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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,905)
  • Cambridge University Press
  • 1990-1994  (2,249)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1955-1959
  • 1993  (1,066)
  • 1992  (1,183)
Collection
Keywords
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  • 1990-1994  (2,249)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1955-1959
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopy in solid state science (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 24 (1993), S. 299-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: STEM ; PEELS ; HAADFI ; Nanolithography ; Super-resolution ; STM ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The Microstructural Physics group at the Cavendish Laboratory is actively involved in a considerable number of research projects which cover a broad range of materials science. In this paper, we describe briefly several such projects, with particular emphasis given to the application of parallel-detection electron energy loss spectroscopy (PEELS) on a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to the analysis of materials such as stainless steels, catalysts, and high temperature superconductors. In addition, we describe a number of related projects that are currently being carried out in the group, particularly those which utilise and develop novel STEM imaging and analytical techniques. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070240404
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Engineering cellulase mixtures by varying the mole fraction of Thermomonospora fusca E5 and E3, Trichoderma reesei CBHI, and Caldocellum saccharolyticum β-glucosidase (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 1019-1028 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Caldocellum saccharolyticum ; cellulose ; binding ; β-glucosidase ; hydrolysis ; mole fraction ; synergism ; Thermomonospora fusca ; Trichoderma reesei ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this study, different mole fractions of pure Thermomonospora fusca E5 and E3, plus Trichoderma reesei CBHI were studied for reducing sugar production at 2 h, degree of synergism, and cellulose binding. In addition, the effects of introducing the Caldocellum saccharolyticum β-glucosidase into this cellulase system were investigated. The cellulases used were purified to homogeneity. Avicel PH 102 (4% w/w solution in 0.05 sodium acetate pH 5.5 buffer) was the substrate. Reactions were run at 50°C for 2 h using total cellulase concentrations of 8.3 or 12.2 μM. A bimixture of T. fusca E3 and T. reesei CBHI was very effective in hydrolyzing microcrystalline cellulose (9.1% conversion). The addition of endoglucanase E5 to the mixture only increased conversion to 9.8%. However, when both E5 and β-glucosidase were added, conversion increased to 14%. It was also observed that increasing total cellulase concentration beyond 8.3 μM did little to increase percent conversion of cellulose into glucose. The results of the binding studies indicate no competition for binding sites between the endo- and exocellulases. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420902
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chain orientation and anisotropies in optical and dielectric properties in thin films of stiff polyimides (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 30 (1992), S. 1321-1327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polyimides. stiff, optical and dielectric properties in their films of ; optical anisotropy and chain orientation stiff polyimide thin films ; dielectric properties of stiff polyimide thin films ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Thin films of poly(p-phenylene biphenyltetracarboximide) (BPDA-PDA), prepared by thermal imidization of the precursor poly(amic acid) on substrates, have been investigated by optical waveguide, ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS), infrared (IR), and dielectric spectroscopies. The polyimide films exhibit an extraordinarily large anisotropy in the refractive indices with the in-plane index n∥ = 1.806 and the out-of-plane index n⊥ = 1.589 at 1064 nm wavelength. No discernible effect of the film thickness on this optical anisotropy is found between films of ca. 2.1 and ca. 7.8 μm thickness. This large birefringence is attributed to the preferential orientation of the biphenyltetracarboximide moieties with their planes parallel to the film surface, coupled with the strong preference of BPDA-PDA chains to align along the film plane. The frequency dispersion of the in-plane refractive index n∥ is consistent with the results calculated by the Lorentz-Lorenz equation from the UV-visible spectrum exhibiting several absorption bands in the 170-500 nm region. The contribution from the IR absorption in the range 7000-400 cm,-1 computed by the Spitzer-Kleinmann dispersion relations from the measured spectra, adds ca. 0.046 to the in-plane refractive index n∥. Tilt-angle-dependent polarized IR results indicate nearly the same increase for the out-of-plane index n⊥. Application of the Maxwell relation then leads to the out-of-plane dielectric constant ε⊥ ≃ 2.7 at 1.2 × 1013 Hz, as compared with the measured value of ca. 3.0 at 106 Hz. Assuming this small difference to remain the same for the in-plane dielectric constants ε∥, we obtain a very large anisotropy in the dielectric properties of these polyimide films with the estimated in-plane dielectric constant ε∥ ≃ 3.4 at 1.2 × 1013 Hz, and ε∥ ≃ 3.7 at 106 Hz. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1992.090301203
