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  • Coleoptera  (10)
  • biological control
  • phosphorus
  • Springer  (17)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1990-1994  (17)
  • 1990  (17)
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (17)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
Years
  • 2015-2019
  • 1990-1994  (17)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 125 (1990), S. 233-238 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: biological control ; bioluminescence ; Enterobacter cloacae ; lettuce ; Pythium ultimum ; rhizosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Plasmid pUCD607 was mobilized into the biocontrol agent Enterobacter cloacae strain E6 by conjugation and the resultant strain, E6(pUCD607), was bioluminescent. Biocontrol of Pythium ultimum by E6(pUCD607) was similar to that of the parent strain, E6. The location of E6(pUCD607) in the soil and in the rhizosphere of lettuce was readily determined by pressing agar medium against plant roots in a root box, allowing the bacteria to grow overnight on the medium, and detecting the presence of bioluminescence by autophotography. There was a positive, linear correlation between population sizes determined by dilution plating and the quantity of light emitted due to bioluminescence. However, both the intercept and slope of this line varied among experiments possibly due to the differing physiological states of cells recovered from soils. The amount of light emitted by the bioluminescent strain E6(pUCD607) was not quantitative. This technique is useful for qualitative determinations of populations and for photographically locating bacteria.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cryptolestes ferrugineus ; C. pusillus ; Coleoptera ; Cucujidae ; aggregation pheromone ; macrocyclic lactone ; electroantennogram ; behavioural bioassay ; interspecific response ; thermal desorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Antennal and behavioral responses of the rust-red grain beetle,Cryptolestes ferrugineus, and the flat grain beetle,C. pusillus, to synthetic samples of the macrocyclic lactones reported to comprise their aggregation pheromones were investigated. Electroantennogram (EAG) recordings were obtained successfully from both species for the first time. Females of both species showed larger EAGs than males. The EAGs ofC. ferrugineus showed a high degree of specificity for conspecific aggregation pheromone components;C. pusillus showed much less specificity. Behavioral tests were conducted using two-choice pitfall bioassays. Separation of the results into the two effects of activity stimulation and direction finding showed that both effects contributed to the overall response, although sometimes to different extents. The strain ofC. pusillus studied responded equally well to both components of its pheromone, whereas it had been reported previously that only one was active, the other acting as a Synergist and eliciting no response when tested alone. With both species, behavioral response was elicited with a single lactone, suggesting that it might not be necessary to use both components for field use. Particularly surprising was thatC. pusillus showed a greater response to the pheromone components ofC. ferrugineus than to its own. Aeration of the two species and thermal desorption of the collected volatiles confirmed production of the expected lactones, and aeration of authentic lactones showed that the response was not due to the C.ferrugineus pheromone components being markedly more volatile. This response, which seems to be an actual preference, is the first to be discovered among the cucujid beetles and encourages optimism that a practical lure for various species may not need to be as complex as originally feared.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Phenolic acids ; resistance ; susceptibility ; maize ; maize weevil ; Sitophilus zeamais ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The (E)-ferulic acid content of the grain of nine populations of land races of maize derived from CIMMYT's collections was found to be negatively correlated to susceptibility characteristics towards the maize weevilSitophilus zeamais. Correlation coefficients for six susceptibility parameters and (E)-ferulic acid content were significant and ranged from −0.58 to −0.79. A multiple regression analysis by the SAS forward procedure using the primary seed characteristics associated with susceptibility indicated that the ferulic acid content was the only significant factor in explaining variation in at least two susceptibility parameters: the Dobie index and adult preference. In 15 CIMMYT pools, correlations between four susceptibility parameters and (E)-ferulic acid content were also significant (−0.76 to −0.81). The results suggest that phenolic acid content is a leading indicator of grain resistance or susceptibility to insects and may represent a newly identified mechanism of resistance.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: biological control ; Pistia stratiotes ; Neohydronomus affinis ; water lettuce ; host specificity ; lutte biologique ; Pistia stratiotes ; Neohydronomus affinis ; laitue d'eau ; spécificité vis-à-vis de l'hôte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Neohydronomus affinis a été introduit en Australie comme agent de lutte biologique potentiel contre la laitue d'eau,Pistia stratiotes. Les études en quarantaine ont démontré que ce coléopètre était spécifique deP. stratiotes et il a été libéré dans les champs en 1982. En conséquence, il a été lâché comme agent de lutte contre cette mauvaise herbe dans plusieurs autres pays. En AustralieN. affinis réduit les infestations deP. stratiotes de 40% ou plus en l'espace de 12 à 18 mois. Les résultats sont discutés en fonction de son efficacité dans d'autres parties du monde. Nous concluons queN. affinis contrôle effectivementP. stratiotes dans les régions tropicales (à la latitude 22°), mais dans les régions plus froides son efficacité fluctue avec les conditions saisonnières.
