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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fragmentation of cellulose by the major Thermomonospora fusca cellulases, Trichoderma reesei CBHI, and their mixtures (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 1019-1026 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cellulases ; cellulose ; fragmentation ; hydrolysis ; synergism ; Thermomonospora fusca ; Trichoderma reesei ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this study, the fragmentation activities of Thermomonospora fusca cellulases E2, E3, E5, Trichoderma reesei CBHI, and their mixtures were measured to study synergism in fragmentation. Fragmentation studies revealed that only two pure cellulases, T. fusca E2 and E5 had significant fragmentation activity. T. fusca E3 shows strong synergism in fragmentation both in the production of reducing sugars and in fragmentation with both T. fusca endoglucananses and with T. reesei CBHI. Most mixtures containing CBHI produced higher rates of fragmentation than comparable mixtures containing E3. The highest rate and extent of reducing sugar formation and the highest fragmentation activity were obtained with a mixture of E2, E3, and CBHI. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260400905
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solute exclusion from cellulose in packed columns: Experimental investigation and pore volume measurements (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 218-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cellulose ; pore volume ; surface area ; solute exclusion ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A packed column approach was used in this investigation to determine pore volume and surface area distributions of several celluloses. Specific surface areas for Avicel PH 102, Solka Floc BW 300, and two size fractions of corn cobs that have been pretreated to remove lignin and hemicellulose were measured using this technique. In addition to measuring pore volume and specific surface area, the molecular diameters of several PEGs (polyethylene glycol) were estimated using viscosity measurements. Also, the influence of cellulose particle size, molecular diameter of PEGs, and PEG solution velocity on dispersion and tailing were investigated. Molecular diameter estimates from this investigation were 30%-35% lower than those reported in the literature. This discrepancy is due to earlier investigators using an inappropriate relationship for estimating molecular diameter from viscosity measurements. The precision of the column approach to solute exclusion was higher than that obtained by investigators using a batch approach. Dispersion increased with increasing particle size. Tailing of the elution curve was increased with increasing solute molecular diameter and elution rate. For a cellulase with a molecular diameter of 5.1 nm, estimated specific surface area ranged from 7.2 to 10.5 m2 g-1.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260400205
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solute exclusion from cellulose in packed columns: Process modeling and analysis (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 226-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cellulose ; solute exclusion ; modeling ; surface area ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this investigation, process modeling and analysis were used to explore the behavior of solute exclusion from cellulose in packed columns. The study focused on modeling the effects of dispersion, mass transport, and pore diffusion. Three mathematical models were used to predict the behavior of the columns: an equilibrium model, a mass transfer model, and a combined mass transfer and pore diffusion model. Computer implementations of these models were tested against experimental conditions where cellulose particle size and solution velocity were used to either amplify or minimize dispersion or skewness in the elution curves. For small cellulose particles (200-300 mesh), all three models accurately predicted the shape of the elution curve and the particle porosity. For larger particles (45-60 mesh), the mass transfer model and the combined mass and pore diffusion model best represented the behavior of the column. At high solution velocities (0.63 cm3 min-1) and large particles, only the combined mass transfer and pore diffusion model accurately represent the column behavior. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the mass transfer coefficient had little effect on the elution curves for the range of values (10-6-10-3 cm s-1) calculated from the experimental data. The combined mass transfer and pore diffusion model presented in this article can be used to design solute exclusion measurement experiments for the larger cellulose particles found in a commercial cellulose-to-ethanol plant.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260400206
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Engineering cellulase mixtures by varying the mole fraction of Thermomonospora fusca E5 and E3, Trichoderma reesei CBHI, and Caldocellum saccharolyticum β-glucosidase (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 1019-1028 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Caldocellum saccharolyticum ; cellulose ; binding ; β-glucosidase ; hydrolysis ; mole fraction ; synergism ; Thermomonospora fusca ; Trichoderma reesei ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this study, different mole fractions of pure Thermomonospora fusca E5 and E3, plus Trichoderma reesei CBHI were studied for reducing sugar production at 2 h, degree of synergism, and cellulose binding. In addition, the effects of introducing the Caldocellum saccharolyticum β-glucosidase into this cellulase system were investigated. The cellulases used were purified to homogeneity. Avicel PH 102 (4% w/w solution in 0.05 sodium acetate pH 5.5 buffer) was the substrate. Reactions were run at 50°C for 2 h using total cellulase concentrations of 8.3 or 12.2 μM. A bimixture of T. fusca E3 and T. reesei CBHI was very effective in hydrolyzing microcrystalline cellulose (9.1% conversion). The addition of endoglucanase E5 to the mixture only increased conversion to 9.8%. However, when both E5 and β-glucosidase were added, conversion increased to 14%. It was also observed that increasing total cellulase concentration beyond 8.3 μM did little to increase percent conversion of cellulose into glucose. The results of the binding studies indicate no competition for binding sites between the endo- and exocellulases. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420902
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enrico Fermi shield-plug response to a 1000-Ib TNT accident (1963)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 3 (1963), S. 245-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The Enrico Fermi Atomic Power Plant—world's largest fast breeder—is a 100,000-kw facility currently nearing completion at Lagoona Beach, Mich. Access to the sodium-cooled core is provided by a 143-ton shield plug. The maximum credible nuclear accident for the Fermi reactor has been postulated not to exceed in violence the detonation of 1000 lb of TNT at the core location. This paper is addressed to predicting the structural response of Fermi to this maximum credible accident. Scaled charges of TNT (cased in molten sodium) were detonated in idealized models of the Fermi reactor. The results of these experiments together with available theory indicate that the accident would be contained in the reactor shielding complex but that the 143-ton shield plug, if unimpeded, might be propelled through the roof of the containment building. In response to the findings of this extensive study, the Fermi reactor will be equipped with an arrester that will prevent a hazardous plug jump in the unlikely event of a nuclear accident.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02325871
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  • 6
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    Enrico Fermi shield-plug response to a 1000-Ib TNT accident (1963)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1963-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-4851
    Electronic ISSN: 1741-2765
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
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    Regional Environmental Stratigraphy and Oil and Gas Potentials of Middle and Upper Ordovician of Tennessee: ABSTRACT (1976)
    American Association of Petroleum Geologists
    Details
    Publication Date: 1976-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0149-1423
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Association of Petroleum Geologists
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