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  • Animals  (113)
  • Chemical Engineering  (60)
  • 2005-2009
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  • 1991  (173)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the editor (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 791-799 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690370517
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  • 2
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    Human immunodeficiency virus infection of human-PBL-SCID mice (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-02-15
    Description: Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood leukocytes (hu-PBL-SCID mice) have inducible human immune function and may be useful as a small animal model for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) research. Hu-PBL-SCID mice infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) contained virus that was recoverable by culture from the peritoneal cavity, spleen, peripheral blood, and lymph nodes for up to 16 weeks after infection; viral sequences were also detected by in situ hybridization and by amplification with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Mice could be infected with multiple strains of HIV-1, including LAV-1/Bru, IIIB, MN, SF2, and SF13. HIV-1 infection affected the concentration of human immunoglobulin and the number of CD4+ T cells in the mice. These results support the use of the hu-PBL-SCID mouse for studies of the pathogenesis and treatment of AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mosier, D E -- Gulizia, R J -- Baird, S M -- Wilson, D B -- Spector, D H -- Spector, S A -- AI-27703/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-29182/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 15;251(4995):791-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Immunology, Medical Biology Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1990441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Transfusion ; Chimera/*immunology ; *Disease Models, Animal ; *HIV Infections/immunology ; *HIV-1/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/genetics/*immunology ; Lymphocyte Transfusion ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains/*immunology ; Spleen/microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Genome maps 1991 [wall chart] (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chipperfield, M -- Maidek, M -- Pearson, P -- Ashburner, M -- Glover, D M -- Saunders, R D -- Duncan, I -- Hartl, D -- Merriam, J -- Lee, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 11;254(5029):247-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Genes ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Movement of neural activity on the superior colliculus motor map during gaze shifts (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-15
    Description: The superior colliculus contains neurons that cause displacements of the visual axis (gaze shifts). These cells are arranged topographically in a motor map on which the vector (amplitude and direction) of the coded movement varies continuously with location. How this spatial representation becomes a temporal code (frequency and duration) in the motoneurons is unknown. During a gaze shift, a zone of neural activity moved continuously on the map from an initial location, defining the vector of the desired gaze shift, to a final "zero" position containing neurons that were active during fixation. Thus, the spatial-temporal transformation may be accomplished by control of gaze throughout the spatial trajectory of activity on the motor map.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Munoz, D P -- Pelisson, D -- Guitton, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 15;251(4999):1358-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2003221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; *Eye Movements ; Oculomotor Muscles/innervation/physiology ; Superior Colliculi/*physiology ; Visual Perception/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In-situ monitoring of the resin transfer molding impregnation and cure process (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 56-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Resin transfer molding (RTM) of advanced fiber architecture materials promises to be a cost effective process for obtaining composite parts with exceptional strength. However there are a larger number of material processing parameters that must be observed, known, and/or controlled during the resin transfer molding process. These include the viscosity both during impregnation and cure. In-situ sensors which can observe these processing properties within the RTM tool during the fabrication process are essential. This paper will discuss recent work on the use of frequency dependent electromagnetic sensing (FDMS) techniques to monitor these properties in the RTM tool. Our objective is to use these sensing techniques to address problems of RTM scaleup for large complex parts and to develop a closed loop, intelligent, sensor controlled RTM fabrication process.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760310110
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of methane partial oxidation over silica-supported MoO3 and V2O5 (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 87-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microkinetic simulations have been carried out to describe the partial oxidation of methane over silica-supported molybdena and vanadia. The objective of this study was to formulate a physically reasonable reaction network to capture the basic aspects of the surface catalytic chemistry and to use this network to link methane oxidation kinetics with the kinetics observed for the oxidation of subsequent gaseous products, i.e., methanol, formaldehyde, and carbon monoxide. The most abundant reactive intermediates on the catalyst surface are suggested to be oxygen and hydroxyl groups. This reaction network successfully predicts the catalytic activities, selectivities, activation energies, and reaction orders observed over silica-supported molybdena and vanadia; and the microkinetic model also semiquantitatively explains the kinetic trends for related catalyst systems and is consistent with surface bonding energetics reported in the literature over various oxide catalysts. The microkinetic reaction network properly reduces to the more simple macrokinetic model reported previously for methane partial oxidation.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690370108