    Notes: Abstract Neohydronomus affinis was imported into Australia as a potential biological control agent for the floating aquatic weedPistia stratiotes. Quarantine studies demonstrated that this weevil was host specific toP. stratiotes and it was released into the field in 1982. Subsequently it was released as a control agent for this weed in several other countries. In AustraliaN. affinis reduced infestations ofP. stratiotes by 40% or more within 12–18 months. The results are discussed in relation to its effectiveness in other parts of the world. We concluded thatN. affinis effectively controlsP. stratiotes in tropical regions (to lat. 22°), but in cooler regions its effectiveness fluctuates with seasonal conditions.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 471-490 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: parasitoids ; foraging behavior ; learning ; experience ; variability ; model ; biological control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An important factor inducing variability in foraging behavior in parasitic wasps is experience gained by the insect. Together with the insect's genetic constitution and physiological state, experience ultimately defines the behavioral repertoire under specified environmental circumstances. We present a conceptual variable-response model based on several major observations of a foraging parasitoid's responses to stimuli involved in the hostfinding process. These major observations are that (1) different stimuli evoke different responses or levels of response, (2) strong responses are less variable than weak ones, (3) learning can change response levels, (4) learning increases originally low responses more than originally high responses, and (5) hostderived stimuli serve as rewards in associative learning of other stimuli. The model specifies how the intrinsic variability of a response will depend on the magnitude of the response and predicts when and how learning will modify the insect's behavior. Additional hypotheses related to the model concern how experience with a stimulus modifies behavioral responses to other stimuli, how animals respond in multistimulus situations, which stimuli act to reinforce behavioral responses to other stimuli in the learning process, and finally, how generalist and specialist species differ in their behavioral plasticity. We postulate that insight into behavioral variability in the foraging behavior of natural enemies may be a help, if not a prerequisite, for the efficient application of parasitoids in pest management.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Scarabaeidae ; Cotinis nitida (L.) ; beetle flight ; pheromone bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 56 (1990), S. 15-21 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; corn rootworms ; age-specific survival ; age-specific fecundity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé D. virgifera virgifera LeConte a été placé sur des régimes nutritifs mimant l'évolution des tissus du maïs disponsibles dans le champ lorsque les insectes éclosent est aux stades suivants du maïs: 1) après émergence de l'épi mâle, mais avant l'apparition des barbes et l'émission du pollen; 2) lors de la présence de barbes et de l'émission de pollen; 3) après la pollinisation et quand les barbes ont bruni. Un quatrième régime a été fourni pendant toute l'expérience comprenant des barbes vertes, du pollen et des feuilles. Les pontes moyennes des femelles pendant les 12 semaines de l'étude on été 125, 235, 179 et 441 pour les régimes 1, 2, 3 et 4. Les dates de mort de la moitié des adultes a été 7,2, 7,2, 6,7 et 8,8 semaines pour respectivement les mêmes régimes. Les femelles du régime 1 pondent à un âge plus avancé que les femelles des régimes 2 et 3. L'influence des changements de la qualité alimentaire du maïs au fur et à mesure du vieillissement des plantes et deDiabrotica, a été déterminée par la survie au bout de 48 heures d'insectes éclos depuis peu et d'autres maintenus en cage sur des lots de maïs à différents stades poussant en serre depuis des temps plus ou moins longs. Plus les plantes sont âgées, plus la survie des 2 groupes deDiabrotica diminue, mais plus vite chez les lots d'insectes âgés.