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal ion concentrations in retrieved polyethylene total hip inserts and implications for artifactually high readings in tissue (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 27 (1993), S. 1349-1355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Although there are many studies which document high metal ion concentrations in clinically retrieved tissues surrounding total joint replacements, most investigations have remained cautious in their interpretation due to the artifactual influences of metal particulate.The possible contribution of polyethylene wear debris to artifactually high periprosthetic metal ion concentration readings has not been previously considered. This study documents the potential role of polyethylene particulate contamination in causing artifactually high metal concentration readings in tissues.The data showed metal ion contamination in the polyethylene was progressive at each stage of exposure to metal: from bar stock preparation, to manufacturing, to in vivo ambulation. The manufacturing and machining processes showed a statistically significant (P ≤ .05) increase in metal ion concentrations in the nonarticulated acetabular inserts over bar stock.The results of this study demonstrate that periprosthetic tissue and synovial fluid metal ion concentration data must be interpreted with caution due to possible artifactual problems associated with metal ion contaminated polyethylene particulate. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820271102
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variations between Biomer™ lots. I. Significant differences in the surface chemistry of two lots of a commercial poly(ether urethane) (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 26 (1992), S. 273-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: We have studied the surface chemistry of two lots of Biomer™ (BSP067 and BSUAOOl), and widely used commercial poly(ether urethane) (PEU). Although transmission infrared adsorption studies revealed no differences in the bulk chemistry of the two lots, the surface chemistry, as seen by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), was different. Lot BSP067 showed softsegment enrichment at the surface, which is typical of PEU. Lot BSUAOOl showed no evidence of either hard- or soft-segment PEU components at the surface. The surface of this lot was completely covered with a nonextractable additive identified as poly(diisopropy1 amino ethyl methacrylate). Small amounts of a low-molecular-weight antioxidant were observed at the surface of both samples. Because the biological response to polymers is dependent on surface structure, these results are of considerable importance to biomaterials research.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820260302
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation of surface segregation in magnetron-sputtered NbSi using UPS and AES (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 19 (1992), S. 23-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Films of amorphous NbSi prepared by magnetron sputtering were found to have a higher concentration of silicon at the surface than in the bulk material. In this paper we report on measurements of both ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy carried out on samples prepared in situ at the UK Synchrotron Radiation Source, Daresbury. Spectr taken immediately after sputter deposition show that the surface is rich in silicon, while following argon ion bombardment the bulk composition is slowly revealed with a much greater concentration of niobium. This is observed by a comparison of the relative heights of peaks in the Auger spectra and by resonance effects and the sharpening of the Fermi edge in the UP spectra. Of particular interest are changes around the metal-insulator transition that occur at approximately 11 at.% niobium.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740190108
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A posteriori pointwise upper bound error estimates in the finite element method (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 36 (1993), S. 1279-1298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An error estimate for the finite element method is presented in this paper. The error is identified as the response to a set of residual forces, and a complementary analysis provides an upper bound estimate of the global energy of the error. The inequality proposed by Babuška and Miller1 is then employed to bound the error in stress and displacement at a point. The formula is derived for two-dimensional elasticity, but the procedure is general; and can be applied to three-dimensional and other problems. Numerical experiments using the procedure are carried out and the results are given for the four-node bilinear compatible element and plane stress.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620360803
