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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1990-06-08
    Description: X-linked Alport syndrome is a hereditary glomerulonephritis in which progressive loss of kidney function is often accompanied by progressive loss of hearing. Ultrastructural defects in glomerular basement membranes (GBM) of Alport syndrome patients implicate an altered structural protein as the cause of nephritis. The product of COL4A5, the alpha 5(IV) collagen chain, is a specific component of GBM within the kidney, and the gene maps to the same X chromosomal region as does Alport syndrome. Three structural aberrations were found in COL4A5, in intragenic deletion, a Pst I site variant, and an uncharacterized abnormality, which appear to cause nephritis and deafness, with allele-specific severity, in three Alport syndrome kindreds in Utah.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barker, D F -- Hostikka, S L -- Zhou, J -- Chow, L T -- Oliphant, A R -- Gerken, S C -- Gregory, M C -- Skolnick, M H -- Atkin, C L -- Tryggvason, K -- DK 36200/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK 39497/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR 00064/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 8;248(4960):1224-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2349482" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blotting, Southern ; Cloning, Molecular ; Collagen/*genetics ; DNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; Exons ; Female ; *Genes ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; *Mutation ; Nephritis, Hereditary/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Restriction Mapping ; X Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1990-12-21
    Description: A major mechanism for generating tolerance in developing T cells is the intrathymic clonal deletion of T cells that have receptors for those self antigens that are presented on hematopoietic cells. The mechanisms of tolerance induction to antigens not expressed in the thymus remain unclear. Tolerance to self antigens can be generated extrathymically through the induction of clonal nonresponsiveness in T cells with self-reactive receptors. A second mechanism of extrathymic tolerance was identified: clonal elimination of mature T cells with self-reactive receptors that had previously displayed functional reactivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, L A -- Chin, L T -- Longo, D L -- Kruisbeek, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1726-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biological Response Modifiers Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2125368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antigens, CD4/analysis ; Antigens, CD8 ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis ; Clone Cells ; *Immune Tolerance ; Kinetics ; *Lymphocyte Depletion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1990-12-21
    Description: The progesterone receptor (PR) in the chicken oviduct is a phosphoprotein that regulates gene transcription in the presence of progesterone. Treatment with progesterone in vivo stimulates phosphorylation of the progesterone receptor. With transient transfection assays, the present work has tested whether phosphorylation participates in the regulation of PR-mediated transcription. Treatment with 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8-Br cAMP), a stimulator of cAMP-dependent protein kinase [protein kinase A (PKA)], mimicked progesterone-dependent, receptor-mediated transcription in the absence of progesterone. Inhibition of PKA blocked hormone action. Treatment with okadaic acid, an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, stimulated transcription in a manner similar to that of progesterone. These observations suggest that phosphorylation of the PR or other proteins in the transcription complex can modulate PR-mediated transcription in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Denner, L A -- Weigel, N L -- Maxwell, B L -- Schrader, W T -- O'Malley, B W -- HD-07857/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-22061/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1740-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2176746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Kinetics ; Oviducts/metabolism ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Phosphorylation ; Progesterone/*pharmacology ; Receptors, Progesterone/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic/drug effects ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1990-08-24
    Description: Soluble antigens (Ags) in the extracellular fluids are excluded from the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted pathway of Ag presentation in most cells. However, an exogenous Ag can be internalized, processed, and presented in association with class I MHC molecules on specialized Ag-presenting cells (APCs). These APCs express class II molecules and can simultaneously present exogenous Ags to both class I and class II MHC-restricted T cells. These APCs may be important participants in the regulation of host immune responses. This APC activity may explain several phenomena of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) priming in vivo and might be exploited for eliciting CTL responses to protein vaccines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rock, K L -- Gamble, S -- Rothstein, L -- AI-20248/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 24;249(4971):918-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2392683" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/*immunology ; Azides/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Ovalbumin/*immunology ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1990-07-13
    Description: Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF1) is a common autosomal dominant disorder characterized by abnormalities in multiple tissues derived from the neural crest. No reliable cellular phenotypic marker has been identified, which has hampered direct efforts to identify the gene. The chromosome location of the NF1 gene has been previously mapped genetically to 17q11.2, and data from two NF1 patients with balanced translocations in this region have further narrowed the candidate interval. The use of chromosome jumping and yeast artificial chromosome technology has now led to the identification of a large (approximately 13 kilobases) ubiquitously expressed transcript (denoted NF1LT) from this region that is definitely interrupted by one and most likely by both translocations. Previously identified candidate genes, which failed to show abnormalities in NF1 patients, are apparently located within introns of NF1LT, on the antisense strand. A new mutation patient with NF1 has been identified with a de novo 0.5-kilobase insertion in the NF1LT gene. These observations, together with the high spontaneous mutation rate of NF1 (which is consistent with a large locus), suggest that NF1LT represents the elusive NF1 gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wallace, M R -- Marchuk, D A -- Andersen, L B -- Letcher, R -- Odeh, H M -- Saulino, A M -- Fountain, J W -- Brereton, A -- Nicholson, J -- Mitchell, A L -- NS23410/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 13;249(4965):181-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ann Arbor, MI.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2134734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Northern ; Blotting, Southern ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neurofibromatosis 1/*genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Neoplasm/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; *Translocation, Genetic ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1990-10-26
