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  • Springer  (65)
  • American Physical Society  (9)
  • Blackwell Science Ltd
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (77)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1990  (77)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (77)
  • 1935-1939
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Information transmission during intra- and interspecific courtship inEphestia elutella andCadra figulilella (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 589-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Courtship ; information theory ; communication ; behavioral analysis ; Ephestia elutella ; Cadra figulilella
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Using information theory, courtship posturing in the moths Ephestia elutella(Hübner) and Cadra figulilella(Gregson) was analyzed for information transmission, which was partitioned into autocovariability (intraindividual transmission) and cross-covariability (interindividual transmission). This two-factor analysis was sufficient to account for more than 60% of the behavioral variance in males of E. elutellaand in both sexes of C. figulilelladuring intraspecific courtships; however, there were large residual variances in the behavior of male and female C. figulilelladuring interspecific courtships and in E. elutellafemales during both inter- and intraspecific courtships. In E. elutella,significant levels of transmission were attributable to both inter- and intraindividual effects, whereas in C. figulilella,only autocovariability was high and no interindividual communication could be assigned to courtship postures. Although courtship in these two species was qualitatively very similar and males readily courted nonconspecific females, high levels of reproductive isolation resulted from courtship. Male C. figulilellahad 94% fewer copulations with E. elutellafemales than with conspecific females and E. elutellamales had 78% fewer copulations with C. figulilellafemales than with conspecifics. These reductions were due to a differential response in both females and males, causing inter-specific courtships to be terminated much earlier than intraspecific courtships. This discrimination indicates that interindividual communication was indeed occurring during courtship and was only partially measured by analysis of postures. Thus, communication took place largely in some other modality, most likely the chemical modality, where species specificity is suggested for both male and female pheromones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052330
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interval Newton/generalized bisection when there are singularities near roots (1990)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 25 (1990), S. 181-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Nonlinear algebraic systems ; Newton's method ; interval arithmetic ; Gauss-Seidel method ; global optimization ; singularities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Interval Newton methods in conjunction with generalized bisection are important elemetns of algorithms which find theglobal optimum within a specified box X ⊂ ℝn of an objective function ϕ whose critical points are solutions to the system of nonlinear equationsF(X)=0with mathematical certainty, even in finite presision arithmetic. The overall efficiency of such a scheme depends on the power of the interval Newton method to reduce the widths of the coordinate intervals of the box. Thus, though the generalized bisection method will still converge in a box which contains a critical point at which the Jacobian matrix is singular, the process is much more costly in that case. Here, we propose modifications which make the generalized bisection method isolate singular solutions more efficiently. These modifications are based on an observation about the verification property of interval Newton methods and on techniques for detecting the singularity and removing the region containing it. The modifications assume no special structure forF. Additionally, one of the observations should also make the algorithm more efficient when finding nonsingular solutions. We present results of computational experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02283694
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anticancer agent development. 5. X-ray structure and1H nmr spectral analysis of (1α,2α,5α,6α)-2,6-bis(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-4,8-dione (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 20 (1990), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound, C20H14O8, Mr=382.3, crystallized from chloroform in the centric space group P¯1 witha=6.516(4),b=6.798(3),c=9.545(7) Å,α=85.31(5),β=73.87(5), γ=79.59(4)°,V=399.2 Å3, and Dcalc=1.59 g cm−3 forZ=1. Least-squares refinement of 1035 observed [Fo≥5σ(Fo)] reflections led to the final agreement index ofR=0.074. The molecule resides on a crystallographic center of inversion and is disordered into two different conformations. This manifests itself as a 50/50 disorder at O(4), C(2), and C(3). The observed structure reveals acis relationship between the bridgehead hydrogen atoms and the aryl rings. The 90 MHz1H nmr spectrum of the title compound exhibits an AA′XX′ spin system with a H(1)C(2) to H(1)C(3) and H(1)C(2)′ to H(1)C(3)′ coupling constant of 2.8 Hz. Computer spectral simulation and Karplus equation analysis are utilized to illustrate a relaxation of the torsion angles between H(1)C(2) and H(1)C(3), and H(1)C(2)′ and H(1)C(3)′ is solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01274139
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative study of courtship in twelve phycitine moths (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 303-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: courtship ; Phycitinae ; behavioral evolution ; male pheromones ; hairpencils ; behavioral analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The courtship behavior of 12 phycitine moths (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was studied using frame-by-frame analysis of video recordings. Behavioral transitions during courtship were quantified for selected species and kinematic diagrams of courtship sequences were constructed. Interspecific similarities in courtship behaviors were measured by calculating Euclidean distances between species based on 12 courtship characters and by clustering species according to UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages). The resulting phenogram revealed two major behavioral patterns in courtship: (1) interactive and (2) simple. The former was characterized by a complex sequence in which, typically, a male approached a pheromoneemitting female, engaged in a head- to- head posture with the female, and then brought his abdomen over his head and struck the female on the head and thorax. This action brought male abdominal scent structures into close proximity with the female antennae. The male then attempted copulation from the head- to- head position by a dorsolateral thrust of the abdomen toward the female genitalia. Males of these species possessed scent structures located either on the eighth abdominal segment, or in a costal fold of the forewing, or both. Courtship in the second group was much more prosaic. After locating the female by response to her sex pheromone, the male simply attempted copulation by lateral abdominal thrusts under the female wing, without behavioral embellishments. Males of species exhibiting simple courtship had either no scent structures or structures that appeared vestigial. The grouping of species based on courtship characters was poorly correlated with taxonomic relationships, suggesting that the selective pressures governing the evolution and maintenance of courtship and male pheromones were distinct from those involved in the evolution of other morphological characters. While we argue that the primary force molding the evolution of courtship was an adaptive response to interspecific mating mistakes, we do not believe that isolation is brought about by the sequence of courtship behaviors themselves, due to the striking similarity in the sequence across several diverse species. Rather, these behaviors act to deliver more efficiently the male pheromonal message, which mayhave evolved for reproductive isolation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052112