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate differentially regulates cell proliferation in low and high alkaline phosphatase SaOS-2 human osteosarcoma cells: Evidence for mediation by the insulin-like growth factor-II system (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 156 (1993), S. 462-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the present study, we have sought to determine whether a given signal transduction pathway can have diverse effects on subpopulations of cells of a lineage depending upon the stage of differentiation. To test this hypothesis, we selected the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signal transduction pathway because of its recognized importance in mediating the actions of many hormones, e.g., parathyroid hormone which acts on the bone-forming cells, the osteoblasts. Subpopulations of human osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells with low (LSaOS) and high (HSaOS) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) content were chosen as model systems for preosteoblasts (pre-OB) and osteoblasts (OB), respectively. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP) treatment of serum free cultures produced a differential effect on the proliferation of LSaOS cells (40 ± 5% of control at 1 mM DBcAMP, P 〈 0.001) compared with HSaOS cells (no statistically significant effect). The finding supports the hypothesis. Next, we sought evidence for mediation, at least in part, by the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II regulatory system. We report that the basal expression of IGF-II, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3, and IGFBP-4 was higher in LSaOS cells than in HSaOS cells with the opposite true for type I IGF receptor. DBcAMP treatment of LSaOS cells decreased IGF-II and IGFBP-3 but increased IGFBP-4 and type I IGF receptor; no effect was observed for the type II IGF receptors. DBcAMP treatment of HSaOS cells had no detectable effect on IGF-II; IGFBP-3, or type I and type II IGF receptor expression; only IGFBP-4 expression increased with DBcAMP. These observations suggest that the differential regulation of cell proliferation by the cAMP signal transduction pathway may be mediated, at least in part, by the IGF-II regulatory system. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041560305
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heparin inhibition of autonomous growth implicates amphiregulin as an autocrine growth factor for normal human mammary epithelial cells (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 153 (1992), S. 103-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) proliferate in a serum-free defined growth medium in the absence of epidermal growth factor (Li and Shipley, 1991). Amphiregulin (AR) is a heparin-regulated, EGF-like growth factor. Our observation that one strain of HMECs produce AR mRNA (Cook et al., 1991a) stimulated us to determine whether AR expression was a common phenomenon in HMECs and whether AR could act as an autocrin growth factor to support the EGF-independent growth of these cells. In this study, we detected high levels of AR expression in four separate HMEC strains while one immortal mammary cell line (HBL-100) and six mammary tumor-derived cell lines had low to undetectable levels of AR. The EGF-indendent growth of HMECs was blocked by the addition of heparin or a monoclonal anti-RGF receptors antibody to the culture medium, implication AR as an autocrine growth mediator. This hypothesis is further supported by the fact that medium conditioned by HMECs contains secreted AR protein. A mammary tumor-derived cell line, Hs578T, which proliferates in an EGF-independent manner, does not express detectable levels of AR and is not growth inhibited by heparin. Examination of the same cell types for expression of transforming growth factor type-alpha (TGF-α) mRNA revealed coordinate expression of AR and TGF-α in these cells. These data suggest that both AR and TGF-α mRNA are produced in much greater abundance by normal HMECs than in tumor-derived cells in culture, and that AR is an important autostimulatory factor for the growth of normal HMECs. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041530114
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disproportionation reactions between alkyl and fluoroalkyl radicals. VII. Difluoromethyl with perfluoro-n-propyl and methyl radicals (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 24 (1992), S. 735-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mixtures of 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoroacetone and perfluorodi-n-propyl ketone have been photolyzed together over the temperature range 50° to 200°C, and the disproportionation/combination ratio for n-C3F7 and CF2H radicals has been determined to be Δ(n-C3F7, CF2H) = 0.072 ± 0.003. A reevaluation of existing data on CH3 and CF2H radicals leads to a value of Δ(CH3, CF2H) = 0.35. The large variations in Δ for the reactions of alkyl and perfluoroalkyl radicals with CF2H radicals are discussed. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550240807
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