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear analysis in process design (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 1-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: As steady-state and dynamic simulators with optimal controllers have evolved, tools for nonlinear analysis have been developed by reactor and thermophysical property specialists. Designers lag behind in developing and utilizing these tools, as many design strategies assume idealized behavior even though processes contain an increasing number of nonlinear elements. This article examines the sources of the nonlinear elements, often associated with physical and chemical interactions, in designs and their control systems. Promising methods for nonlinear analysis are reviewed.In each design activity, involving simulation, economic optimization, projections of controllability and operability, emphasis is on the sources of nonlinearities and solution methods. These are examined for the equality constraints and nonlinear programs in phase and chemical equilibria, in reactors and separators, and in the simulation and optimization of flowsheets. Also examined are the impact of non-linear predictive control in screening designs and methods to insure operability, in the face of uncertainties.
    Additional Material: 27 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690370102
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly oriented polyacetylene: Structures and electrical conductivity of the compounds doped with alkali metals and selected oxidants (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 684-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Films of polyacetylene synthesized according to Akagi method present a high degree of crystallinity. A 6-7 times stretching of these films results in the orientation of the polymer fibers: The mosaic was ± 5 degrees. Such highly oriented polyacetylene (HOPA) films were chemically doped by heavy alkali metals in the vapor state and electrochemically with GaCl4- anion in nitromethane medium. The evolution of the structures and the variation of the electrical conductivity upon doping were examined in both cases.Doping with alkali metal leads to the appearance of different intercalated phases: The commensurability of these phases is discussed as a function of the nature and the concentration of the intercalated alkaline ion. The electrical maximum room temperature conductivity, which depends on the nature of the alkali metal, is maximum for K-doped materials. In the case of GaCl4- doping, the unique intercalated phase observed is poorly organized except in the chain direction where a GaCl4- ion is found every 4.5 (CH) units. The room temperature electrical conductivity measured along the chain axis is equal to 15 000 S/cm, one order of magnitude higher than the value observed in Shirakawa unoriented polyacetylene.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760310910
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological properties of multicomponent polymer systems undergoing melting or softening during compounding (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 1670-1673 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The rheological characteristics of a number of polymer blends, including amorphous and semi-crystalline plastic matrices, during melting or softening, are analyzed with a batch mixer. The physical changes accompanying the phase transitions taking place as the slat-and-pepper blends are heated and mixed in the region of their component melt transition temperatures are monitored visually through a transparent window with video recordings. The torque of mixing and the mixture temperature are also recorded continuously. The strong effects of additives such as filler or lower melting resin as well as rotor speed, degree of fill, and ram pressure were observed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760312307
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incorporation of surface-modified UHMWPE powders and fibers in tough polyurethane composites (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 992-998 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) powder (60 micron diameter) and chopped fiber (6.5 mm length) were surface treated with a blend of reactive gases (fluorine and oxygen.) These powders and fibers were then compounded into a thermoset polyurethane matrix. Surface-treated and control reinforcements are compared at a 10 vol.% loading level. Tensile testing indicates improved stress transfer with surface treatment. Stress transfer is also improved with fibers versus powders. Fracture toughness is characterized by measuring the essential work of fracture, we. Surface-treated fiber composites exhibit work of fracture values almost three times the unfilled polyurethane values. Abrasion resistance was also measured. Surface treatment was found to significantly lower wear rates of powder composites. Fiber composites had lower wear rates than powder composites, although surface treatment had little effect. An approximate inverse relationship was found between wear rate and essential work of fracture.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760311310
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