimetry in computer-controlled open circuit metabolic cages over 8 h. After an intake of 600 kJ/kg0.75 (above the maintenance energy requirement) postprandial thermogenesis was significantly reduced in the obese animals to about 40% of control rats (12.0 versus 31.5 kJ/kg0.75×8 h). It is concluded that the glutamate obese rat can be accepted as an animal model with impaired facultative thermogenesis, mainly caused by a reduction of sympathetic adrenergic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01610087
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of the aminobisphosphonate alendronate on thyroid hormone-induced osteopenia in rats (1993)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 53 (1993), S. 278-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Hyperthyroidism ; Osteopenia ; Bisphosphonate ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Hyperthyroidism, either endogenous or iatrogenic, leads to increased bone turnover and osteopenia. This study was conducted to examine (1) whether thyroid hormone excess in rats causes bone changes similar to those seen in patients with hyperthyroidism, and (2) the effects of the aminobisphosphonate alendronate on the thyroid hormone-induced bone changes. Sprague-Dawley male rats, divided into four groups, received L-thyroxine (T4) 250 μg/kg/day (+T4) or vehicle (-T4) subcutaneously six times per week and alendronate 1.75 mg/kg (+ALN) or vehicle (-ALN) orally twice a week. Rats were sacrificed after 3 weeks of treatment, blood samples were analyzed for serum T4, triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), and osteocalcin, and the proximal tibiae were processed for histomorphometric analysis. Serum T4 and T3 levels measured 20–24 hours after the last injection were 2 to 2.5-fold higher in +T4 groups than in-T4 groups. Serum osteocalcin was significantly (P 〈 0.05) higher in +T4/-ALN group than in the other groups, which were not statistically different from each other. T4 treatment (+T4/-ALN) significantly decreased the amount of cancellous bone volume (-45%) and increased osteoid surface (+254%), osteoblast surface (+111%), and osteoclast surface (+176%) relative to control values. Alendronate increased the bone volume above control values in both T4-treated (+ T4/ +ALN) and untreated (-T4/ +ALN) rats, and prevented the T4-induced increase in bone turnover in +T4/+ALN rats. It is concluded that (1) excess thyroid hormone induces cancellous bone loss associated with high bone turnover in the rat, and (2) this bone loss can be prevented by alendronate through the inhibition of osteoclastic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01320914
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