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of cabbage head weight to simulated Lepidoptera defoliation (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 54 (1990), S. 181-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Brassica oleracea ; cabbage ; yield loss ; economic threshold ; crop loss assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude a porté sur le poids des pommes de choux (Brassica oleracea) soumis à différentes intensités de défoliations répétées avant et pendant la formation des pommes. Pendant les trois années de l'étude, huit intensités de défoliation continue ont réduit le poids des pommes, mais le poids le plus élevé a toujours été obtenu avec une faible défoliation avant et pendant la formation des pommes. Ceci montre que le chou tolère une certaine défoliation avant et pendant la formation des pommes. Les résultats de cette étude ont été utilisés dans une analyse coût-bénéfice pour estimer le seuil économique de défoliation.
    Notes: Abstract Studies were conducted to determine the effects of continuous constant amounts of artificial defoliation through the preheading and heading growth stages on head weight of cabbage. High levels of continuous artificial defoliation caused a reduction in head weight in all three years of the study, but the highest yield was always attained at some low level of preheading or heading defoliation. These results demonstrate that cabbage is tolerant to some levels of continuous defoliation before and after head formation. Results from this study are incorporated into a cost-benefit analysis to estimate an economic threshold.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343527
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On compositions of analytic self-mappings of a convex domain (1990)
    Springer
    Archiv der Mathematik 55 (1990), S. 380-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8938
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01198477
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of CARS nitrogen thermometry at high pressure (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 31-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65c ; 78.30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The accuracy of CARS N2 thermometry has been assessed using carefully measured experimental data at high pressures for the temperature range 295 to 870 K and pressure range 1–20 bar. Excellent agreement between calculated and experimental spectra was achieved using statistically based fitting laws to model rotational relaxation. Temperature errors of within ±60 K were achieved using the MEG fitting law, and within ±30 K using an extension to the model (XMEG). Results of separate ab initio IOS calculations with ECS corrections for rotational relaxation gave good overall agreement but did not model the structure of the motionally narrowed spectra as well as the empirical models. The various models were also compared with some complementary data measured by DLR, Stuttgart in their high pressure burner for pressures up to 40 bar. This study also investigated the sensitivity of CARS thermometry to pressure; in certain regions a significant reduction in sensitivity was found. Other key factors investigated include nonlinearities in the intensified diode array detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332321
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nucleotide excision repair epistasis group in Neurospora crassa (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 18 (1990), S. 207-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: DNA repair ; Pyrimidine dimers ; Epistasis groups ; Neurospora crassa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary DNA repair mutants in eucaryotes are normally assigned to three epistasis groups. Each epistasis group represents a “pathway” for DNA repair. The pathways are commonly designated (1) nucleotide excision repair, (2) recombination repair and (3) mutagenic repair. An excision repair epistasis group has been established in Neurospora and the mutants assigned to this group should be limited in their ability to excise pyrimidine dimers and other bulky lesions from DNA. Using a pyrimidine dimer-specific assay, we have found that all Neurospora crassa mutants assigned to the excision repair epistasis group are capable of removing pyrimidine dimers from the DNA at a rate similar to the wild-type organism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318382
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manta tow surveys of the Great Barrier Reef (1990)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 9 (1990), S. 104-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00258220
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association between mitochondrial DNA and morphological evolution in Canada geese (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 31 (1990), S. 373-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Restriction fragments ; Protein electrophoresis ; Morphometrics ; Canada geese
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Variation within and between eight subspecies of Canada geese was assessed by restriction fragment analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), electrophoresis of proteins encoded by nuclear DNA, and the morphometric analysis of skeletons. Estimates of mtDNA sequence divergence between Canada goose subspecies ranged from 0.04 to 2.54%. Pairwise comparisons of the three data matrices revealed that only mtDNA variation and body size are significantly correlated. Subspecies with northern breeding grounds are small-bodied and display small variations of one mtDNA clone, whereas those breeding further south are largebodied and show small differences in another mtDNA clone. Canada geese exhibit strong geographic differentiation with respect to mtDNA sequence, but weak structuring in protein-encoding nuclear DNA. This finding can be explained by a lower level of gene flow for the mitochondrial genome than for the nuclear genome, which in turn emanates from the maternal inheritance of mtDNA and male-biased dispersal in Canada geese. Despite male-mediated flow of nuclear genes, strong morphometric differentiation persists among Canada geese subspecies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02106052
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