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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sums of cubes of square-free numbers (1991)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Mathematik 111 (1991), S. 1-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5081
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Almost all positive integers may be represented as the sum of four cubes of positive square-free integers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01299273
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sums of cubes of square-free numbers II (1991)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Mathematik 112 (1991), S. 177-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5081
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Letr s (n) denote the number of representations ofn as the sum ofs cubes of square-free numbers. We prove an asymptotic formula forr s (n) and a strong lower bound forr 7 (n).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01297338
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential adaptation rates in a male moth's sex pheromone receptor neurons (1991)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 78 (1991), S. 517-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01131403
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection limits of organochlorine pesticides and related compounds in blood serum (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 47 (1991), S. 499-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01700936
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition of arithmetic expressions to improve the behavior of interval iteration for nonlinear systems (1991)
    Springer
    Computing 47 (1991), S. 169-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: Primary: 65H10 ; secondary: 65G10 ; Nonlinear algebraic systems ; interval arithmetic ; automatic differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Intervalliterationen können in Verbindung mit anderen Verfahren verwendet werden, um alle Lösungen eines nichlinearen Gleichungsystems in einem gegebenen Gebiet mit Sicherheit abzuschätzen, und auch um Approximationen der Lösungen solcher Systeme zu verifizieren. Die Abschätzungen in den Verfahren sind jedoch manchmal nicht hinreichend genau, da Überschätzungen in der Berechnung und in dem Gebrauch der Invervall-Jacobi Matrix auftreten. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Intervalliterationen auf einem erweiterten Gleichungssystem behandelt. In diesem System gibt es keine Überschätzungen der Einzelkomponenten der Intervall-Jacobi Matrix, und für die Nichtlinearitären können Abschätzungen angegeben werden. Anhand eines Beispiels wird die Wirkungsweise der behandelten Algorithmen demonstriert.
    Notes: Abstract Interval iteration can be used, in conjunction with other techniques, for rigorously bounding all solutions to a nonlinear system of equations within a given region, or for verifying approximate solutions. However, because of overestimation which occurs when the interval Jacobian matrix is accumulated and applied, straightforward linearization of the original nonlinear system sometimes leads to nonconvergent iteration. In this paper, we examine interval iterations based on an expanded system obtained from the intermediate quantities in the original system. In this system, there is no overestimation in entries of the interval Jacobi matrix, and nonlinearities can be taken into account to obtain sharp bounds. We present an example in detail, algorithms, and detailed experimental results obtained from applying our algorithms to the example.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02253433
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applications of the virtual charge model to the electronic structures and spectra of benzaldehyde and acetophenone (1991)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 122 (1991), S. 349-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Virtual charge model ; Electronic structures ; Electronic spectra ; CNDO/S-CI calculations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das „Virtual-Charge“-Modell (Tapia-Modell) im Zusammenhang mit der CNDO/S-CI-Näherung im Rahmen der SCF-MO-Theorie wurde zum Studium der Lösungsmitteleffekte auf die Elektronenstrukturen und Spektren von Benzaldehyd und Acetophenon herangezogen. Die CNDO/S-Rechnungen bei Anwesenheit von Solvens erlauben eine befriedigende Interpretation der Mediumeffekte auf Elektronenstrukturen und Spektren der untersuchten Verbindungen. Die aus MO-Rechnungen folgenden Voraussagen ergeben auf Basis des Tapia-Modells solvatochrome Verschiebungen für die n → π*- und π → π*-Übergänge. Die vorausgesagten Effekte stehen im Einklang mit den experimentell beobachteten Trends: Blauverschiebung für die n → π*-Bande und Rotverschiebung für die π → π*-Bande beim Wechsel von nichtpolarem zu polarem Lösungsmittel.