    Description: The role of defective glucose transport in the pathogenesis of noninsulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) was examined in Zucker diabetic fatty rats, a model of NIDDM. As in human NIDDM, insulin secretion was unresponsive to 20 mM glucose. Uptake of 3-O-methylglucose by islet cells was less than 19% of controls. The beta cell glucose transporter (GLUT-2) immunoreactivity and amount of GLUT-2 messenger RNA were profoundly reduced. Whenever fewer than 60% of beta cells were GLUT-2-positive, the response to glucose was absent and hyperglycemia exceeded 11 mM plasma glucose. We conclude that in NIDDM underexpression of GLUT-2 messenger RNA lowers high Km glucose transport in beta cells, and thereby impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and prevents correction of hyperglycemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, J H -- Ogawa, A -- Chen, L -- Orci, L -- Newgard, C B -- Alam, T -- Unger, R H -- DK02700-30/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Oct 26;250(4980):546-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Diabetes Research, University of Texas, Dallas 75235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2237405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-O-Methylglucose ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*metabolism ; Female ; *Gene Expression ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Immunoblotting ; Insulin/secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/drug effects/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Male ; Methylglucosides/metabolism ; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Obesity ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Rats, Zucker
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1990-06-29
    Description: Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) induction of DNA synthesis is believed to involve activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and subsequent accumulation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate [I(1,4,5)P3], increase in intracellular Ca2+, activation of protein kinase C (PKC), and receptor down regulation. Generation of these events is triggered by the tyrosine protein kinase (TPK) activity of the PDGF receptor. The TPK inhibitor genistein blocked PDGF induction of these events, including DNA synthesis, with the exception of receptor down regulation. PDGF-induced phosphotyrosine phosphorylations, including receptor autophosphorylation, were inhibited by genistein. Removal of genistein and PDGF resulted in DNA synthesis without the occurrence of PLC activation. These findings indicate that these early events, with the exception of receptor down regulation, are not necessary for PDGF-induced DNA synthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hill, T D -- Dean, N M -- Mordan, L J -- Lau, A F -- Kanemitsu, M Y -- Boynton, A L -- CA 2942/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 29;248(4963):1660-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96813.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2163545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Chlorides/pharmacology ; DNA Replication/*drug effects ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; Genistein ; Inositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Isoflavones/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Lithium/pharmacology ; Lithium Chloride ; Mice ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate ; Phosphatidylinositols/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Type C Phospholipases/*metabolism
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 318-325 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Mice ; housekeeping genes ; liver ; tissue specificity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In situ hybridization using nucleic acid probes was used to detect cell- and tissue-specific transcript(s) of embryonic genes during development and differentiation. This highly sensitive technique has the potential to provide valuable information on the regulation of low-abundance housekeeping genes during development. We have determined the experimental conditions required to detect the catalase message in adult mouse liver. Catalase effects the breakdown of H2O2 to O2 and H2O and offers protection against the toxic effects of oxygen radicals. We used a cloned 550 bp BamHI-Pstl fragment from a mouse catalase cDNA (pMCT-1) to generate 35S-labeled sense and antisense riboprobes. The experimental conditions used were sensitive enough to quantitate the abundance of silver grains generated by the antisense riboprobe on the adult liver, a tissue known to be positive for this message. The hybridization protocol was applied to serial sections of 13- and 18-day-old mouse embryos. The results suggest that the catalase expression in the liver and brain begins with somite formation and increases with development and differentiation. On the other hand, this message appears to be absent in mesenchyme, particularly in day 13 embryos. The message in positive tissues appears evenly distributed throughout the cell. The observed expression of the catalase message in the adult liver is approximately six times that in the embryonic liver. It is compatible with the enzyme activity results and emphasizes the sensitivity of the in situ hybridization method (over northern blot, etc.) used in this study.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1990-02-09
    Description: The control of cellular senescence by specific human chromosomes was examined in interspecies cell hybrids between diploid human fibroblasts and an immortal, Syrian hamster cell line. Most such hybrids exhibited a limited life span comparable to that of the human fibroblasts, indicating that cellular senescence is dominant in these hybrids. Karyotypic analyses of the hybrid clones that did not senesce revealed that all these clones had lost both copies of human chromosome 1, whereas all other human chromosomes were observed in at least some of the immortal hybrids. The application of selective pressure for retention of human chromosome 1 to the cell hybrids resulted in an increased percentage of hybrids that senesced. Further, the introduction of a single copy of human chromosome 1 to the hamster cells by microcell fusion caused typical signs of cellular senescence. Transfer of chromosome 11 had no effect on the growth of the cells. These findings indicate that human chromosome 1 may participate in the control of cellular senescence and further support a genetic basis for cellular senescence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sugawara, O -- Oshimura, M -- Koi, M -- Annab, L A -- Barrett, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 9;247(4943):707-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2300822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/*genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; Clone Cells ; Cricetinae ; Diploidy ; Fibroblasts/*cytology ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/*cytology ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/genetics ; Karyotyping ; Mice ; Ploidies ; Transfection ; Translocation, Genetic ; X Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1990-12-07
    Description: A molecular clone of the Xenopus laevis ets-2 gene was isolated from an oocyte complementary DNA library. The amount of messenger RNA (mRNA) in each oocyte or embryo was almost constant during oogenesis and was maintained until the blastula stage of embryonic development, indicating that the observed 3.2-kilobase transcript is a maternal message. The only normal adult tissue in which ets-2 mRNA was detected was the ovary. Injection of antisense oligonucleotides homologous to the ets-2 sequence into oocytes led to degradation of the mRNA and blocked hormone-induced germinal vesicle breakdown. The ets-2 product is thus required for the meiotic maturation of Xenopus oocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Z Q -- Burdett, L A -- Seth, A K -- Lautenberger, J A -- Papas, T S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 7;250(4986):1416-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2255913" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Library ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; Oocytes/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Oogenesis ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-2 ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; *Repressor Proteins ; *Trans-Activators ; *Transcription Factors ; Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus laevis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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