    Notes: Abstract Adult corn rootworm beetles,Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, were maintained on three dietary regimes which mimicked the progression of corn tissues that would be available in the field for beetles eclosing when corn was in the following growth stages: (A) after tassels had emerged but prior to silking and pollen shed; (B) while plants were silking and shedding pollen; and (C) after pollination was complete and silks had turned brown. A fourth regime (D) was established in which green corn silks, pollen, and leaves were provided throughout the study. The mean number of eggs laid per female over the 12-week duration of the study was 125, 235, 179, and 441 for regimes A, B, C, and D, respectively. Median length of life was 7.2, 7.2, 6.7, and 8.8 weeks for regimes A, B, C, and D respectively. Beetles in regime A laid a greater proportion of their eggs at an older age than did beetles from regimes B and C. To further investigate the influences on survival of changes in food quality of corn as plants and beetles aged, newly-eclosed beetles and beetles that had been maintained in caged plots of corn growing in a greenhouse for various lengths of time were caged on corn at different stages of growth, and the proportion of beetles surviving for 48 h was determined. Survival decreased as plants aged for both groups of beetles, but decreased at a faster rate for old than for young beetles.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pheromone ; pinyon pine ; bark beetle ; cross-attraction ; Ips hoppingi ; Ips confusus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Pinus discolor ; Pinus edulis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Females of a pinyon pine bark beetle,Ips hoppingi Lanier, were less attracted by the aggregation pheromone produced by conspecific males than by the pheromone produced by the neighboring sibling species,I. confusus (LeConte). Cross-attraction was elicited by males infesting the regional pinyon pine hosts (P. discolor andP. edulis) of eitherIps species in south-eastern Arizona. Pheromonal specificity has not accompanied speciation in this species pair.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: seaweed ; Agardhiella ; carrageenan ; phosphorus ; cultivation ; growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Gas liquid chromatography, chemical analyses, and infrared and13C-NMR spectroscopies indicated that phycocolloids extracted fromAgardhiella subulata had a dominant ι-carrageenan feature with less deviant ι-carrageenan and υ-carrageenan. The presence of methylated galactose and a small contamination by xylose were registered. Unattached plants were cultivated for 4 weeks in tanks receiving seawater enriched with 53.5 µM nitrate and 0 to 20 µM phosphate (Pi) week−1. The growth was phosphorus (P)-limited up to a tissue P content of 0.14 ± 0.03% dry weight. Maximal specific growth rate and carrageenan content were observed with enrichments of 6 µM Pi and 3 µM Pi, respectively. Hence carrageenan production was promoted in the range of 3–6 µM Pi. Further Pi enrichment was useless. This phenomenon, observed with P nutrition, is comparable to the ‘Neish effect’ in nitrogen nutrition studies.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: phosphorus ; sediments ; eutrophication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The results of a survey of the sediment chemistry of 7 East Anglian reservoirs are presented as part of a regional study on the assessment and control of eutrophication. The influence of water quality (dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature) on phosphate (PO4) adsorption by sediment from hypertrophic Ardleigh Reservoir is also examined. Extractable phosphate-P (extr.-P) varied between 92 and 383 mg kg−1 dry matter. Extractable P varied between 5.3 and 16.6% of the total phosphate-P (Tot. P) content and increased with the concentration of dissolved reactive phosphate-P (DRP) in the overlying water column. Organically complexed iron (organic Fe) was the determinand which correlated most closely with phosphate adsorption capacity, PAC (r = 0.8). Organic Fe was also related inversely to Extr. P. The rate and extent of PO4 adsorption by Ardleigh Reservoir sediment increased with the initial concentration of DRP and adsorption equilibria were reached after 24 h. The equilibrium DRP concentration, [DRP], was 0.7 mg P 1−1 under aerobic conditions indicative of a high potential for PO4 exchange. The rate and extent of PO4 adsorption was greater at 7 °C than at 22 °C PO4 adsorption increased markedly with dissolved oxygen status. Ardleigh sediment exhibited a marked buffering capacity to a change in pH; however, PO4 adsorption was greatest at an equilibrium pH of 5.6 and decreased progressively either side of this pH value. Options for the artificial control of sediment PO4 release are discussed in relation to the seasonal variation in sediment PO4 exchange observed for Ardleigh Reservoir.
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