    Notes: Summary The virtual charge model (Tapia model) in conjunction with the CNDO/S-CI approximation in the frame of SCF-MO theory was employed to study the effects of solvent on the electronic structures and spectra of benzaldehyde and acetophenone molecules. The CNDO/S calculations in presence of solvation indicate a satisfactory interpretation of the medium effects on the electronic structures and spectra of the molecules investigated. The prediction of our MO calculations by means of the Tapia model concerning the solvochromic shifts of n → π* and π → π* transitions are in accord with the observed trends which indicate a blue shift for the n → π* band and a red shift for the π → π* band upon a change of solvent from non-polar to polar solvents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00809656
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lead exposure from conventional and cottage lead smelting in Jamaica (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 21 (1991), S. 65-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A survey was conducted to determine the distribution and determinants of environmental and blood lead levels near a conventional and several cottage lead smelters and to assess the relationship between environmental and blood lead levels in a tropical, developing-country setting. Fifty-eight households were studied in the Red Pond community, the site of the established smelter and several backyard smelters, and 21 households were studied in the adjacent, upwind Ebony Vale community in Saint Catherine Parish, Jamaica. Households were investigated, using questionnaires, soil and housedust lead measurements, and blood lead (PbB) measurements from 372 residents. Soil lead levels in Red Pond exceeded 500 parts per million (ppm) at 24% of households (maximum-18,600 ppm), compared to 0% in Ebony Vale (maximum 150 ppm). Geometric mean PbB in Red Pond, where 44% of children 〈6 years of age had PbB levels ≥ 25 micrograms per deciliter (μg/dL), was more than twice that Ebony Vale in all age groups (p 〈 0.0005). Within Red Pond, proximity to backyard smelters and to the conventional smelter were independent predictors of soil lead (p 〈 0.05). Soil lead was the strongest predictor of PbB among Red Pond subjects under 12 years of age. The blood lead-soil lead relationship in children differed from that reported in developed countries; blood lead levels were higher than expected for the household-specific soil lead levels that were observed. These data indicate that cottage lead smelters, like conventional ones, are a hazard for nearby residents and that children exposed to lead contamination in tropical, developing countries may be at higher risk for developing elevated blood lead levels than similarly-exposed children in developed countries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055558
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequent deletions at Xq28 indicate genetic heterogeneity in Hunter syndrome (1991)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 86 (1991), S. 505-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hunter syndrome is a human X-linked disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal exohydrolase iduronate-2-sulphatase (IDS). The consequent accumulation of the mucopolysaccharides dermatan sulphate and heparan sulphate, in the brain and other tissues, often results in death before adulthood. There is, however, a broad spectrum of severity that has been attributed to different mutations of the Hunter syndrome gene. We have used an IDS cDNA clone to localise the IDS gene to Xq28, distal to the fragile X mutation (FRAXA). One-third of Hunter syndrome patients had various deletions or rearrangements of their IDS gene, proving that different mutations are common in this condition. Deletions of the IDS gene can include a conserved locus that is tightly linked to FRAXA, suggesting that deletion of nearby genes may contribute to the variable clinical severity noted in Hunter syndrome. The cDNA clone was also shown to span the X chromosome breakpoint in a female Hunter syndrome patient with an X;autosome translocation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194643
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Condition and fecundity of the damselfly, Enallagma ebrium (Hagen): the importance of ectoparasites (1991)
    Springer
    Oecologia 86 (1991), S. 335-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Arrenurus ; Enallagma ; Mite ; Damselfly ; Host-parasite interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The extent, magnitude, and cause of natural covariation between degree of parasitism and other variables known or suspected of influencing host fitness (such as host age or body size) has been understudied. We demonstrate that degree of parasitism by larval water mites (Arrenurus spp.) was associated with reduced condition of males and with lowered fecundity of young females of the damselfly, Enallagma ebrium (Hagen) (Odonata: Coenagrionidae). We also demonstrate that degree of parasitism can covary with both age and size of host damselflies. We explain the putative causes of such natural covariation, and we suggest that degree of parasitism, host age, and host size can all interact to determine damselfly fitness. We expect that natural covariation between the host's phenotype and degree of parasitism will be frequently observed. Studies of such natural covariation will help researchers to assess better the importance of several variables on host reproductive success and to understand better the dynamics of host-parasite interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317598
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isograds in internally buffered systems without solid solutions: principles and examples (1991)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 106 (1991), S. 170-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Internal buffering is recognised as an important end-member process when considering the factors governing the composition of a fluid phase present in a rock during metamorphism. In such processes, the major isograd-forming reactions take place at intersections in T-XCO2 space. In P-T space, the trace of such intersections with changing pressure forms a univariant reaction along which the composition of the coexisting fluid phase changes. In this paper, it is demonstrated that the stoichiometry of these univariant reactions changes at singular points. These singularities are controlled by divariant reactions which liberate CO2 and/or H2O, and thus form degenerate univariant reactions in the complete chemical system. A series of phase diagrams illustrating these points is presented for ultrabasic, margarite-kyanite-clinozoisite and siliceous dolomite assemblages. These diagrams provide a complete description of potential isograd-forming reactions within each chemical system. P-T pseudosections are constructed for particular bulk compositions to illustrate the continuum between ‘externally controlled’ and internally buffered conditions and the effects of changes in fluid and solid phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306432
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